Intermediate School Students Research Articles

Effects of Example-Problem Pairs on Students’ Mathematics Achievements: A Mixed-Method Study

The aim of this research is to investigate how the utilisation of example-problem pairs affects the outcomes of mathematics students when compared to conventional teaching methods. Thus, a mixed method embedded design, with a main emphasis on a quasi-experiment with supplemental field notes, was conducted with 64 second intermediate grade school students (eighth grade). Participants were divided into two groups comprising 33 students in the experimental group, and 31 students in the control group. An ACNOVA test revealed that the average scores of achievement of the students taught using the example-problem pairs were higher than the average scores of the students who were taught using conventional teaching methods, with a very large effect size. Moreover, the qualitative findings revealed that the students taught using example-problem pairs were more engaged and took more responsibility for their learning than the students who were taught using conventional teaching methods. In addition, the students who lacked the necessary prerequisite knowledge needed more support than the higher achieving students. The implications of the study were discussed.

فاعلیة استخدام مدخل تفکیر النظم فی تنمیة الممارسات الریاضیة وفق معاییر الجیل القادم (NYS) وتقدیر القیمة الوظیفیة للریاضیات لدی طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة Effectiveness of System thinking approach to developing mathematical practices according to mathematics standards of the next generation of NYS and assess the functional value of learning mathematics among Intermediate sch

ملخص البحث: هدف البحث إلىقياسفاعلية استخدام مدخل تفکير النظم في تنمية الممارسات الرياضية وفق معايير الجيل القادم (NYS) وتقدير القيمة الوظيفية لتعلم الرياضيات لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط. واعتمد البحث على المنهج شبه التجريبي تصميم المجموعتين المتکافئتين، وبلغت عينة البحث (65) طالبة بالصف الثاني المتوسط بمحافظة الزلفى بالمملکة العربية السعودية، وبلغ عدد طالبات المجموعة التجريبية (33) طالبة، وعدد طالبات المجموعة الضابطة (32) طالبة. واقتصر البحث على فصل الهندسة والاستدلال المکاني من کتاب الرياضيات للصف الثاني المتوسط الفصل الدراسي الثاني لعام 2020/2021 وتم إعادة صياغتها وفق مدخل تفکير النظم بالاستعانة بتطبيق Class point کأحد تطبيقات الذکاء الاصطناعي. واستخدمت الباحثة اختبار لقياس الممارسات الرياضية اللازمة لحل المشکلات الحياتية مکونا من أربعة أبعاد وهي (حل المشکلات الرياضية بدقة، البرهان والاستدلال الرياضي بشکل تجريدي وکمي، استخدام النموذج والهيکل الرياضي بشکل استراتيجي، التقويم وبناء حجج قابلة للنقد)، ومقياس لقياس تقدير القيمة الوظيفية لتعلم الرياضيات مکون من ثلاث أبعاد وهي (القيمة التعليمية (الأکاديمية) والقيمة التطبيقية (الحياتية) والقيمة المهنية)، وتم حساب صدقهما وثباتهما لاختبار صلاحيتهما للتطبيق. وتوصل البحث إلى وجود فرق دال إحصائيا عند مستوي دلالة (0.01) بين متوسطي درجات طالبات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في التطبيق البعدي لأدوات القياس لصالح طالبات المجموعة التجريبية، وکذلک فاعلية توظيف مدخل تفکير النظم في تنمية الممارسات الرياضية اللازمة لحل المشکلات الحياتية وتقدير القيمة الوظيفية لتعلم الرياضيات لدي طالبات المجموعة التجريبية. واستنادا لنتائج البحث قدمت الباحثة مجموعة توصيات، أهمها: أن تضمن موضوعات الرياضيات بالمرحلة المتوسطة العديد من الانشطة والتطبيقات الحياتية التي تبرز دور الرياضيات في المجالات المتعددة وفى حل القضايا والمشکلات المجتمعية وفى تفسير الظواهر المختلفة مما يعزز الممارسات الرياضية اللازمة لحل المشکلات واتخاذ القرار لدي الطالبات ويعزز تقديرهن للقيمة الوظيفية لتعلم الرياضيات بمختلف التخصصات والمجالات، بالإضافة إلى أهمية تدريب معلمات الرياضيات على توظيف المداخل التدريسية التکاملية کمدخل تفکير النظم لجعل المعرفة الرياضية أکثر تکاملية ووظيفية وأکثر متعة وتشويقا. Abstract: The research aimed to find out effectiveness of system thinking approach in developing mathematical practices according to mathematics standards of the next generation of NYS and assess the functional value of learning mathematics among Intermediate school students. This research used semi-experimental approach of two equal groups. The study sample consisted of (65) students of the second-grade students in the eight Intermediate school in Al-Zulfi governorate, Saudi Arabia. The sample was divided into (33) experimental group students and (32) as a control group. The research limited to the unit of geometry and spatial reasoning from the second Intermediate grade mathematics book, second semester for academic year 2020/2021 .it was reformulated according to system thinking approach using Class point application as one of the applications of artificial intelligence. The researcher used a test to measure mathematical practices which consists of four dimensions (Accurately solve mathematical problems, mathematical proof, and inference in an abstract and quantitative manner, use the mathematical model and structure strategically, evaluate and construct critical arguments). In addition, a measure of assess the functional value of learning mathematics which consists of three dimensions (Educational (academic) value, applied (life) value, and professional value). Then, the researcher counts the validity& reliability before application. The study reached There was a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.01), between the scores of experimental and control groups in the post application of measure tools in favor of experimental group, As well as the effectiveness of employing the systems thinking approach in developing the mathematical practices necessary to solve life problems and assess the functional value of learning mathematics for experimental group. According to research results we presented some recommendations: we need to include many activities and life applications that highlight the role of mathematics in various fields and in solving issues and societal problems and in the interpretation of various phenomena in mathematics lessons of Intermediate school students, which enhances the mathematical practices necessary for solving problems and decision-making among students and enhances their assess of the functional value of mathematics in various disciplines and fields, in addition to training Mathematics teachers use integrative teaching approaches as systems thinking approach to make mathematical knowledge more integrative, functional, fun and interesting.

تأثير برنامج تأهيلي لعلاج استدارة الکتفين لدى تلاميذ المرحلة المتوسطة بدولة الکويت

هدف البحث التعرف على تأثير برنامج تأهيلي لعلاج استدارة الکتفين لدى تلاميذ المرحلة المتوسطة بدولة الکويت ، استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي وذلک نظرا لملائمته لطبيعة وأهداف البحث ، وذلک بتصميم القياس القبلي والبعدي لمجموعة واحدة تجريبية ، تم إختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العمدية من بعض تلاميذ الصف السابع بالمرحلة المتوسطة, حيث إشتملت على عدد (40) تلميذ في مجموعة تجريبية واحدة ، تراوحت أعمارهم من (12-13) عام ، کما إشتملت التجربة الإستطلاعية على عدد (10) تلاميذ من خارج عينة البحث ، وفي ضوء أهداف البحث وما أمکن التوصل اليه من نتائج يمکن استخلاص الآتي: أدى البرنامج التأهيلي البدني الى تحسن فى إطالة عضلات الصدر للتلاميذ عينة البحث. أدى البرنامج التأهيلي البدني الى تقوية العضلات العاملة على منطقة الکتفين وبالتالي إزالة تعديل وضع الکتفين مما أدى إلى التخلص من استدارة الکتفين. وفى ضوء ذلک يوصى الباحث ب: 1- الاسترشاد بالبرنامج التأهيلي البدني المقترح عند تأهيل المصابين من التلاميذ باستدارة الکتفين. 2- استخدام تمرينات التقوية المستخدمة في البرنامج التأهيلي المقترح لعضلات الکتفين لأهميتها فى التخلص من استدارة الکتفين. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of a rehabilitation program for treating shoulder rotation among intermediate school students in the State of Kuwait. The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature and objectives of the research, by designing the pre and post measurement for one experimental group. , As it included (40) students in one experimental group, their ages ranged from (12-13) years, and the exploratory experiment included (10) students from outside the research sample, and in light of the research objectives and the possible results that can be reached Draw out the following: 1. The physical rehabilitation program led to an improvement in stretching the chest muscles of the students, the sample of the study. 2. The physical rehabilitation program led to the strengthening of the muscles working on the shoulder area, thus removing the position adjustment of the shoulders, which resulted in the elimination of the rotation of the shoulders. In light of this, the researcher recommends: 1- Be guided by the proposed physical rehabilitation program when rehabilitating injured students by turning the shoulders. 2- Using strengthening exercises used in the proposed rehabilitation program for the shoulder muscles, due to their importance in eliminating shoulder rotation.

Measuring Students' Interaction in Distance Learning Through the Electronic Platform and its Impact on their Motivation to Learn During Covid-19 Crisis

This study aimed at measuring students' interaction in distance education through the electronic platform among intermediate school students, by identifying the level of students' interaction in distance education and differences between them, as well as its impact on their motivation to learn. To achieve the aim of the study, two scales were designed for this purpose and were applied to a sample consisting of (268) individuals. The results showed that the level of students' interaction through the e-learning platform was at a high level. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of males and females in the scale of students' interaction through the e-learning platform. There was no statistically significant difference between them in their motivation for distance learning via the online platform. There were also no statistically significant differences related to the grade variable in the level of interaction through the electronic platform and in the motivation to learn, while there was a positive statistically significant effect of interaction through the electronic platform on students' motivation to learn.

تنمیة المهارات الحیاتیة المتناغمة مع رؤیة المملکة العربیة السعودیة 2030 من خلال مناهج الریاضیات فی المرحلتین المتوسطة والثانویة. (نموذج إجرائی)

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى: تحديد قائمة بالمهارات الحياتية المتناغمة مع رؤية 2030 ويمکن تنميتها من خلال مناهج الرياضيات في المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية، تسليط الضوء على کيفية إسهام کل من: (محتوى الرياضيات، معلم الرياضيات) في تنمية المهارات الحياتية لدى طلاب المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية، وبناء أنموذج إجرائي لتنمية هذه المهارات من خلال مناهج الرياضيات. وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج النوعي وأداة المقابلة التي طبقت على (10) من معلمي ومعلمات الرياضيات في المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية ممن تتجاوز خبرتهم في تدريس الرياضيات (10) سنوات. کما قام الباحث بتحليل نتائج (18) دراسة تناولت المهارات الحياتية لدى الطلاب. إضافة إلى وثيقة رؤية المملکة العربية السعودية 2030. وتم جمع المعلومات وتصنيفها وتحليلها والربط بينها بما يخدم أهداف الدراسة. وأظهرت النتائج أن المهارات الحياتية المتناغمة مع رؤية المملکة العربية السعودية 2030 وتتفق مع طبيعة الرياضيات وخصائص النمو في المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية هي مهارات: حل المشکلات، التفکير الإبداعي، التفکير الناقد، التواصل الفعال. کما توصلت الدراسة إلى مواصفات محتوى الرياضيات الذي يساهم في تنمية هذه المهارات ومن أبرزها: تضمين محتوى الرياضيات مجموعة من الأمثلة والتمارين والأنشطة التي تتضمن مهارات التواصل الرياضي کالقراءة الرياضية للرموز والتعميمات الرياضية، الکتابة الرياضية من خلال التعبير الکتابي عن العلاقات الرياضية، التمثيل الرياضي سواء من خلال الترجمة الرياضية أو الرسم البياني أو المعالجة الرمزية، أن تقدم المفاهيم الرياضية في السياق الحقيقي أي في مواقف حقيقية يستطيع الطلاب تجربتها، أن تحتوي الأنشطة في مناهج الرياضيات على تحديات تتطلب العمل الجماعي. وفيما يتعلق بالمعلم ودورة في تنمية المهارات الحياتية أظهرت النتائج العديد من الأدوار ومن أهمها: استخدام طرائق واستراتيجيات تدريس تعزز المهارات الحياتية لدى الطلاب وتدفعهم إلى التعاون مع زملائهم وتعزز تفکيرهم وتساهم بفاعلية في مساعدتهم على مواجهة المشکلات الحياتية مثل: حل المشکلات، العصف الذهني، التعلم التعاوني، الرؤوس المرقمة، المشروع، التلعيب. This study aims to identify a list of life skills consistent with the Kingdom's Vision 2030, which can be developed through mathematics curricula in the intermediate and secondary levels. The study also sheds light on how (mathematics content, mathematics teachers) contribute to the development of life skills among intermediate and secondary school students and builds a procedural model for developing these skills through mathematics curricula. The study used a qualitative approach through interviews with (10) mathematics teachers in the intermediate and secondary stages; whose teaching experience exceeded (10) years. The researcher also analyzed the results of (18) studies that addressed students' life skills, in addition to the Kingdom's Vision 2030 document. The information was collected, classified, analyzed, and linked to serve the objectives of the study. The findings showed that life skills which consistent with the Kingdom's Vision 2030 and consistent with the nature of mathematics and the characteristics of growth in the intermediate and secondary stages are: problem-solving skills, creative thinking, critical thinking, and effective communication. Specifications of the content that contribute to the development of these skills are identified as follows: embedding mathematical content with a set of examples, exercises, and activities that address mathematical communication skills such as mathematical symbol reading, mathematical generalizations, mathematical writing of mathematical relations, mathematical representation, mathematical translation, and symbolic processing; presenting mathematical concepts in a real context or real situations, as well as developing challenging activities that require student teamwork. Concerning teachers' role in developing life skills, the findings showed a necessity to use teaching methods and strategies that enhance life skills among students, motivate them to cooperate with their colleagues, enhance their thinking, and contribute effectively in helping them to confront life problems such as Problem-solving, brainstorming, cooperative learning, numbered headers, projects, gamification.

Effect of Using Scientific Stations Strategy in Developing Deductive Thinking of Intermediate School Students in General Sciences

The study aimed to know the effect of using the Scientific stations strategy in developing Deductive thinking of intermediate school students in the science subject. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher used experimental design with two equal groups, the research sample consisted of (65) intermediate-grade students in Al Nidhal school for boys represented by (30) students of the experimental group and (35) students for the control group, the researcher equivalence of the two research groups with a set of variables including (Intelligence, parents ’educational level, previous achievement, age calculated by months and pre-test for Deductive thinking), to verify the research aim the researcher put the two hypotheses as following : 1- There is no statistical significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the scores mean of the members of the experimental group and the members of the control group in the post test of Deductive thinking. 2- There is no statistical significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean difference between the (pre and post) tests of both experimental and control groups in the Deductive thinking test. To verify the research hypotheses, the researcher prepared a test for Deductive thinking consisting of (20) items the researcher applied the test of Deductive thinking, collected the data, and tabulated it in tables for statistical processing and the results indicated: 1- There is a statistical significant difference between the scores mean of students in both groups in the Deductive thinking test and in favor of the experimental group. 2- There is a statistical significant difference between the mean difference between the two tests (pre - post) and in favor of the experimental group.

The Effectiveness of Using Visual Scaffolding Strategy in Teaching English Speaking Skill to Intermediate School Students

The present study aims at:1- Finding out the effectiveness of using visual scaffolding strategy on students‟ achievement in English.2- Finding out whether there is any statistically significant difference between experimental group achievement at the recognition level and at the production level.3- Finding out whether there is any significant difference between experimental group's achievement in the pre-test and post-test.To verify the hypotheses of the study, a sample of (70) students have been randomly selected from first intermediate class at Al Nahreen intermediate school in Al-shirqat city, and divided into two groups, i .e the experimental (35) and the control group(35). Both groups are equalized in their age and their parents‟ level of education. An achievement test of five questions has been constructed, validated, its reliability is obtained, its data analyzed and then applied to each groups of study. The data has been statistically analyzed and show the following results:1. There are statistically significant differences between the achievement of the two groups and in favour of the experimental group.2. The statistically significant differences between the student‟s achievement at the production level and their performance at the recognition level are equal.3. There are statistically significant differences between the students‟ performance in the experimental in the pretest and their performance in the post test in favour of visual scaffolding.

The Effect of Graphic Novels on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension

Saudi EFL learners struggle to read English and encounter obstacles that prevent improvement. Recently, graphic novels were introduced as alternative teaching and learning materials in academic settings. Nevertheless, research in this area remains limited. Therefore, this study examines the effect of reading a graphic novel on reading comprehension and investigates the perceptions of EFL teachers and students regarding the deployment of graphic novels in their classrooms. Sixty-six intermediate school students were divided into experimental and control groups. After the reading sessions, both groups completed reading comprehension tests. Results revealed that reading graphic novels positively affects reading comprehension as the experimental group achieved superior results to the control group. Both EFL teachers and students believe that graphic novels help in improving reading skills. The study concludes by discussing related implications.

Factors affecting cyber bullying experience among intermediate school students in Baghdad, Iraq

Objectives: To identify prevalence and associated factors to control and prevent this increasingly prevalent health problem. 
 Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted on a sample of 442 eligible middle school students, with a range of age from 14 – 15 years. The sample was selected by multistage stratified random sampling. The data collected by pre tested questionnaire which gathered the socio-demographic characteristics of the students and questions about their feelings toward themselves, family, and their schools and questions about cyber bullying.
 Results: Prevalence of cyber bullying was 19.7%, and it has a significant association with private school (P<0.04), higher grade (P<0.03), students have more than two siblings, increase birth order, students have unemployed mothers, high level of parent education, their mothers have no history of injuries or complications during pregnancy and their delivery, family not displaced, not losing any member of the family during the sectarian conflict, and family conflict (P<0.001), students with bad feeling about themselves, their family and school, access to internet in and outside home(P<0.001).
 Conclusion: High percent of cyber bullying experience among intermediate school students. Cyber bullying victimization is more in private school, higher grade, high level of parent's education, family conflict and bad feeling about themselves, their family, and school, having computers linked to internet at home and access to internet outside home. Cyber bullying perpetration is higher among students who their mothers educational level was high, family conflict, and bad feeling about themselves, their family, and school, access to internet outside home.

The extent to which middle school students possess the skills of mathematical strength and their impact on their attitudes towards mathematics مدى امتلاک طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة لمهارات القوة الریاضیة وأثرها على اتجاههم نحو الریاضیات

لمهارات العمليات الرياضية (التواصل الرياضي - الترابط الرياضي - الاستدلال الرياضي) والمعرفة الرياضية (المفاهيمية – الإجرائية - حل المشکلات)، کما هدفت إلى التعرف على مستوى اتجاه طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة نحو الرياضيات، وعلاقة امتلاکهم لمهارات القوة الرياضية، باتجاههم نحو الرياضيات. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي، وقد تکونت عينة الدراسة بطريقة عشوائية، من (6) مدارس تابعة لمکاتب التعليم التابعة لإدارة تعليم جدة، بواقع (3) مدارس حکومية، يمثلها (90) طالبا، و(3) مدارس أهلية، يمثلها (90) طالبا. طبق عليهم اختبار مهارات القوة الرياضية الذي أعده الباحث لأغراض الدراسة وکذلک مقياس الاتجاه نحو الرياضيات الذي قام الباحث بإعداده. وقد کانت أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن درجة امتلاک طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط لمهارات العمليات الرياضية بشکل عام متوسطة. وأن أعلى مهارات العمليات الرياضية امتلاکا لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط مهارة الاستدلال الرياضي تليها مهارة الترابط الرياضي، بينما کانت مهارة التواصل الرياضي أقل مهارات العمليات الرياضية التي يمتلکها طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط بدرجة أقل من المتوسط أو ضعيفة. وأن درجة امتلاک طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط للمعرفة الرياضية بشکل عام متوسطة، وقد کان أعلى جوانب المعرفة الرياضية امتلاکا لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط حل المشکلات، تليها المعرفة المفاهيمية، بينما نجد أن المعرفة الاجرائية کانت أقل جوانب المعرفة الرياضية لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط بدرجة أقل من المتوسط أو ضعيفة. کما أظهرت النتائج أن اتجاه طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط نحو الرياضيات بشکل عام متوسط. کما بينت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة احصائيا عند(0.01≥ α) ايجابية بين مهارات القوة الرياضية والاتجاه نحو الرياضيات لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند (0.01≥ α) في مستويات مهارات القوة الرياضية بشقيها: (العمليات الرياضية - المعرفة الرياضية) لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط تعزى لنوع التعليم (حکومي– أهلي) لصالح الطلاب في التعليم الأهلي. کلمات مفتاحية: امتلاک- طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة- مهارات القوة الرياضية- الرياضيات Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify the extent to which intermediate school students possess the skills of mathematical processes (mathematical communication, mathematical interdependence, mathematical inference), mathematical knowledge (conceptual, procedural, problem solving), and to identify the level of intermediate school students' attitudes towards mathematics and the relationship of possessing the skills of mathematical strength in their attitudes toward mathematics. The study was based on a descriptive approach. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach and used a random sample consisting of (6) schools belonging to the Department of Education in Jeddah, (3) of them were public schools, represented by (90) students and (3) of them were private schools represented by (90) students. They were tested on the skills of mathematical strength test which prepared by the researcher for research purposes, as well as the measure of the attitude towards mathematics which prepared by the researcher. The main findings of the study were that the degree of possession of intermediate school students of the skills of mathematical strength processes in general was average. And that the highest mathematical skills of third-grade students was the skill of mathematical inference followed by the skill of mathematical interdependence, while the skill of communication was less than the skills of mathematical process or relatively weak. And the degree of possession of intermediate students of mathematical knowledge in general was average. The highest aspects of mathematical knowledge among the students of the third grade was problem solving, followed by conceptual knowledge, while procedural knowledge was the least aspects of mathematical knowledge which was less than average Or weak. The results also showed that the attitude of intermediate school students towards mathematics in general is medium. The results showed that there was a statistically significant positive correlation at (α≤0.01) between the skills of mathematical strength and the attitude towards mathematics among the third grade students, and there were significant differences at (α≤0.01) in the levels of mathematical strength skills in both (mathematical process and mathematical knowledge) among intermediate school students which are attributed to the type of education (government - private) for benefits of in private education students

The effect of social class on periodontal condition and treatment needs of 13-15 year old students in Mosul city - Ninevah : Iraq

This study was carried out on 900 intermediate school students aged 13-15 years from high, middle and low socioeconomic classes in the center city of Mosul in order to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and treatment need with the three different socioeconomic levels. The CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) was used to asses the periodontal condition and treatment needs. The results showed that the disease was prevalent in 97.6% of the sample, with a slight higher percentage of students with healthy gingiva in high social class group compared to middle and low class (4%, 2% and 1.3%) respectively, but with no statistically significant difference between them. The result indicated that there was statistically significant difference in the mean number of healthy Sextants in the three groups (1.78, 1.32 and 0.91) for high, middle and low class respectively. Results also revealed a significant a healthier gingiva in females compared to males (1.55 for females and 1.12 for males). The periodontal treatment needs for the students were massive with no significant difference between the three socioeconomic level, while there are statistically significant differences between males and females,as more tales need prophylactic scaling and polishing compared to females.

فاعلية نموذج وايت وجونستون (PEOE) لتدريس العلوم في تنمية الفهم العميق ودافعية الإنجاز لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط ذوي أنماط التعلم المختلفة

هدفت الدراسة إلى الکشف عن فاعلية نموذج وايت وجونستون (PEOE) لتدريس العلوم في تنمية الفهم العميق ودافعية الإنجاز لدى طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط ذوي أنماط التعلم المختلفة، واستخدم المنهج التجريبي المستند على التصميم شبه التجريبي تکونت عينة الدراسة من (72) طالبا، بواقع (36) لکل من المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، درست المجموعة التجريبية بنموذج وايت وجونستون، ودرست الضابطة بالطريقة المعتادة، وتم تطبيق أدوات الدراسة التالية : اختبار الفهم العميق ، ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز ، ومقياس أنماط التعلم، وبعد جمع المعلومات وتحليلها إحصائيا تم التوصل إلى نتائج من أهمها : 1. وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى ( 0.05) بين متوسطي درجات طلاب المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة في اختبار الفهم ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز بعديا لصالح طلاب المجموعة التجريبية. 2. عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.05) في اختبار الفهم ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز البعدي تعزى إلى متغير النمط التعليمي. 3. وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائيا بين الدرجة الکلية لاختبار الفهم العميق، ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز للتطبيق البعدي لطلاب المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة . 4. أن حجم تأثير نموذج وايت وجونستون کان کبيرا في تنمية کل من : اختبار الفهم العميق، ومعدل عام ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز، حيث بلغت قيمة مربع إيتا (n2) على التوالي لهم : (0.89 ، 0.89) . وقد أدرجت الدراسة عددا من التوصيات ، کما اقترحت إجراء مزيد من الدراسات The Effectiveness of White and Gunstone (P E O E) Model for Teaching Science On Developing Deep Understanding and Achievement Motivation for Third-Year Intermediate school Students with Different Learning Patterns Dr. Khaled Homod Mohamad Al-Osaimi Associated Prof. in Curricula and Science Education Um Al-Qura University Abstract This study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of White and Gunstone (P E O E) model for teaching science on developing deep understanding and achievement motivation for 3rd-year intermediate school students with different learning patterns. The sample of the study consisted of (72) students distributed equally into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group studied by using White and Gunstone (P E O E) model while the control group kept on with their usual model of teaching in classroom. The instruments used in the study included: deep learning test, achievement motivation scale and learning patterns scale. The data collection and analysis revealed the following results: There were statistically significant differences at (0.05 ≥ α) between the mean scores of the control group and the experimental group in the post measurement of deep learning test and achievement motivation scale; in favor of the experimental group There were no statistically significant differences at (0.05 ≥ α) level between the mean scores of the control group and the experimental group in the post measurement of deep learning test and achievement motivation scale attributed to learning pattern variable. There was a positive correlation statistically significant between the overall score of the experimental group in deep learning test and achievement motivation scale; each separately in the post measurement. The effect size of White and Gunstone model was large as Eta-squared (η2) value in deep learning test and achievement motivation scale (0.89,0.89). In the light of the study results, some recommendations and suggestions for future research were provided

Development of English Spelling Acquisition Stages of Saudi Intermediate School Students

Development of English Spelling Acquisition Stages of Saudi Intermediate School Students

A nationwide study of asthma correlates among adolescents in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic airway inflammation disease that is frequently found in children and adolescents with an increasing prevalence. Several studies are linking its presence to many lifestyle and health correlates. The objective of this study was to explore these correlates and find characteristics of self-reported asthmatics among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, school-based study carried out in all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Sampling was randomly done from intermediate and secondary school students. Data in our study consisted of demographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle patterns and were compared between the two groups: asthmatics versus non-asthmatics. Comparison between the two groups was done by analyzing our data using Statistical Analysis Software SURVEYFREQ procedure (SAS Version 9; SAS Institute, Cary, NC).ResultsAmong a sample of 11,348 participants, the prevalence of self-reported asthma was found to be 8.2%. Various characteristics were found significantly different between the 2 groups including the gender, the weight, the family’s education, and dietary patterns. Self –reported asthmatic were more likely to be males, overweight or obese, with a lower father’s level of education and a higher consumption of milk and power drinks.ConclusionAsthma disease remains prevalent among adolescents in Saudi Arabia and requires higher awareness and better guidance for its prevention and treatment. Further efforts should focus on health promotion and lifestyle wellness to support preventive efforts of this chronic disease condition.

The effects of the interaction between the type of Visual Cue and its display style via digital mobile content on the development of immediate and delayed cognitive achievement among middle school students in the English language curriculum: أثر التفاعل بين نمط التلميح البصري وأسلوب عرضه عبر المحتوى الرقمي النقال في تنمية التحصيل المعرفي الفوري والمؤجل لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة بمنهج

This study investigated the effect of the interaction between the type of visual cue (Color vs. Bordering cue) and its display style (Fixed vs. Flexible display) via digital mobile content on the development of immediate and delayed cognitive achievement among middle school students in the English Language curriculum, The study tool used achievement test and the sample consisted of 60 first intermediate school students in Jazan, divided into four experimental treatments according to the experimental design of the research. After designing an appropriate digital mobile content program; Immediate and delayed achievement test was applied. Two-Way ANOVA are used. The results indicated as follows; • There were no statistically significant differences between experimental groups exposed to the type of visual cue (Color vs. Bordering) on the immediate and delayed cognitive achievement regardless of the visual cues' display style used. • There were statistically significant differences in related to the effect of visual cues' display style (Fixed vs. Flexible) in favor of the experimental groups, which was exposed to a flexible display style on the immediate and delayed cognitive achievement regardless of the type of visual cue used. • The results also indicated no significant impact of the interaction between to the type of visual cue and its display style on the immediate and delayed cognitive achievement.

Parental Upbringing and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Aggressive Behavior in A Sample of Students of The Intermediate Stage in Al- Makhwah Governorate.: التنشئة الوالدية وعلاقتها بالقلق والسلوك العدواني لدى عينة من طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة بمحافظة المخواة

The study aimed to identify the relationship between parental upbringing, anxiety and aggressive behavior in a sample of students in the Intermediate stage in Al- Makhwah Governorate. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive approach with its correlation form. The study relied on three tools: the parental upbringing scale (By Atwi, 2006) Anxiety (By: Al- Qarni, 1435 H), and the measure of aggressive behavior (By: Zahrani, 1436 H), The study population was composed from Intermediate school students in Al- Mahwah Governorate which was (3259) student, while the sample was randomly selected. The number of students was 327. The study found that: the most preferred method of parenting in (father's form) were the authoritarian pattern, followed by the pattern of neglect and finally the democratic pattern, while the most favored in (mother's form) were the democratic pattern followed by the authoritarian pattern, and finally the pattern of neglect. Also, the results showed that there was a statistically significant correlative relationship at (α 0.05)between the dimensions of the parenting scale and the anxiety scale except after the democratic pattern in (father's form), also there was a statistically significant relation at (α 0.05)between the dominant pattern and all areas of the anxiety scale except the mental side (mother's form), There was a statistically significant relationship at (α 0.05)between the pattern of neglect in (father and mother form) and the domains of the anxiety scale except Cognitive and mental side, The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation at (α 0.05)between the absolute pattern of the parenting method and the aggressive behavior measure (father / mother). The study recommended focusing on the use of the father and mother for guidance and guidance in dealing with children, using the pattern of democratic treatment and engaging in meaningful discussions with them about their concerns. And all related to their daily lives to find a strong moral and intellectual link between them and their parents to spare them mental disorders related to anxiety and aggressive behavior, as well as activate the role of guidance and guidance programs for parents and their children in schools, and try to discuss their problems through them.

A Persistent Academic Ethical Dilemma: Too Few Female Students in STEM Five Decades after Title IX

Research over the past three decades on the gender gap in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) has consistently found an underrepresentation of females pursuing STEM degrees and careers. This is, at its foundation, an educational ethics issue. Schools at all levels, ranging all the way from middle school to graduate school, have a responsibility to prepare more females for careers in STEM. Experts have proposed a variety of fixes to encourage female students to study STEM, including increased funding, some of which have helped, and yet the gap remains. This paper examines one such effort to address this education and ethics issue - voluntary (elective) programs outside of normal school hours that provide young female students’ opportunities for active participation and engagement in STEM. Are these enrichment programs actually increasing subsequent female participation rates? The authors use a correlational study in an attempt to determine whether there is a positive correlation between participation in a voluntary before school STEM program (in grades 6–8), and their subsequent enrollment in STEM courses in high school, and/or in college and career. The authors surveyed intermediate school students, and the results showed that although voluntary before-school programs may not increase female interest in STEM, they do help to maintain long-term interest by those who have already demonstrated an inclination toward STEM. This is a pilot study with a limited number of subjects from one geographical area. Future research should be conducted that focuses on a larger nationwide sample to determine if school enrichment programs indeed act as career influencers for female students.

Effectiveness of virtual reality game in foreign language vocabulary acquisition

This study explored the influence of the virtual reality (VR) game House of Languages on the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) vocabulary acquisition of intermediate school students. A quasi-experimental design helped determine the impact of the VR intervention on the learning process over the traditional EFL vocabulary acquisition method. A nonrandom convenience sample of (n = 64) male students was divided into an experimental group and control group; each group contained (n = 32) students. The findings from this study of independent t-tests at the end of the experimental period indicated that students using the VR game House of Languages had greater achievement in vocabulary acquisition than those using the traditional method of vocabulary acquisition. This study seeks to create awareness among educators that the use of the new VR technology as an effective vocabulary acquisition method in the learning process could be engaged to improve vocabulary acquisition and go beyond previous methods to enhance the degree of achievement in classroom.

The Effectiveness of Digital Storytelling in Developing Some English Language Communication Skills for Second Graders at Middle Schools in Jeddah: فاعلية رواية القصة الرقمية في تنمية بعض مهارات التواصل اللغوي في اللغة الإنجليزية لدى طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط في مدينة جدة

The study aimed to measure the effectiveness of digital storytelling in providing second intermediate school students in Jeddah with communication skills in English language. The researcher used the quasi- experimental approach. A digital storytelling was designed and prepared in addition to the list of communication skills in English language. An achievement test was prepared، along with a performance test with an assessment card. The research sample consisted of (50) student from second intermediate school in Jeddah. They were randomly divided into two groups: the controlled group consisted of (25) students studying the educational content by digital storytelling، and the second one، the experimental group consisted of (25) students studying the educational content by traditional way. The research reached the following findings: There are statistically significant differences at (a=0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group using the digital storytelling and the average scores of the controlled one using the traditional way in the post- measurement of the achievement test along with the performance test and the assessment card in the listening skills in favor of the experimental group. There are statistically significant differences at (a=0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group using the digital storytelling and the average scores of the controlled one using the traditional way in the post- measurement of the achievement test along with the performance test and the assessment card in the speaking skills in favor of the experimental group. There are statistically significant differences at (a=0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group using the digital storytelling and the average scores of the controlled one using the traditional way in the post- measurement of the achievement test along with the performance test and the assessment card in the communication skills in favor of the experimental group. In light of such findings، the researcher recommends the following: Using the digital storytelling in providing both teachers and students with language skills, Training the teacher on how to produce digital storytelling and use them in the educational process to keep pace with the technological developments of this age.

The Effect of Mind Mapping Strategy on the Achievement of Intermediate School Students in Arabic language

The Effect of Mind Mapping Strategy on the Achievement of Intermediate School Students in Arabic language