Internal Affairs Research Articles

Theoretical approaches to improving the terminological apparatus of psychodiagnostic research in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the basic concepts and terms used in the field of psychological diagnostics. The scientific approaches to the formation of terms and conceptual apparatus by which this branch of psychological science describes its subject of study are considered. It is emphasised that the development of science is determined primarily by the formation of terminology, that is, its language as a system of general and specific concepts that are reflected in certain terms and signs. It is stated that the language of psychodiagnostics is a complex, multilevel, integral system, the elements of which are categories, concepts, terms, symbols. It is shown that in the course of the development of psychology, the conceptual apparatus is continuously being improved, definitions are being clarified, and the terminological vocabulary is being enriched. The current state of development of psychodiagnostics, the formation of promising theories of assessment and measurement of individual characteristics have necessitated the clarification of its terminological apparatus, a significant number of concepts, definitions, which are often contradictory, through the use of various approaches and terminological elements. It is emphasised that the conceptual and terminological apparatus of psychodiagnostics should be developed on the basis of modern realities, abandoning outdated approaches to the definition of certain concepts, and that work towards clarifying and unifying terms requires special care and validity. With a view to improving the terminology, the author provides clarifications of some common definitions. Thus, it is proposed to distinguish between the concepts of “qualities” and “traits”, since “quality” corresponds to the Kettellian term “superficial” or “primary” trait and the Allportian term “secondary” or “secondary” disposition, and the concept of “trait” is more generalised, it summarises the existence of a significant number of qualities. It is proposed to understand individual (individual psychological) properties as generalised characteristics of temperament, character, abilities, orientation, i.e. stable mental phenomena which influence human activity, characterise a personality from the psychological and social aspects and are implemented in society. In addition, it is proposed to clearly distinguish between the concepts of “qualities”, “traits”, “features”, to introduce the terms “individual and personal properties and traits”, and to differentiate psychodiagnostic tools for the study of constitutional, individual and personal traits.

Improvement of the conceptual principles of activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine as a subject of the formation and development of the internal security environment of the state

The publication explores a new method of assessing the security environment based on indicators developed and approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. A SWOT analysis of the current state of the MIA system was conducted, on the basis of which its strengths and weaknesses have been identified, as well as possible external opportunities for development and the threats that accompany them. It has been emphasized that the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the direction of the formation and development of the security environment is limited only to the definition and description of the indicators of this environment. At the same time, it has been concluded that such an assessment should lead to the adoption of appropriate regulatory and organizational measures, which, taking into account the challenges caused by the aggression of the occupying country, should be implemented in all bodies and units of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. It has been noted that in modern conditions it is necessary to pay attention to the strategic directions of the development of the MIA system and the introduction of the best foreign practices of law enforcement into its activities, as well as directions related to military affairs and issues of civil protection of the population. It is also appropriate to work out the issue of defining key criteria and performance indicators of the Ministry of Internal Affairs system regarding the formation and development of the internal security environment. On the basis of the conducted scientific analysis of existing security threats, taking into account the latest changes in the current legislation of Ukraine, key directions for improving the conceptual foundations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine as a subject of the formation and development of the internal security environment of the state have been developed.

SOME PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF FIREARMS BY POLICE OFFICERS

The use of firearms has always been one of the most relevant and important aspects of the activities of police officers. The work is devoted to the study of the problems that arise among police officers of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation when they use or use firearms. Based on the analysis of the problems, the ways of their solution are proposed. Namely, some organizational and structural changes in the training of personnel for fire, legal, physical and tactical training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The article discusses the cause-and-effect relationship between the turnover of personnel among highly qualified specialists in the territorial divisions of the internal affairs bodies of the Chelyabinsk region and the problems of the use of firearms by new poorly qualified personnel. The article outlines the problem that those entering the service in the internal affairs bodies, often, undergo certification without initial training at the vocational training center and other departmental educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The level of professional, fire and physical training of some employees trained in these educational institutions is low. There is also a problem with the staffing of some positions in the police.

Technologies of developing education and upbringing in the process of mastering humanitarian disciplines in educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Technologies of developing education and upbringing in the process of mastering humanitarian disciplines in educational organisations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

CRIMINOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF A PERSON COMMITTING ILLEGAL ACTS IN PLACES OF FORCED DETENTION OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES

The following categories of persons may be held in places of forced detention of internal affairs bodies: persons detained on suspicion of committing crimes; suspects and accused of committing crimes against whom a preventive measure in the form of detention has been chosen and persons sentenced to imprisonment. The main purpose of the functioning of places of forced detention is to ensure that a person in such an institution does not have the opportunity to further commit illegal acts, including crimes. But, often, this goal is not always achieved. Some persons in places of forced detention commit illegal actions of various nature and severity of consequences. At the same time, these persons may belong to the category of persons forcibly placed in these institutions and to the category of employees serving and working in these institutions. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to carefully study the identity of a person who is in places of forced detention of internal affairs bodies, make up his criminological portrait and choose the necessary tactics to combat crime in such places.

Value factors in providing cadets’ psychological wellbeing in the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Value factors in providing cadets’ psychological wellbeing in the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Intragroup relations in the service team as a risk factor for fatigue of internal affairs bodies’ employees

Intragroup relations in the service team as a risk factor for fatigue of internal affairs bodies’ employees

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CENTER ON MIGRATION ISSUES

Regulation of migration processes is one of the main tasks of the state. The effectiveness of the activities of entities exercising control and oversight functions in the field of migration depends on the competencies assigned to them in this area. The article discusses the issue of creating a Center for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In particular, attention was drawn to the fact that this Center was created within the framework of the powers available to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which entailed a redistribution of functional responsibilities between existing units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in the field of migration. In addition, the authors examine the powers, goals, objectives, as well as the place of the Center in question in the system of units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs on migration issues. Particular attention is paid to the distinctive features of its activities. In addition, the article provides an analysis of regulatory legal acts that were amended in connection with the adoption of the Center for Migration Issues

The ways to develop defence and coping strategies among employees of internal affairs bodies

The ways to develop defence and coping strategies among employees of internal affairs bodies

Climate security in Southeast Asia: navigating concepts, approaches and practices

Climate security is gaining significant traction in global discourses on how to respond urgently to the challenges brought on by climate change. In Southeast Asia, however, the term ‘climate security’ raises concerns about the unintended consequences of securitisation to frame the complex and cross-cutting impact of climate change. This paper examines these concerns against the evolving discourses on climate security. It argues that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN’s) reservations about invoking the language of security on climate change are underpinned by concerns about sovereignty and non-interference in internal affairs. The paper also argues that ASEAN’s hesitance to adopt ‘climate security’ downplays the critical need to build regional capacity for anticipatory climate action, including the ability to respond to potential climate-induced conflicts.

Борьба Терской рабоче-крестьянской милиции с бандитизмом в 1920-е гг. (на материалах Моздокского района РСО–Алания и Ставропольского края)

The relevance of the study is due to the need to study and borrow positive experience of the police, as well as the weak scientific development of the topic. The article, based on archival documents, reveals the main prerequisites and factors, as well as the methods of struggle of the Soviet police in the 1920s. in Stavropol and Terek with banditry. The practical innovativeness of the research was expressed in the possibility of using its results in the reconstruction of the organs of internal affairs history, as well as regional history in the 1920s. The methodological potential of the study is revealed in the possibility of using its material at the level of educational institutions, when conducting classes in the history of Russia, in regional history. The scientific novelty consisted in the creation, based on archival materials, of the Soviet workers’ and peasants’ militia in the early 1920s, as well as the main aspects of its activities, taking into account the specifics of the North Caucasus region in the first steps of Soviet power. The results of the study indicate that the Soviet workers’ and peasants’ militia initially emerged as a body of political power. From its creation in 1917 until the end of the 1920s. Soviet policemen fought against banditry, which meant both political groups - individual parts of the White Guard, and criminal elements, which flourished in the North Caucasus region during the NEP period. The organized fight against banditry was hampered by both staffing deficiencies and the rise of organized crime towards the end of the decade due to political and social changes in the country.

Динамика показателей заболеваемости сотрудников органов внутренних дел города Москвы.

Morbidity of the population includes: actual morbidity (primary morbidity); prevalence (frequency of all diseases among the population); diseases detected during medical examinations. The main sources of information on morbidity are: data on appeals to medical organizations; data on the results of planned medical examinations; cause-of-death analysis data. Having studied the primary incidence of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Moscow, from 2018 to 2022, it was found that 1 rank place was retained for respiratory diseases. Other diseases moved to rank 2, including COVID‑19, which previously occupied rank 16. Diseases of the digestive organs moved to rank 3 from rank 6. The overall incidence of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Moscow in dynamics from 2018 to 2022 was characterized by the fact that respiratory diseases retained 1st place, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue – 3rd place. Other diseases moved to 2nd place, including COVID‑19, which previously occupied 17th rank. The state of health of employees of the internal affairs bodies and the extension of their professional longevity are one of the key links in organizing the work of the entire health protection system carried out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Награждение военнослужащих войск НКВД в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945)

The article analyses the practice of awarding People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) troops during the Great Patriotic War. It is pointed out that in 1941–1942 NKVD troops took an active part in the battles alongside Red Army units. After 1943 the commissariat’s main service and combat activity was protecting the army’s rear. The problem-chronological, typological historical, and comparative methods, as well as statistical analysis of the award data were used in this paper. Having studied archival materials, published data and personal documents, the author argues that during the initial phase of the war, awarding failed to meet the needs of the troops. It is noted that in 1942–1944 the award system was decentralized by delegating award rights to commanders (chiefs) of NKVD troops; their award arsenal was expanded with new orders and medals. The award practice indicates that there were no specialized awards to distinguish accomplishments in protecting the rear, important facilities and railways or in fighting against the nationalist underground. NKVD troops were presented with uniform state awards on the same basis as representatives of other agencies that were part of the Soviet Armed Forces (Red Army and Navy). The author comes to the conclusion that, due to the specific nature of the tasks performed (in the army’s rear), state awards were rarely given to employees (groups of employees) of NKVD troops. The majority of distinctions were departmental and included material (valuable gifts and money) or moral (certificates of merit and acknowledgement) rewards.

The U.S. Withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Escalation of Anti-Pakistan Sentiment: Analyzing Causes and Exploring Solutions

In the aftermath of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, a sense of resentment among the people of Afghanistan toward Pakistan has been observed. The Afghans have displayed their resentment towards Pakistan mainly through public protests and online social media campaigns. For Islamabad, this display of antipathy by the Afghans may be rather difficult to comprehend since Islamabad has been hosting millions of Afghan refugees for over three decades. Against this backdrop, this research paper delves into the historical undercurrents of Afghan resentment towards Pakistan and discovers the causes behind it. In doing so, this research paper explores the nature of Pakistan’s foreign policy towards Kabul and its role in shaping Afghan perceptions. This paper highlights factors such as Pak-Afghan historical grievances, perceived interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan, and a protracted refugee crisis as the main drivers of Afghans’ resentment toward Pakistan. Lastly, this paper has sought to put forward offers some potential pathways that can be adopted so as to address the rising anti-Pakistan sentiment and promote constructive engagement between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Enlightened Declarations: Ottoman and Russian Proclamations in the Ottoman‐Russian War of 1768–1774

AbstractThis article analyses the Ottoman and Russian proclamations during the Ottoman‐Russian War of 1768–1774 to understand their similarities and differences in discourse and their intended audiences, with a special focus on the elites of the Ottoman Empire. The article shows that Ottoman diplomacy practiced Enlightenment diplomacy in the same way as its rivals, using the language of enlightened absolutism to win the hearts and minds of the Polish nobility. However, the war made diplomacy and its accompanying discourses an internal affair, and the imperial elite rejected the idea of fighting for Polish liberties. This had a lasting impact on how Ottoman power was framed and understood by both the imperial elite and its subjects. This was the main difference between the Ottoman and Russian empires; the former had already created an elite consensus based on shared European cultural signifiers that depended on the European Enlightenment, while the latter never did.

THE EFFECT OF THE PANDEMIC PROCESS ON THE NUMBER OF PATIENT ADMISSIONS, HOSPITALIZATIONS AND REFERRALS IN A SECONDARY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

BACKGROUNDS/PURPOSE In December 2019, the respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus group virus, first seen in Wuhan, China, was named "coronavirus disease" (COVID-19). As a result of various decisions taken around the world to keep the disease under control, to provide healthcare services to diseases other than COVID-19, and to protect healthcare personnel from transmission, there have been some disruptions in healthcare service delivery. In this study, the daily number of patients admitted to the emergency department of a second-level district state hospital during the pandemic period, the number of patients hospitalized and the number of patients referred to another hospital were examined. These data were compared with the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic period. METHODS Applications made between January 01, 2019 and December 31, 2022 were examined retrospectively. The hospital where the study was conducted is a second-tier district state hospital serving a district with a total population of 130 thousand, approximately ten kilometers from the provincial center, and was not declared as a pandemic hospital during the pandemic period, but served both covid patients and patient groups presenting with non-covid complaints. Monthly data were collected on the number of patients admitted to the emergency department, the number of hospitalized patients and the number of patients referred to another institution during the four-year period. The effects of the pandemic period on the total number of admissions, referrals and hospitalizations were compared before and after the pandemic. In addition, the effect of the decisions taken by the Ministry of Internal Affairs during the pandemic on the number of patient applications on a monthly basis, and whether this change, if any, has an effect on the number of patient referrals and hospitalizations were investigated. RESULTS Although the number of patients admitted to the emergency department decreased significantly during the pandemic period, the total number of patients hospitalized and referred from the emergency department did not decrease at a similar rate. Within the framework of this information, we can say that among the patients who applied to the hospital, patients who needed to be hospitalized or who needed to be referred to another institution because treatment was not possible under hospital conditions received the necessary health services both during the pandemic period and before and after the pandemic. CONCLUSION Considering the significant decrease in patient admissions seen with the pandemic, it would be appropriate to examine whether the emergency department is used properly by patients outside the above-mentioned group (without hospitalization or referral) in order to ensure effective and quality health services.

Цифровой суверенитет государств-реципиентов иностранных технологий электронного голосования

The article reviews problems of digital sovereignty of a state in the conditions of rapid development of digital communication platforms, one of the manifestations of which is electronic government and electronic voting. Governments of many countries address foreign IT companies ready to create and administer the entire electoral infrastructure, however, the states that borrow electronic voting technologies run the risk of turning to a digital colony of an IT company that interferes with internal affairs of another state by holding elections. Western IT companies dominate on the global electronic voting market, the majority of those is registered in the USA. The article concludes that states that are able to create own technological solutions to hold electronic voting should aim to avoid the use of any foreign products, and Russia should be more active in promotion of its approaches to protection against foreign interference with elections.

Координация деятельности органов публичной власти как субъектов системы обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения

safety for. The problem of simultaneous assignment of coordination functions in the sphere of road safety to the Government Commission and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is raised. The gap of federal legislation in terms of determining the coordination of local government activities in this area is noted. The mechanisms of coordination are analyzed on the example of coordination of legal acts, documents on the organization of road traffic, implementation of regional projects and implementation of state control (supervision) over the activities of executive bodies of public authority.

Некоторые аспекты правового регулирования труда сотрудников органов внутренних дел в особых условиях службы

The article considers that the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in special conditions, which are of great importance for both the theory and practice of their functioning, and represent not just a recommendation, but a mandatory sphere and side of their functioning. This is an environment in which police officers are required to be ready for effective action under certain circumstances. The author clarifies that the main problems of legal regulation of labor and the improvement of the legal framework in the field of legal regulation of the work of police officers serving in special conditions are carried out using various legislative and subordinate regulatory legal acts.

A study of the physical fitness of cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

A study of the physical fitness of cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia