Cathode For Intermediate-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Research Articles

Optimizing solid oxide fuel cell cathode processing route for intermediate temperature operation

For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) to become an economically attractive energy conversion technology suitable materials which allow operation at lower temperatures, while retaining cell performance, must be developed. At the same time, the cell components must be inexpensive – requiring both low-priced raw material and cost-effective production techniques.In this work the perovskite-type La0.6Ca0.4Fe0.8Ni0.2O3 (LCFN) oxide has been used in order to optimize intermediate temperature SOFC cathode processing route. The advantages this material presents arise from the low temperature powder calcination (∼600°C) and electrode sintering (∼800°C) of LCFN electrodes, making them a cheaper alternative to conventional SOFC cathodes. An electrode polarization resistance as low as 0.10Ωcm2 at 800°C is reported, as determined by impedance spectroscopy studies of symmetrical cells sintered at a range of temperatures (800–1000°C). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies revealed porous electrode microstructures, even when sintered at a temperature of just 800°C. The competitive performance of the electrodes sintered at low temperatures, combined with the low raw material cost, make these electrodes an excellent potential choice for SOFC cathodes. In this work a new cathode processing technique is presented which provides a more economical, lower temperature SOFC production route with no detrimental effect on device efficiency.

High redox and performance stability of layered SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Cu0.5O5+δ perovskite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Cobalt-containing cathodes often encounter problems such as high thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) and poor stability, making them unsuitable for practical use as cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). This study focuses on the effects of Cu doping in the Co site of SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ in terms of structural characteristics, electrical properties, electrochemical performance, redox properties, and performance stability as an IT-SOFC cathode material. The TEC value of a SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Cu0.5O5+δ (SBSCCu50) sample is 12.8 × 10(-6) K(-1), which is lower than that (13.7 × 10(-6) K(-1)) of a SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (SBSCO) sample at 700 °C. SBSCCu50 showed higher redox stability at lower p(O2) and a more stable cell power output while retaining desirable electrochemical performance, as compared with SBSCO. SBSCCu50 displayed reduced TEC values and enhanced redox and performance stability, as well as satisfactory electrical properties and electrochemical performance under typical fuel cell operating conditions. The results indicate that SBSCCu50 is a promising material as a cathode for IT-SOFCs.

Synthesis and characterization of B-site Ni-doped perovskites Sr2Fe1.5−xNixMo0.5O6−δ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) as cathodes for SOFCs

Sr2Fe1.5−xNixMo0.5O6−δ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) (SFNM) materials have been synthesized by a sol–gel combustion method and studied towards application as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The crystal structure, microstructure, thermal expansion, element valence, conductivity and electrochemical properties have been characterized as a function of Ni content. The symmetrical structure of the cubic lattice in perovskite oxides is confirmed. SFNM powders possess the 3D interconnected network microstructure composed of nanoparticles. An increasing Ni substitution results in the unit cell shrinkage and the increase of thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that Ni basically exhibits a low oxidation state (Ni2+). Doped Ni2+ affects the equilibrium between Fe3+/Mo5+ and Fe2+/Mo6+, which is directly related to the conductivity. The SFNM conductivity was apparently improved, reaching 60 S cm−1 at 450 °C when x = 0.1, which is more than twice that of the Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6−δ (SFM) sample. In addition, Sr2Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6−δ (SFN0.1M) cathodes showed excellent electrochemical performance and lowest interface polarization resistance (Rp). The Rp of the SFN0.1M cathode was approximately 50% of that of the SFM cathode. Moreover, the maximum power densities of a single cell based on the SFN0.1M cathode were 0.92, 1.27 W cm−2 at 700, 750 °C, respectively. The SFNM material is a type of potential cathode for IT-SOFCs.

Electrochemical performances of spinel oxides as cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

The spinel-type oxides of (Mn, Co, Cu)3O4 prepared via a citric–EDTA acid process were investigated as candidate cathodes of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). (Mn, Co)3O4 spinel oxide shows a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic when the doping amount of cobalt element increases. Their electric conductivities increase with the cobalt content and are enough high for them used as cathodes of IT-SOFCs. A fuel cell with (Mn, Co)3O4 spinel cathode was successfully evaluated based on YSZ electrolyte. (Mn, Co)3O4 spinel cathodes show good electrochemical activities, demonstrating the feasibility of the spinel oxide being a cathode of IT-SOFC. As copper doped into (Mn, Co)3O4 spinel, the Ppeak for Cu0.5MnCo1.5O4 cathode rise to 343, 474 and 506 mW cm−2 at 700, 750 and 800 °C, respectively. The results reveal that the spinel-type oxides are promising cathodes for IT-SOFCs, especially for Cu0.5MnCo1.5O4.

Comparative characterization of thermodynamic, electrical, and electrochemical properties of Sm0.5Sr0.5Co1−xNbxO3−δ (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) as cathode materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

The perovskite oxides, such as (La,Sr)CoO3 and (Ba,Sr)CoO3, have received much attention in recent years as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, we have investigated the structural, electrical, electrochemical, and redox properties of Sm0.5Sr0.5Co1−xNbxO3−δ (SSCNbx) cathodes under conditions relevant to IT-SOFC operation. The SSCNbx (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) oxides show gradually decreasing electrical conductivity with increasing Nb doping at the same temperature. The maximum power density of SSCNbx (x = 0.05, 0.1) is lower than that of SSC; however, SSCNbx (x = 0.1) is more stable than SSC considering the thermodynamic behaviour, as determined through redox isotherms. These results suggest that an Nb doped SSC perovskite is suitable, considering its high power density and reasonable redox stability, as an IT-SOFC cathode material.

Electrochemical characterization of Pr2CuO4 cathode for IT-SOFC

Abstract The electrochemical properties of Pr2CuO4 (PCO) electrode screen-printed on Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) electrolyte were investigated. PCO was synthesized by a solid-state route from the stoichiometric mixture of oxides at 1273 K, 20 h. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of PCO both in air and Ar demonstrated its stability up to 1173 K. X-ray powder diffraction study of the PCO–CGO mixture annealed in air at 1173 K for 100 h did not reveal chemical interaction between materials. The oxygen reduction on porous PCO electrodes applied on CGO electrolyte was studied in a symmetrical cell configuration by AC impedance spectroscopy at OCV conditions at 773–1173 K and p O 2 = 10−4–1 atm. Analysis of the data revealed that depending on temperature and oxygen partial pressure different rate-determining steps of the overall oxygen reduction reaction take place. Calculated value of area specific resistance (ASR) of PCO electrode is 1.7 ± 0.2 Ω cm2 at 973 K in air and it is constant after 6 subsequent thermocycles. We have found that oxygen reduction on PCO applied on CGO takes mainly place at the triple-phase boundary (TPB) since Adler–Lane–Steele (ALS) model is not valid. Therefore electrochemical characteristics of PCO electrode can be improved by further optimization of both microstructure of the electrode and electrode/electrolyte interface and PCO can be considered as a promising cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC).

Optimization of Sr content in layered SmBa1–Sr Co2O5+ perovskite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract Cation ordered perovskites have been recognized as advanced cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). This study focuses on the effects of Sr substitution on crystal characteristics, electrical properties, and electrochemical performance of SmBa1−xSrxCo2O5+δ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) as an IT-SOFC cathode material. The electrical conductivity improves with increasing Sr content due to the greater amount of electronic holes originated from the increased interstitial oxygen. The area specific resistances (ASRs) of SmBa1−xSrxCo2O5+δ decrease with Sr content up to x = 0.75 and increase abruptly for x = 1. For x = 0.75, the lowest ASR value, 0.138 Ω cm2, and the highest single cell performance, 1.039 W cm−2 at 600 °C, are obtained. These results indicate that SmBa1−xSrxCo2O5+δ is optimized at x = 0.75 in terms of obtaining the best performance for IT-SOFCs.

Performances of SmBaCoCuO5+δ–Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 composite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract SmBaCoCuO 5+ δ – x Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 1.95 (SBCCO– x GDC, x = 10, 30, 50, 60, wt%) composite cathodes have been investigated for their potential utilization in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The thermal expansion behavior shows that the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) values of SBCCO cathode decrease with GDC addition. The TEC of SBCCO–50GDC cathode is 13.1 × 10 −6 K −1 from 30 to 850 °C in air. By means of DC polarization and AC impedance spectroscopy, the electrochemical performance of SBCCO– x GDC composite cathodes on GDC electrolyte is examined. Results indicate that the proper addition of GDC could improve the performance of SBCCO cathode. The optimum content of GDC in the composite cathodes is 50 wt% with the polarization resistance ( R p ) of 0.040 Ω cm 2 at 800 °C. An electrolyte-supported single-cell configuration of SBCCO–50GDC/GDC/Ni–GDC attains a maximum power density of 628 mW cm −2 at 800 °C. Preliminary results indicate that SBCCO–50GDC is especially promising as a cathode for IT-SOFCs.

Cobalt-free Composite Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe0.9Ni0.1O3–δ–Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ as Cathode for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

New cobalt-free composites consisting of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3–δ (BSFN) and Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 2–δ (SDC) were investigated as possible cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). BSFN, which was synthesized by auto ignition process, was chemically compatible with SDC up to 1100 °C as indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrical conductivity of BSFN reached the maximum value of 57 S·cm −1 at 450 °C. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) value of BSFN was 30.9×10 −6 K −1 , much higher than that of typical electrolytes. The electrochemical behavior of the composites was analyzed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with symmetrical cells BSFN-SDC/SDC/BSFN-SDC. The area specific interfacial polarization resistance (ASR) decreased with increasing SDC content of the composite. The area specific interfacial polarization resistance (ASR) at 700 °C is only 0.49, 0.34 and 0.31 Ω·cm 2 when 30, 40, and 50 wt% SDC was cooperated to BSFN, respectively. These results suggest that BSFN-SDC is a possible candidate for IT-SOFC cathode.

La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3−δ perovskite oxide as cathode for IT-SOFC

A La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3−δ (LSFCu) perovskite was investigated as a cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). The LSFCu material exhibited chemical compatibility with the Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte up to a temperature of 1100 °C. The electrical conductivity of the sintered sample was measured as a function of temperature from 100 to 800 °C. The highest conductivity of about 238 S cm−1 was observed for LSFCu. The average thermal-expansion coefficient (TEC) of LSFCu was 14.6 × 10−6 K−1, close to that of typical CeO2 electrolyte material. The investigation of electrical properties indicated that the LSFCu cathode had lower interfacial polarization resistance of 0.070 Ω cm2 at 800 °C and 0.138 Ω cm2 at 750 °C in air. An electrolyte-supported single cell with 300 μm thick SDC electrolyte and LSFCu as cathode shows peak power densities of 530 mW cm−2 at 800 °C.

A Novel BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3-δ Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Proton-Conducting SOFC

not Available.

Comparison of oxygen exchange kinetics of the IT-SOFC cathode materials La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 − δ and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 − δ

La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ are characterized with respect to application as cathode materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Surface exchange and transport parameters of oxygen are determined by the conductivity relaxation technique between 525°C and 725°C at oxygen partial pressures of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001bar. Electrical conductivities of both compounds range between 1000 and 2400Scm-1 and are slightly higher for La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ. However, La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ shows superior performance with regard to oxygen diffusion, ionic conductivity and oxygen surface exchange within the investigated range of temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. At 725°C the chemical surface exchange coefficient of oxygen is 2×10-3cms-1 for La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ and 4×10-4cms-1 for La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ. At lower oxygen partial pressures a strong decrease in the surface exchange coefficient is observed and diffusion data cannot be obtained from relaxation measurements. Oxygen vacancy diffusion coefficients are similar for both compounds and range between 10-6 and 10-8cm2s-1 with activation energies around 100kJmol-1. At 725°C and 0.1bar oxygen partial pressure, the ionic conductivity of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ is 1×10-2Scm-1 with an activation energy of 118kJmol-1. The results show that both compositions meet the requirements for the application as IT-SOFC cathodes in the short-term range.

LaSrMnCoO5+δ as cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

A new cubic double perovskite oxide, LaSrMnCoO5+δ(LSMC), was investigated as a novel cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). The electrical conductivity of an LSMC sample reaches 111–140Scm−1 in the temperature range 600–850°C. XRD results show that an LSMC cathode is chemically compatible with IT electrolyte material Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC). The interfacial polarization resistance was as low as 0.048, 0.098 and 0.219Ωcm2 at 800, 750, and 700°C, respectively. The preliminary results suggested that double perovskite LSMC material could be considered as the candidate for IT-SOFC cathode.

Remarkable dependence of electrochemical performance of SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ on A-site nonstoichiometry

SrCo(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) is a controversial material whether it is used as an oxygen permeable membrane or as a cathode of solid oxide fuel cells. In this paper, carefully synthesized powders of perovskite-type Sr(x)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) (x = 0.80-1.20) oxides are utilized to investigate the effect of A-site nonstoichiometry on their electrochemical performance. The electrical conductivity, sintering property and stability in ambient air of Sr(x)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) are critically dependent on the A-site nonstoichiometry. Sr(1.00)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) has a single-phase cubic perovskite structure, but a cobalt-iron oxide impurity appears in A-site cation deficient samples and Sr(3)(Co, Fe)(2)O(7-δ) appears when there is an A-site cation excess. It was found that the presence of the cobalt-iron oxide improves the electrochemical performance. However, Sr(3)(Co, Fe)(2)O(7-δ) has a significant negative influence on the electrochemical activity for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The peak power densities with a single-layer Sr(1.00)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) cathode are 275, 475, 749 and 962 mW cm(-2) at 550, 600, 650 and 700 °C, respectively, values which are slightly lower than those for Sr(0.95)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) (e.g. 1025 mW cm(-2) at 700 °C) but much higher than those for Sr(1.05)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) (e.g. only 371 mW cm(-2) at 700 °C). This remarkable dependence of electrochemical performance of the Sr(x)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) cathode on the A-site nonstoichiometry reveals that lower values of electrochemical activity reported in the literature may be induced by an A-site cation excess. Therefore, to obtain a high performance of Sr(x)Co(0.8)Fe(0.2)O(3-δ) cathode for IT-SOFCs, an A-site cation excess must be avoided.

Electrochemical characteristics of nano-structured PrBaCo 2O 5+ x cathodes fabricated with ion impregnation process

Nano-structured electro-catalyst of layered-structure cobaltite PrBaCo 2O 5+ x (PBC) has been developed as cathode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and excellent electrochemical activity towards oxygen reduction has been achieved. PBC nano-particles are deposited into porous samaria-doped ceria (SDC) backbones with an impregnation method. The fabrication processing parameters including composition of precursor solution, PBC loading, and firing temperature have been investigated to optimize the cathode microstructure and further to minimize the cathode interfacial polarization resistance, leading to a cathode interfacial polarization resistance of only 0.082 Ω cm 2 at 600 °C, much lower than those reported for pure PBC electrode (0.86 Ω cm 2), PBC–SDC composite cathode (0.25 Ω cm 2) or various other impregnated cobaltite cathodes such as Sm 0.5Sr 0.5CoO 3− δ (0.25 Ω cm 2), La 0.5Sr 0.5CoO 3− δ (0.31 Ω cm 2), and La 0.6Sr 0.4Co 0.2Fe 0.8O 3− δ (0.24 Ω cm 2). The novel nano-structured PBC electrochemical reaction mechanism has found to be similar to that of a conventional PBC cathode. However, both oxygen ion incorporation and charge transfer steps are greatly accelerated for the novel nano-structured PBC cathode, suggesting that the impregnation process is very effective in fabricating layered-structure cobaltite electro-catalyst for intermediate-temperature SOFC cathode with enhanced electrode performance.

Preparation and performance of Pr-doped Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-δ cathode for IT-SOFCs

(Ba 0.5Sr 0.5) 1- x Pr x Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-δ (BSPCF x; x=0.00-0.30) oxides were synthesized by a sol-gel thermolysis process using combination of PVA and urea, and were also investigated as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that all the samples formed a single phase cubic pervoskite-type structure after being calcined at 950 °C for 5 h and the lattice constant decreased with the Pr content increasing. The electrical conductivity of Ba 0.5Sr 0.5Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-δ (BSCF) was greatly enhanced by Pr- doping. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of BSPCF x was increased with the content of Pr increasing, and all the thermal expansion curves had an inflection at about 250-400 °C due to the thermal-induced lattice oxygen loss and the reaction of Co and Fe ion. Ac impedance analysis indicated that BSPCF x possessed better electrochemical performance. The polarization resistance of the sample with x=0.2 was only ∼0.948 Ω cm 2 at 500 °C, significantly lower than that of BSCF (∼2.488 Ω cm 2).

Enhanced electrochemical performance of the solid oxide fuel cell cathode using Ca 3Co 4O 9+ δ

This paper reports on the electrochemical performance of an SOFC cathode for potential use in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) using the oxygen non-stoichiometric misfit-layered cobaltite Ca 3Co 4O 9+ δ or composites of Ca 3Co 4O 9+ δ with Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95 (CGO/Ca 3Co 4O 9+ δ ). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that symmetric cells with an electrode of pure Ca 3Co 4O 9+ δ exhibit a cathode polarization resistance ( R p) of 12.4 Ω cm 2, at 600 °C in air. Strikingly, R p of the composite CGO/Ca 3Co 4O 9+ δ with 50 vol.% CGO was reduced by a factor of 19 (i.e. R p = 0.64 Ω cm 2), the lowest value reported so far for the Ca 3Co 4O 9 family of compounds. These findings together with the reported thermal expansion coefficient, good compatibility with CGO and chemical durability of this material suggest that it is a promising candidate cathode for IT-SOFCs.

Electrochemical properties of GdBaCo 2/3Fe 2/3Cu 2/3O 5+ δ–CGO composite cathodes for solid oxide fuel cell

The composite cathodes of double-perovskite structure of xwt.% Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95 (CGO)–(100 − x)wt.% GdBaCo 2/3Fe 2/3Cu 2/3O 5+ δ (FC-GBCO), where x = 0, 10, 20, 40 and 50, were synthesized via a citrate combustion method followed by an organic precipitant method. The thermal-expansion coefficient (TEC) and electrochemical performance of the oxides were investigated as potential cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The TEC exhibited by composite cathode made of 40 wt.% CGO–60 wt.% FC-GBCO (CG40) up to 900 °C is 13.7 × 10 −6 °C −1, which is lower value than FC-GBCO (16.3 × 10 −6 °C −1). The composite cathode of CG40 coated on Ce 0.9Gd 0.1O 1.95 electrolyte showed the lowest area specific resistance (ASR) i.e., 0.041 Ω cm 2 at 750 °C. An electrolyte supported (300 μm thick) single-cell configuration of CG40/CGO/Ni-CGO attained a maximum power density of 800 mW cm −2 at 800 °C. The unique composite composition of CG40 exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance, reduced TEC and good chemical compatibility with CGO electrolyte compared with their FC-GBCO cathode for IT-SOFCs.

Study of Ca3-xBixCo4O9+δ(0 < x ≤ 0.5) as Novel Cathodes for IT-SOFCs

The misfit compound Ca3-xBixCo4O9+δ (CCOBix, x = 0.1-0.5) are synthesized via conventional solid state reaction and investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The powders exhibit good thermal stability, as well as good chemical compatibility with Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-γ electrolyte. The SEM results indicate that the melting point decreased with increased Bi amount. The maximal conductivities are 655.9 S•cm-1 and 917.1 S•cm-1 for CCOBi0.1 and CCOBi0.3, respectively. Among the investigated compositions, Ca2.9Bi0.1Co4O9+δ shows the lowest total polarization resistance values. The preliminary results indicate that Ca2.9Bi0.1Co4O9+δ is a promising candidate as IT-SOFC cathode material.

SrCo 1− yTi yO 3− δ as potential cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

The perovskites SrCo 1− y Ti y O 3− δ (SCT y, y = 0.00–0.20) are synthesized and assessed as potential cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) based on the La 0.9Sr 0.1Ga 0.8Mg 0.2O 3− δ (LSGM) electrolyte. SCT y composites with y ≥ 0.05 adopt a cubic perovskite structure with thermal stability between 30 °C and 1000 °C in air. Substitution of Ti significantly enhances the electrical conductivity of the SCT y composites relative to the undoped SrCoO 3− δ . The highest electrical conductivity of the sample with y = 0.05 varied from 430 S cm −1 to 160 S cm −1 between 300 °C to 800 °C in air. The area-specific resistances of the SCT y cathodes on the LSGM electrolyte gradually increase from 0.084 Ω cm 2 at y = 0.05 to 0.091 Ω cm 2 at y = 0.20 with increasing Ti content at 750 °C. Single-cells that used SCT y cathodes with y = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 on a 300 μm-thick LSGM electrolyte achieve peak power densities of 793, 608, 525, and 425 mW cm −2 at 800 °C, respectively. These novel SCT y cubic perovskites demonstrate considerable potential for application in IT-SOFC cathodes.