Intermediate Link Research Articles

Practice Model of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization

Ecological development is essentially the process of building a resource-efficient, environment-friendly and ecologically-safe society, and of achieving modernization that features harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization offers answers to such theoretical and practical questions as why to build an ecological civilization, what the goal is and how to achieve it. Its practice model focuses on explaining the norms, content, paths and methods of building an ecological civilization. It is a structural and operable approach for implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and guiding the construction of ecological civilization. As an intermediate link between Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and eco-civilization construction, the practice model is not only an indispensable part of the former, but also the key to combine the theory and practice concerning the two.

Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil – plant system in areas with the developed mining industry

Introduction. The proximity of mining enterprises to settlements contributes to the pollution of the soil cover with heavy metals. Crops grown in garden plots accumulate chemical elements and are an intermediate link in the “soil - plant - human” chain. Purpose of the work. Assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on the territory adjacent to the mining enterprise, based on the study of the translocation of metals in the soil - plant system. Materials and methods. For the purpose of hygienic assessment of the chemical composition of the soil and vegetable products grown on it, the content of 7 microelements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. With the help of the coefficient of concentration of a chemical substance (Kc) and the total indicator of pollution (Zc), the level of chemical contamination of soils was determined. Using the total coefficient of anthropogenic load (Ka.n. = ∑Ci/PDUi), the territory was ranked according to the contamination of vegetables with toxic elements. The rate of accumulation of metals by vegetable crops was assessed by the coefficient of biological absorption (Ax) and the index of biochemical activity of the species (BAS). Results. The soil cover in the district is contaminated with a complex of metals, the content of gross forms of which exceeds the MPC by up to 1.9 times, mobile - up to 4.6 times. At a distance of up to 5 km around the mining enterprise, the maximum indicators of the total soil pollution (Zc = 44-65) have been established. Lead and zinc are elements of “biological accumulation” for all types of studied vegetable products grown in the zone of influence of the mining enterprise; cadmium is additionally concentrated in beets and carrots, and nickel in carrots. In vegetable samples, exceeding the permissible levels of cadmium and lead was noted. The most significant accumulation of heavy metals was found in the southern, southeastern, northern and northwestern directions from emissions. Conclusion. To eliminate the toxic effects of heavy metals in vegetables produced in the zone of influence of mining enterprises, it is recommended to include additional monitoring of nickel and zinc content in the social and hygienic monitoring system.

МУЗИЧНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ В УМОВАХ ПЕРЕДШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The subject matter of this article is fundamental problems connected with school preparation education as the intermediate link of preschool and primary education. The aim of the paper is to investigate theoretical aspects of school preparation education and reveal main ideas relating to the implementation of successive connections in the organization of musical education in preschool and primary education. It is determined legal bases of school preparation education and strategy of its development in the context of Ukraine’s movement to the European educational space. The essence of concepts «school preparation education», «succession», «musical education» is clarified the article. Due to the analysis of the academic literature it is highlighted the aim and the main tasks of the school preparation education: the aim of thiseducational unit lies in the necessity of implementing principle of the succession ofeducation by ensuring the integrity of the process of education development of senior preschoolers and junior schoolchildren, providing children with equal development opportunities during their preparation for school. It is pointed out correlation between the main categories of school preparation education, namely: succession, perspective, readiness of a child to study at school, succession of education and their coherence in relation to the purpose of preschool education. It is the importance of the succession in musical education. Musical education is defined as the process of achieving certain aims at certain age: formation of musical culture principles, development of children musical abilities to develop child`s creative personality. It is stated that the principle of succession in musical education is to be based on the complication of musical thinking. The tasks of musical education that have common character with preschool and primary school education are formulated in the article. Due to the analysis of programs on musical education at preschool institution and primary school in terms of New Ukrainian school the discrepancies in ensuring of succession in musical education are singled out. It is emphasized the necessity of more thorough preparation of programs on musical education.

Working memory as a partial mediator of the relationship between multilingualism and foreign language aptitude

ABSTRACT While the relationship between language experience and foreign language aptitude (FLA) has been studied extensively, little is known about the underlying intermediate link between them. This study investigates whether multilingual learning experience is correlated with FLA and whether working memory (WM) mediates this relationship. A total of 93 accomplished bilingual or trilingual learners aged 18–25 years from Chinese universities participated in this study. Results showed significant differences in the performance of implicit language aptitude (ILA) (measured by LLAMA D) between L2 and L3 learners. Critically, further mediation analysis demonstrated that WM acted as a partial mediator between the multilingualism – ILA association. Taken together, these findings highlight the partial indirect effect of multilingual learning experience on FLA through WM, which contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanism between language experience and FLA as well as the extent to which WM affects their relationship.

Tubular topological bright-dark and dark laser solitons

We investigate, analytically and numerically, tubular topological laser solitons, which serve as intermediate link between 2D- and 3D-dissipative optical solitons in media with nonlinear amplification and absorption of light or in large-size laser with such a medium. Features of both 3D-dark solitons (with nonvanishing intensity at periphery for all spatial dimensions) and bright-dark solitons (vanishing in two of three dimensions) are studied, including their stability.

Study on the space vector modulation strategy of matrix converter under abnormal input condition

Since the matrix converter (MC) has no intermediate DC energy storage link, any disturbance at the input will affect the output. To guarantee the safe and stable operation of MC system, a feed-forward compensation (FFC) strategy for MC operation in abnormal input voltage conditions, including voltage unbalanced, non-sinusoidal and instantaneous drop, is presented in this paper. The drive performance on the Space Vector Modulation (SVM) Strategy of MC under abnormal input voltage conditions is deeply analyzed. It is proved that the unbalance, non-sinusoidal and instantaneous drop of the input voltage can be compensated by real-time adjusting the SVM coefficient of the control system. The output voltage of MC is kept at normal value by compensating the change of virtual DC voltage. Finally, the control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment.

Lactate shuttle: from substance exchange to regulatory mechanism.

Lactate, as the product of glycolytic metabolism and the substrate of energy metabolism, is an intermediate link between cancer cell and tumor microenvironment metabolism. The exchange of lactate between the two cells via mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) is known as the lactate shuttle in cancer. Lactate shuttle is the core of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming between two cells such as aerobic cancer cells and hypoxic cancer cells, tumor cells and stromal cells, cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Cancer cells absorb lactate by mono-carboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and convert lactate to pyruvate via intracellular lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) to maintain their growth and metabolism. Since lactate shuttle may play a critical role in energy metabolism of cancer cells, components related to lactate shuttle may be a crucial target for tumor antimetabolic therapy. In this review, we describe the lactate shuttle in terms of both substance exchange and regulatory mechanisms in cancer. Meanwhile, we summarize the difference of key proteins of lactate shuttle in common types of cancer.

Therapeutic and delivery strategies of phytoconstituents for renal fibrosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases endangering human health and life. By 2030, 14 per 100,000 people may die from CKD. Renal fibrosis (RF) is an important intermediate link and the final pathological change during CKD progression to the terminal stage. Therefore, identifying safe and effective treatment methods for RF has become an important goal. In 2018, the World Health Organization introduced traditional Chinese medicine into its effective global medical program. Various phytoconstituents that affect the RF process have been extracted from different plants. Here, we review the potential therapeutic capabilities of active phytoconstituents in RF treatment and discuss how phytoconstituents can be structurally modified or combined with other ingredients to enhance efficiency and reduce toxicity. We also summarize phytoconstituent delivery strategies to overcome renal barriers and improve bioavailability and targeting.

基于云计算的水稻区域试验信息采集系统设计

This paper combines the image processing and analysis technology of artificial intelligence to realize the function of farmland data acquisition and analysis. The data acquisition function is completed by different types of sensors. The collected information can be divided into two categories: meteorological information and image and GPS information. Based on cloud computing technology, an information collection system for rice regional experiment was established. The information collected by the sensor was analysed by cloud computing technology, which provided a basis for agronomic operation and result evaluation of regional experiment. The test results show that there is no significant difference between the rice data collected by cloud computing and the manually collected rice data. It can replace the manually collected rice information, reduce labour costs and improve experimental quality. Regional test of crop varieties is an intermediate link in the breeding and popularization of new varieties, and the results of regional test are the main basis for the approval of crop varieties. With the popularization and application of network, it brings opportunities for the networking of regional test management, statistics and variety evaluation. At the same time, with the help of network function, it can realize the online transmission of data, solve the delay problem of regional test results, and query the statistical analysis and evaluation results of regional test at any time.

Microbial community structure and transformation of indoles in soaking and fermentation of Indigo Naturalis

The soaking and fermentation of Baphicacanthus cusia( Nees),the important intermediate link of Indigo Naturalis processing,facilitates the synthesis of indigo and indirubin precursors and the dissolution of endogenous enzymes and other effective components,while the role of microorganisms in the fermentation is ignored. The present study investigated the changes of microbial community structure in Indigo Naturalis processing based on 16 S amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics. Meanwhile,the contents of indigo,indirubin,isatin,tryptanthrin,indole glycoside,etc. were determined to explore the correlation between the microorganisms and the alterations of the main components. As demonstrated by the results,the microbial diversity decreased gradually with the fermentation,which bottomed out after the addition of lime. Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Firmicutes were the main dominant communities in the fermentation. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria declined gradually with the prolongation of fermentation time,and to the lowest level after the addition of lime. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased,and that of Bacteroidetes decreased first and then increased. The contents of effective substances in Indigo Naturalis also showed different variation tendencies. As fermentation went on,indole glycoside decreased gradually; indigo first increased and then decreased; indirubin and isatin first decreased and then increased; tryptanthrin gradually increased. Those changes were presumedly related to the roles of microorganisms in the synthesis of different components. This study preliminarily clarified the important role of microorganisms in the soaking and fermentation and provided a scientific basis for the control of Indigo Naturalis processing and the preparation of high-quality Indigo Naturalis.

ELEMENTAL HOMEOSTASIS IN WISTAR RATS AS A MANIFESTATION OF ADAPTATION IN AN EXPERIMENT WITH METAL LOADING IN THE FORM OF MICRO- AND NANOPARTICLES

Relevance. In recent years, various methods have been widely used to determine the state of adaptation.One of the mechanisms providing adequate adaptation reactions and resistance of the organism to the action of hazardous environmental factors is an increase in the number of intra- and intersystem connections between the content of macronutrients and trace elements, as a means of reliable functioning of the organism.
 Objective. To reveal the typical stages of adaptation of the organism of rats in different conditions of the action of metals by studying the correlation dependences between the content of macronutrients and trace elements in various biological media and assessing the degree of adaptation of the elemental system.
 Materials and methods. Determination of the content of 14 chemical elements in whole blood and endocrine organs was performed using microwave mineralization of samples and was determined by the OES-ICP method on an Optima 2100 DV device. The assessment of their ratios and the analysis of correlations between the elements and the assessment of the degree of resistance of the organism by calculating the index - the degree of adaptation of the elemental system of the organism (A) according to the formula of R.M. Baevsky were carried out.
 Results. The degree of a, sti of experimental animals to the action of Al and Ag, Cr and Mn compounds was estimated according to the proposed by R. M. Baevsky et al. [4] the formula, taking into account the correlations between of macronutrients and trace elements in biological media (degree of adaptation - A). During intraperitoneal administration of metal salts, they were characterized by a stress stage for Al and Cr, the training stages corresponded to a change in the balance of elements under conditions of Mn salt administration. No significant violations of adaptation were found under the conditions of Ag action. Under the conditions of oral administration of metal salts, the degree of adaptation was higher for Ag and Al compounds, the stress stage was characterized by the effect of Mn and Cr salts on elemental homeostasis.
 Comparison of the action of NPs metal showed a greater adaptation to the action of NPs of Al and Ag oxides and worse to the action of NPs of Mn and Cr citrates. Sex differences in adaptation of animals to the action of metal salts were also revealed. Thus, in males exposed to Al, adaptation was characterized by a training stage, while in females the response to Ag action corresponded to the stress stage. The latter gives grounds to assert that the thyroid gland is more sensitive to Ag than in males. Correlation dependences between the content of metals and hormones in animals, exposed to compounds Ag, Al, Cr, Mn, showed a multidirectional effect of Ag and Al on the correlation between the content of metal and hormone I-TG If a direct correlation was found in the control between the content of metals in the blood and free T4 for animals of all groups, and in the experiment only under the condition of exposure to Al and Cr. For the hormone C-peptide (insulin precursor), a significant correlation was found. The bond was found only under the condition of exposure to Al and Mn.
 Conclusions. For the first time, an approach was applied to assessing the adaptation of an organism in terms of the balance of macronutrients and trace elements as an intermediate link in the adaptation process of the endocrine system in animal experiments. Comparison of the action of metal NPs showed a greater adaptation to the action of NPs of Al and Ag oxides and worse to the action of NPs of Mn and Cr citrates. Comparison of the effects of MC effect of metal nitrates and NPs of their oxides and hydrates according to the degree of adaptation of the elementary system indicates a higher toxicity of AgNO3, Al (NO3) 3, while the degree of adaptation under the action of NPs Mn-Ctr and Cr-Ct indicates their higher toxicity. Females were found to be more sensitive to Ag2O NPs than males, and the opposite effect was found under the conditions of Al2O3 NPs. The data obtained testify in favor of the existing ideas about the higher toxicity of metals in the form of nanoparticles compared to microparticles, that is, NPs of manganese and chromium citrates are more toxic.

Уголовный проступок как средство дифференциации уголовной ответственности и наказания

Discussions caused by the initiative of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a new category of offenses – criminal infraction which can occupy an intermediate link between an administrative offense and a criminal offense – do not stop. The article reveals the concept of a criminal infraction, lists its main features, considers the feasibility of introducing this category into domestic criminal legislation. A brief analysis of the legislation of a number of foreign countries is also given, the possibility of applying such experience in Russian conditions is assessed. The conclusion is formulated that it is necessary to recognize as fair the arguments challenging the necessity of adopting the draft law in the form in which it was submitted for consideration by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that in those countries where the category of criminal offense was introduced, a fundamental reform of the criminal legislation was required: a total revision of the norms of the existing criminal legislation or the adoption of a separate Code of criminal infractions (for example, in Kyrgyzstan). Based on this the draft law under consideration appears to be a half-measure, which will lead to the complication of the existing legal regulation. The most correct way to resolve the problem under consideration would be to reduce the number of minor offenses in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

COVID-19 suppression of human mobility releases mountain lions from a landscape of fear

Humans have outsized effects on ecosystems, in part by initiating trophic cascades that impact all levels of the food chain.1,2 Theory suggests that disease outbreaks can reverse these impacts by modifying human behavior,3,4 but this has not yet been tested. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a natural experiment to test whether a virus could subordinate humans to an intermediate link in the trophic chain, releasing a top carnivore from a landscape of fear. Shelter-in-place orders in the Bay Area of California led to a 50% decline in human mobility, which resulted in a relaxation of mountain lion aversion to urban areas. Rapid changes in human mobility thus appear to act quickly on food web functions, suggesting an important pathway by which emerging infectious diseases will impact not only human health but ecosystems as well.

POETIC DISCOURSE AS AN ACT OF COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ADDRESSER AND ADDRESSEE

The author substantiates the idea of the anthropocentric nature of the poetic text, in which the addresser and the addressee form an interactive communicative chain, and artistic- poetic communication in the aspect of discursive approach is considered as a process in which the subject of verbal interaction between its participants is encoded in poetic form. Poetic verbal goals act as the source for this research, from which a selection of units that manifest the text category «anthropocentrism» is done in a way of accurate and complete inventory. The research method is descriptive. The author considers the poetic text as an intermediate link in the paradigm, which presupposes certain communicative roles of the addresser (author) and the addressee (reader). This triadic structure of speech interaction is caused by the tactical and strategic repertoire of the speaker, their intention, functional parameters of the text and pragmatic effect. The prospect of the research is the description of the text category «anthropocentrism» and its components (addresser / addressee) in semantic, pragmatic, communicative aspects.

POETIC COMMUNICATION AND ANTROPOCENTRISM

The author substantiates the idea of the anthropocentric nature of the poetic text, in which the addresser and the addressee form an interactive communicative chain, and artistic-poetic communication in the aspect of discursive approach is considered as a process in which the subject of verbal interaction between its participants is encoded in poetic form. Poetic verbal goals act as the source for this research, from which a selection of units that manifest the text category «anthropocentrism» is done in a way of accurate and complete inventory. The research method is descriptive. The author considers the poetic text as an intermediate link in the paradigm, which presupposes certain communicative roles of the addresser (author) and the addressee (reader). This triadic structure of speech interaction is caused by the tactical and strategic repertoire of the speaker, their intention, functional parameters of the text and pragmatic effect. The prospect of the research is the description of the text category «anthropocentrism» and its components (addresser / addressee) in semantic, pragmatic, communicative aspects.

Overexpression of GUCY1A2 Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients.

BackgroundNitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP) play important roles in blood pressure regulation, neurotransmitter delivery, renal function, and tumorigenesis and development. The intermediate link of this signaling pathway, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is particularly important. However, the role of the GUCY1A2 gene encoding the sGC α2 subunit is unknown.MethodsGene expression and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After screening for GUCY1A2 expression, the expression differences between gastric cancer (GC) tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were determined using R software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and meta-analysis were used to verify the result. The correlation between the expression of GUCY1A2 and clinicopathological parameters was explored by logistic regression. Then, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of GUCY1A2 and the survival of GC patients. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore and analyze the GC-related signaling pathways affected by high GUCY1A2 expression.ResultsWe found that GUCY1A2 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). qRT-PCR (P < 0.001) and meta-analysis (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.20-1.10) confirmed the difference in GUCY1A2 expression. Logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of GUCY1A2 was associated with histological grade (OR=1.858 for poor vs. well or moderate, P = 0.004) and T stage (OR = 3.389 for T3 vs. T1, P = 0.025; OR = 3.422 for T4 vs. T1, P = 0.028). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that GC patients with high expression of GUCY1A2 had a poor prognosis than that of patients with low expression. Univariate analysis indicated that GUCY1A2 and some clinicopathological parameters, such as age, pathological stage, and TNM stage, may predict poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that GUCY1A2 was an independent prognostic marker (HR = 1.699; 95%CI, 1.175-2.456; P = 0.005). GSEA showed that the high GUCY1A2 phenotype is significantly enriched for tumor-associated signaling pathways.ConclusionsGUCY1A2 is highly expressed in GC and may be used as a potential prognostic marker.

About the language of scientific research

The article examines the relationship between the words foundation, purpose, truthfulness, reliability, truth, falsehood, which make up the logical-verbal framework of scientific research. In order to avoid misunderstandings between the author and the addressee, they must obey the convention that the words of the literary language and the highly specialized and logical terms have the same meanings. The author and addressee must also agree on how the chain of reasoning is constructed and understood. The word foundation is the basis, the support of reasoning, the word goal is the image of the result. The adjective reliable can only refer to verified information, proven fact. The words truthful and reliable are not synonyms and cannot be used interchangeably without prejudice to the meaning of the statement. The concept of truth is interpreted as the correspondence of the statement to extralinguistic reality. The article shows the difference between the meanings of the words truth and falsehood in everyday and scientific discourses, these words in everyday language are antonyms, and in the language of logic they include an intermediate link when the truth is not proven.

Functional scheme of the transformer-rectifier unit of the centrifugal oil cleaning installation

Annotation. Problem. The reduction of reliability, economical and mass-dimensional indicators is one of available ways for centrifugal cleaning transformer olives installations, which based on electric drives with icreased frequency. In addition to the development and calculation of the power scheme of the installation, the issue of developing an calculation power supply system from the industrial power system is relevant. In this case, the task of developing and researching a voltage and frequency converter, which is an intermediate link between the industrial power system and the centrifugal oil cleaning installation and provides the specified parameters of electricity, requires the solution of additional partial problems. Goal. The goal is to develop and study the functional scheme of the transformer-rectifier unit with an automated output voltage control system for the installation of centrifugal cleaning of transformer oil. Methodology. Analytical methods of research, methods of the theory of electric machines and electric drives, and also methods of calculation of transfer functions of elements of the automated control systems and their dynamic characteristics are used. Results. The structural scheme of the transformer-rectifier unit with the automated control system of the output voltage of the installation for cleaning transformer oil on the basis of the electric drive of the increased frequency is developed. Calculations of transfer functions of elements of the offered automated control system of the transformer-rectifier unit are executed and its dynamic characteristics are investigated. Originality. The scheme of the transformer-rectifier unit for installation of centrifugal cleaning of transformer oil with the electric drive of the increased frequency is developed and investigated. Practical value. The introduction of centrifugal transformer oil cleaning units with a high-frequency electric drive will increase the reliability, economy and weight of such units. The calculations allow us to draw conclusions about the compliance of the proposed scheme of the transformer-rectifier unit with an automated voltage control system for reliability and dynamic characteristics of the requirements for the secondary power supply of the centrifugal oil cleaning installation.

COVID-19: Science, Politics, Media, and the Public—A Systemic View

The COVID-19 pandemic is taken as an opportunity to analyze the role and performance of medical science, the political acceptance of scientific advice, and the importance of mass media as the intermediate link in the “information supply chain.” We demonstrate the confusion about indicators of the “dangerousness of the virus SARS-Cov2” by number of deaths. The elective use of one of various possible indicators implies different assessments of risk and, in consequence, different public health measures. Results and discussion show that COVID-19 pandemic management uncovered the lack of inter-and transdisciplinary culture in medicine and public health, as well as the lack of a conceptual framework. In a systemic human ecological view the framework would be expanded, including the link between ecology and medicine. A perspective of a “human ecology of health” (EHO, 2020) could improve multidimensional understanding of the pandemic and enable connections to other systemic approaches and to sustainability research. © 2020, Society for Human Ecology. All rights reserved.

Novel control approach for enhancing multi-performance of two-stage converter during power transfer from solar photo-voltaic array to AC grid

This paper presents a nonconventional control approach for augmenting various performances of two-stage power converter (DC-side boost converter and three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI)) during power transfer from solar photo-voltaic array to AC grid. In the application, intermediate DC link voltage is traditionally regulated to settle at a constant and high value. This fixed value is not optimum in respect of various performances of the converters under variable power transfer scenarios. In this respect, variable values of DC link voltage under different power transfer conditions are necessary, which is absent in conventional scheme. For achieving the control flexibility, two modifications of traditional control scheme are proposed as, omission of intermediate DC link voltage regulating loop and controlling of modulation index of current loop between 0.98 and 1 for VSI. In effect, significant multi-benefits are obtained as, (i) reduction of voltage stress on power switches to enhance their life span, (ii) reduction of size, cost and enhanced lifetime of DC link capacitor, (iii) improved efficiency of conversion system and (iv) reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) during maximum power injection from solar photo-voltaic (PV) array to connected AC system. First three benefits are produced due to reduction of DC link voltage for achieving required power transfer and fourth benefit is achieved due to high valued modulation index (between 0.98 and 1). Both simulation and experimental studies verify superior performances of two-stage converter with the help of proposed logic under variable solar power conditions. Derived mathematical condition on interplay between DC link voltage value and power transfer amount at different power factors (unity and leading) provides insight of proposed control approach.