Intermediate Link Research Articles

Design and Performance of a Planetary Gearbox with Two DOFs

The article aims to describe the design and operation of a fundamentally new self-regulating planetary transmission, which, without a control system, changes the gear ratio under the influence of a variable external load. A self-regulating transmission can be created based on a kinematic chain with two degrees of freedom, having only one input. According to the laws of mechanics, such a chain has no definability of motion, since the number of inputs must be equal to the number of degrees of freedom. The equilibrium of a two-movable chain with one input can obtained by creating an additional constraint that substitutes a reaction in the instantaneous center of the intermediate link velocities by the friction moment in the hinge of the intermediate link. The friction moment creates a force constraint, which is taken into account in the equilibrium condition. The obtained equilibrium conditions ensure the definiteness of motion and the ability of self-regulation in the form of an inversely proportional dependence of the speed of the output link on the variable external load. The described method makes it possible to create a fundamentally new class of self-regulating mechanisms in all branches of technology. The interaction of kinematic and force parameters and the construction of parameter graphs was performed using the SolidWorks 2021 program with certain additions. The experimental studies performed confirm the reliability of the theoretical developments.

Is pulmonary vascular remodeling an intermediate link between hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension? Insights from a multi-center cohort study

BackgroundHyperglycemia upon admission is associated with poor prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship of stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), admission blood glucose (ABG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with pulmonary hypertension has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the association of hyperglycemia indices with disease severity and long-term adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).MethodsThis multi-center cohort study included 625 consecutive patients diagnosed with or treated for IPAH between January 2015 and June 2023. SHR was calculated using the followings: ABG (mmol/L)/(1.59 × HbA1c [%] − 2.59). The primary endpoint was defined as clinical worsening events. Multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were employed to evaluate the association of SHR, ABG, and HbA1c with endpoint events. The mediating effect of pulmonary hemodynamics was evaluated to investigate the potential mechanism between hyperglycemia and clinical outcomes.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up period of 3.8 years, 219 (35.0%) patients experienced all-cause death or clinical worsening events. Hyperglycemia indices correlated with well-validated variables that reflected the severity of IPAH, such as the World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walk distance, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. Multivariable Cox regression analyses indicated that SHR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.328, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.185, 1.489 per 0.1-unit increment, P < 0.001) and ABG (HR 1.317, 95% CI: 1.134, 1.529 per 1.0-unit increment, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of primary endpoint events. Mediation analysis indicated that pulmonary vascular resistance mediated 5.65% and 14.62% of the associations between SHR and ABG and clinical worsening events, respectively. The addition of SHR significantly improved reclassification, discrimination ability, and model fit beyond the clinical risk prediction model.ConclusionsSHR is positively associated with clinical worsening in patients with IPAH. The association appeared to be partially mediated through the pathway of pulmonary vascular remodeling, indicating that SHR may serve as a valuable indicator for providing additional risk information.

Как можно понимать и как тогда практиковать историческую социологию

The essay presents its author's understanding of historical sociology, as well as a view on how to practice historical sociology. The preconditions that have been necessary for the emergence of historical sociology from the American intellectual tradition are the following: first, to overcome the ‘historiosophical ahistoricism’ of classical sociology and the ahistoricism of early empirical sociology in the United States. Second, the emergence of ‘social history’ in Europe under the influence of the Great War and the social sciences rejecting the idea of progress in its evolutionary and revolutionary interpretations. The essay provides a detailed investigation of the features of the ‘new historical science’ in comparison with its traditional counterpart, as well as exploring the similarities and differences between social history and historical sociology. Social history is considered as an intermediate link between the classical ‘sociology of history’ and American historical sociology. Following social history, historical sociology turns to comparative studies and quantitative methods, but at the same time does not abandon hermeneutics. Historical sociology presupposes a mutual weakening of the nomothetics of classical ‘grand theories’ and the ideography of traditional history. It also implies a full-fledged sociological investigation of historical phenomena using procedures accepted in empirical sociology, rather than the reinterpretation of historical research in sociological-theoretical terms. This results in the emergence of special (rather than general) processual and medium-level theories of social change based on historical facts. Historical sociology focuses on theoretical generalizations, which clearly distinguishes it from social history. The essay investigates the different approaches and purposes of using the comparative historical method - and the quantitative methods that complement it. In turn, their utilization leads to problems with the acceptance of their results by traditional historians specialized in a single country and on studying primary sources in the original. Instead of concluding, the author discusses his experience and participation in the institutionalization of historical sociology in Russia and points out the problems hindering it.

Social processes as the missing link: cross-sectionally testing a conceptual model on social mediators of early psychopathological development.

Research suggests that most mental health conditions have their onset in the critically social period of adolescence. Yet, we lack understanding of the potential social processes underlying early psychopathological development. We propose a conceptual model where daily-life social interactions and social skills form an intermediate link between known risk and protective factors (adverse childhood experiences, bullying, social support, maladaptive parenting) and psychopathology in adolescents - that is explored using cross-sectional data. N = 1913 Flemish adolescent participants (Mean age = 13.8; 63% girls) were assessed as part of the SIGMA study, a large-scale, accelerated longitudinal study of adolescent mental health and development. Self-report questionnaires (on risk/protective factors, social skills, and psychopathology) were completed during class time; daily-life social interactions were measured during a subsequent six-day experience-sampling period. Registered uncorrected multilevel linear regression results revealed significant associations between all risk/protective factors and psychopathology, between all risk/protective factors and social processes, and between all social processes and psychopathology. Social processes (social skills, quantity/quality of daily social interactions) were uniquely predicted by each risk/protective factor and were uniquely associated with both general and specific types of psychopathology. For older participants, some relationships between social processes and psychopathology were stronger. Unique associations between risk/protective factors and psychopathology signify the distinct relevance of these factors for youth mental health, whereas the broad associations with social processes support these processes as broad correlates. Results align with the idea of a social pathway toward early psychopathology, although follow-up longitudinal research is required to verify any mediation effect.

The history of post-Soviet Armenia through its political myths and symbols

We address the semiotics of conceptual shifts in the dominant discursive political and sociocultural practices of the Post-Soviet Armenia. The political history of independent Armenia is expressed through dominant political symbols and concepts, with a heterogeneous mixture of mythologized ancient history, Soviet and anti-Soviet ideologies. Attempts to create new symbols or re-interpret old ones led to significant transformations in the main discursive practices, which could form the foundation for the legitimization of the Armenian political identity. In general, if we depart from the substantive aspects, semiotic operations are governed by two main transformational principles: recursion and inversion, precisely those that Levi-Strauss described in relation to myth. At the same time, different cycles of this process can coexist in the same socio-cultural space. The political post-Soviet history of Armenia is divided into four periods, each of which is associated with a specific political regime (1990 - 1998; 1998 - 2018; 2018 - 2020; 2020 - up to present). Each of them gives rise to different political myths, both dominant (official) and oppositional, but in general, they are all based on the basic vocabulary that was formed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Therefore, from the point of view of symbolic conceptual patterns, they are all based on the transformation (negation, inversion, and recursion) of the previous stages. Thus, the initial stage was characterized by a revaluation of values: everything Soviet was to be denied, and the Republic of Armenia of 1918-1920 was considered as a model. However, the new authorities intended to establish themselves through the myth of the creation of a fundamentally new - namely, a political nation, therefore, a tension has emerged between the concepts of reincarnation and creation. Soviet Armenia is contrasted with non-Soviet Armenia, which is then split into two opposed concepts: the First vs. the Third Republic. Then their “reconciliation” took place. It is reflected in the metanarrative of the Three Republics, and the Soviet Armenia occupies a worthy place as an intermediate link from incomplete to full-fledged independent statehood. In the 1900s, primordial narratives were revived, asserting the immutability of Armenia, starting with the legendary progenitor Hayk. At present, there is an obvious attempt to create the concept of the “Fourth Republic” based on the negation of the previous ones, up to the rejection of the Declaration of Independence as a Soviet legacy and the annulment of previous symbols (the coat of arms, the anthem, the Mount Ararat).

High expression levels of haem oxygenase-1 promote ferroptosis in macrophage-derived foam cells and exacerbate plaque instability

Plaque rupture with consequent thrombosis is the leading cause of acute cardiovascular events, during which macrophage death is a hallmark. Ferroptosis is a pivotal intermediate link between early and advanced atherosclerosis. Existing evidence indicates the involvement of macrophage ferroptosis in plaque vulnerability; however, the exact mechanism remains elusive. The aim of this study was to explore key ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) involved in plaque progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. The expression landscape of FRGs was obtained from atherosclerosis-related GEO datasets. Molecular mechanism studies of ferroptosis were performed using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and macrophage-derived foam cells (MDFCs). Bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that macrophage haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is the key FRG involved in plaque destabilization. Hypoxic conditions induced a significant increase in Hmox1 expression in MDFCs but not in macrophages. In addition, the beneficial or deleterious effects of Hmox1 were dependent on the degree of Hmox1 induction. Hmox1 overexpression drove inflammatory responses and ferroptotic oxidative stress in MDFCs and aggravated the plaque burden in atherosclerotic model mice. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that hypoxia-mediated degradation of egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 3 (Egln3) stabilized Hif1a, which subsequently promoted Hmox1 transcription. Our findings suggest that high Hmox1 expression under hypoxia is deleterious to MDFC viability and plaque stability, providing a reference for the management of acute cardiovascular events.

Особенности возбуждения уголовных дел по налоговым преступлениям, предусмотренным статьями 198 и 199 УК РФ

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the initiation of criminal cases on tax crimes. It is noted that if the facts of nonpayment of taxes by the taxpayer’s counterparties with signs of fictitiousness are revealed, the head or other officials of the taxpayer organization can be held liable for tax evasion (Articles 198, 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) only if there is evidence of their collusion with individuals controlling the counterparty or evidence of the counterparty’s control over the head or other officials of the taxpayer organization. In the case of establishing the fictitiousness of an intermediate link, it is necessary to establish who actually exercised control over such a link, where the funds were sent, as well as other circumstances that may contribute to the identification of the final beneficiary. The conclusion is formulated that the initiation of criminal cases after full payment of taxes is not allowed. Timely payment of the additional amounts excludes bringing a person to criminal responsibility. The initiation of a criminal case, which generates unjustified threats to a person, his rights and freedoms, is disproportionate to the consequences in the case of full compensation for the damage caused to the budget system.

Magnesium Ion: A New Switch in Tumor Treatment.

The magnesium ion is an essential cation in the human body and participates in numerous physiological activities. A deficiency in magnesium ions is closely associated with tumor development, and supplementation with magnesium ions has been shown to partially inhibit tumor growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which magnesium ions suppress tumor proliferation remain unclear. Currently, studies have revealed that mitochondria may serve as a crucial intermediate link in the regulation of tumors by magnesium ions. Mitochondria might intervene in the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by modulating energy metabolism and oxidative stress levels. Regrettably, there has been no comprehensive review of the role of magnesium in cancer therapy to date. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive scrutiny of the relationship between magnesium ions and tumors, aiming to offer insights for clinical tumor treatment strategies involving magnesium ion intervention.

The specificity of legal terminology in implementation of the competence approach in learning English

Legal terminology is considered one of the most significant branch terminologies and is a complex aspect of foreign language learning. Legal terminology is an intermediate link between different fields of knowledge and spheres of human activity. Therefore, the system of higher education took a course to train specialists capable of translating legal texts in both written and oral forms, thus implementing a competency-based approach to teaching foreign languages. The relevance of the research is determined by the study of modern approaches to teaching the translation of legal terminology within the framework of the implementation of the competence approach. The implementation of a comprehensive and balanced approach to mastering communicative linguistic, intercultural, as well as primary professional competences will undoubtedly contribute to the improvement of English in purely professional communication situations at each subsequent stage of education. Thus, while following a comprehensive approach, we give priority to the formation of communicative linguistic competences, as well as a number of professional communicative competences in general and professional communication situations in accordance with level B2 of the European standard, while special attention is paid to the ability to correctly select the meaning of special terms. At the same time, one of the important tasks remains the development of professional competences through the mastery of legal terminology in English, which is a complex and multifaceted process. Difficulties arising in the process of its study, of course, are not limited to the problems described above. However, the competence approach and cross-cultural perspective of the presentation of the material will undoubtedly contribute to a deeper, meaningful and creative study of English legal terminology.

Triboelectrically self-sensing mechanical metamaterials for smart mechanical equipment

Mechanical metamaterials with extraordinary mechanical properties have been the subject of considerable scientific research and technological application; and self-sensing mechanical metamaterials have gained attention as an intermediate link in the structure-function-perception-control framework. Triboelectrification paves the self-driven way for the miniaturization and sustainability of self-sensing mechanical metamaterials in applications, however, have so far escaped attention for mechanical equipment, let alone further enabling equipment intelligence. Here, we enable a tunable Young's modulus metamaterial with self-sensing via single-electrode-mode triboelectrification, and integrate it into the guidance system of an elevator equipment. The triboelectric outputs from different unit cells are able to reveal the deformation transmission mechanism of the metamaterial, e.g., the sequence of appearance of negative stiffness due to snap-through instability. Our metamaterial reduces the vibration of car dynamics as a shock absorber and monitors such process in real time as a sensor. Moreover, with the aid of deep learning algorithms, our metamaterial realizes the accurate identification of typical guide system excitations in terms of waveform, amplitude and frequency. We believe this study to be the very demonstration of triboelectrically self-sensing mechanical metamaterials for mechanical equipment, paving the way for the intelligence of mechanical systems.

JITL-MBN: A Real-Time Causality Representation Learning for Sensor Fault Diagnosis of Traction Drive System in High-Speed Trains.

A traction drive system (TDS) in high-speed trains is composed of various modules including rectifier, intermediate dc link, inverter, and others; the sensor fault of one module will lead to abnormal measurement of sensor in other modules. At the same time, the fault diagnosis methods based on single-operating condition are unsuitable to the TDS under multi-operating conditions, because a fault appears various in different conditions. To this end, a real-time causality representation learning based on just-in-time learning (JITL) and modular Bayesian network (MBN) is proposed to diagnose its sensor faults. In specific, the proposed method tracks the change of operating conditions and learns potential features in real time by JITL. Then, the MBN learns causality representation between faults and features to diagnose sensor faults. Due to the reduction of the nodes number, the MBN alleviates the problem of slow real-time modeling speed. To verity the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are carried out. The results show that the proposed method has the best performance than several traditional methods in the term of fault diagnosis accuracy.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD USING ANSYS

Connecting Rod is an important component of an internal combustion engine. It serves as an intermediate link between the piston and the crankshaft. It converts the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft. It is responsible for transferring power from piston to crankshaft and from there on to the transmission.The most commonly used materials in the production of Connecting Rod are Steel (for production of engines), Aluminium (ability to absorb high impact at the expense of durability, light in weight), or Titanium (combination of strength and lightness at the expense of affordability).The Objective of this project is to Design and Analyse Connecting Rod using different materials. A parametric model of Connecting Rod is modelled using CATIA V5 Software and Analysis is carried out using ANSYS 14.0 Software. Different materials taken into consideration are 42CrMo4, Al7075-T651, Al6061-1.5%SiC-1.5%B4C, Al7068.Performance parameters like Von-misses stress, Deformation and Factor of safety are analysed using ANSYS. From our work, it was observed that Al7068 has more Stiffness, less Stress and less Weight. Keywords:Al7075-T651,Al6061-1.5%SiC-1.5%B4C, Al7068, Aluminium, Connecting Rod

To the question of construction of welding inverter sources with a high power factor

Purpose. Design a power-factor-corrected, energy- and cost-efficient switchmode power supply for welding. Methodology. It is proposed to use the principle of direct conversion and to develop the "hybrid" power circuit consisting of a main power path using direct conversion and an auxiliary power path having a converter with an intermediate DC link with relatively low stored energy. Since a load to the welding power supply is the welding arc, its instantaneous power fluctuations during the mains voltage period essentially do not influence the welding process due to the thermal constant of the weld pool molten metal. Effective use of this features of the welding arc allows to optimize the power processing, reduce the amount of energy stored in the reactive elements of the circuit and improve the economical, mass and dimensional parameters of the supplies. Findings. A new power factor corrected switchmode power supply topology is proposed utilizing beforementioned principles of power processing. The algorithm for calculating the switching frequency of supply power switches is given. To confirm the adequacy of the developed provisions, an experimental sample of the power supply was created. Oscillograms of mains voltage and source current consumption and oscillograms in output current limitation mode are obtained. The results of experiments showed that the supply has a power factor &gt; 0.94 in a wide range of powers. Originality. A distinctive feature of the supply is the absence of additional inductive components in the power path, a lower capacitance of the DC-link bulk capacitor and a simplified scheme for limiting its inrush current during initial charging. The supply has an increased open circuit voltage, independent of the mains voltage, which allows for easy arc ignition during manual arc welding. Practical value. Due to the increased power factor, the current drawn from the mains is 30 % to 45 % lower than that of widespread inverter supplies without a power factor corrector. These features allow to simultaneously use more power supply units with the same mains current load, and/or to provide stable welding in conditions of a "weak" mains.

SHADOW ECONOMY IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE: CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS FOR OVERCOMING

The problem of the shadow economy is relevant for most countries of the world. In some cases, its dimensions are insignificant and do not have a significant impact on the economy, while in other countries this indicates the existence of a system of shadow economic relations. Unfortunately, Ukraine belongs to the second category, where the volume of the shadow economy, according to various sources, is estimated at the level of 20 % to 50 % of GDP. The article examines the essence, components and features of the shadow economy in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine. The main reasons for the emergence of the shadow economy and its manifestation are substantiated, the consequences of the shadow economy for the economic security of the state are determined. The results of the analysis of the factors that cause the shadowing processes of the country’s economy represent an important contribution to understanding the possibilities of influencing these phenomena and creating the necessary conditions for the further development of the shadowing theory. It is worth taking into account that this set of reasons is only an intermediate link in the chain of cause-and-effect relationships connected with deeper layers of social relations. The specified set of reasons requires further consideration, in particular, regarding its origin and development. This is particularly important because of the consequences it has for the competitiveness of enterprises, as well as for the fairness and efficiency of a market economy. The fact that some individuals produce goods and services at prices that fully reflect the taxes imposed by the government, while others can enjoy similar but cheaper goods or services from the shadow economy, makes the economic system less fair. All these persons have access to public services. The same applies to those who provide services.

Two Cimmerian Steles from the North-West Black Sea Region

New finds of stone sculptures from the epoch of early nomads are quite rare. Therefore, the publication of such new sculptures of pre-Scythian times, besides, two more at once, should be of interest. Moreover, both steles were found in a very limited area of the North-Western Black Sea region and each of them has a unique iconography and a rather original repertoire of objects. The stele from Kairy village is a type of pillar-shaped sculpture. The most original image on it is a round shield with a very rich ornamental composition. The stele from Aleksandrovka belongs to the stele-slabs. This type of sculpture is possibly an intermediate link between purely phallomorphic (Cimmerian) and anthropomorphic (Scythian) sculptures. Since markers of relative chronology are columnar and slab steles – the first are early, the second – late, this may mean that in the upper reaches of the Tiligul estuary in a fairly limited area, the tradition of installing the Cimmerian sculptures persisted for quite a long time.

Multi-Trophic Species Diversity Contributes to the Restoration of Soil Multifunctionality in Degraded Karst Forests through Cascading Effects

The biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationship is the basis for studying the restoration of degraded ecosystems, and the simultaneous assessment of multi-trophic-level biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality relationship is more conducive to unravelling the restoration mechanism of degraded ecosystems, especially for degraded forest ecosystems with harsh habitats and infertile soils such as karst. In this study, we evaluated the biodiversity and soil multifunctionality (SMF) of degraded karst forests (scrub, SB; secondary growth forests, SG; old-growth forests, OG) in the Maolan National Nature Reserve, China, using 30 sample plots. Biodiversity and soil multifunctionality (SMF) at three trophic levels (plant–soil fauna–soil microorganisms), were assessed through vegetation surveys and soil sampling. One-way ANOVA showed that SMF increased with natural restoration, but multi-trophic level biodiversity showed different trends. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between plant species diversity and SMF (p &lt; 0.001), whereas soil fauna and soil microorganisms were negatively correlated with SMF. Structural equation modeling revealed a cascading effect of the multi-trophic level on the stimulation of the SMF during restoration. Only soil microorganisms exhibited a direct driving effect on SMF (p &lt; 0.001), whereas plants indirectly influenced soil microorganisms through soil fauna, which subsequently affected the SMF. Although we observed the negative effects of increased plant diversity on soil fauna and soil microbial diversity in terms of quantitative relationships, the increase in soil fauna species and the evenness of soil microbial function still contributed to SMF restoration. This study revealed the cascading effects of multi-trophic diversity in promoting SMF restoration and emphasized that soil microbes are key to unraveling restoration mechanisms and processes, whereas soil fauna is an important intermediate link.

Vector Control Simulation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor

Compared with rotating motor, linear motor can “directly” obtain linear motion, which eliminates the intermediate transformation link and can directly drive the equipment requiring linear motion. It is applicable to rotating motor mature control strategy can be better for linear motor control research. Its development and application of linear motor has great significance. In this thesis, starting from the weakening characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor, through the MATLAB simulation and comparative analysis of different control signals (SPWM and SVPWM) of vector control strategy, the conclusion that vector control strategy can effectively control ideal linear motor is obtained, which lays a foundation for further improving the control strategy to control non-ideal linear motor.

Neurogenetics of Brain Connectivity: Current Approaches to the Study (Review).

Owing to the advances of neuroimaging techniques, a number of functional brain networks associated both with specific functions and the state of relative inactivity has been distinguished. A sufficient bulk of information has been accumulated on changes in connectivity (links between brain regions) in psychopathologies, for example, depression, schizophrenia, autism. Their genetic markers are being actively investigated using a candidate-gene approach or a genome-wide association study. At the same time, there is not much data considering connectivity as an intermediate link in the genotype-pathology chain, although it seems to be a reliable endophenotype, since it demonstrates a high stability and high heritability. In the present review, we consider the results of investigations devoted to the search for biomarkers, molecular and genetic associations of functional, partially anatomical, and effective connectivity. The main approaches to the evaluation of connectivity neurogenetics have been described, as well as specific genetic variants, for which the association with brain connectivity in psychiatric pathologies has been detected.

Հայ ռամկավար կուսակցությունը և դրա Կահիրեի ակումբի գործունեություն 1915-1921 թթ. / The Armenian Ramkavar Party and the activities of its Cairo Club in 1915-1921

The Ramkavar Azatakan Party (PRA), one of the traditional Armenian parties, was founded in 1921, as a result of the unification of the Armenakan founded in 1885 and other parties active in Armenian reality. The intermediate link in the Armenakan-PRA chain was the Armenian Constitutional Party Ramkavar (ACPR). During its existence (1908-1921), the party was on the side of the people and fought for them. Some of the Armenians who escaped the genocide after the genocide found refuge in Egypt. The Ramkavars established their local structures here. One of them was the Cairo Club, which, continuing the pro-Armenian activities of the party, played its role in the preservation of Armenian identity.

Evading strength-ductility trade-off dilemma in TRIP-assisted Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 duplex high-entropy alloys via flash annealing and deep cryogenic treatments

Conventional and multi-component alloys frequently compromise ductility to strike a balance between strength and ductility through intricate thermomechanical processes. Hence, it is essential to explore a straightforward and efficient approach to concurrently attain high strength and ductility. In this work, an ultrafast annealing-deep cryogenic treatment-tempering (UHDCT) method is proposed to significantly improve the mechanical properties of Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 duplex high-entropy alloy (HEA). The UHDCT method leads to a substantial ∼58 % increase in strength and a remarkable ∼96 % increase in elongation, which are comparable to the outcomes achieved through complex thermomechanical treatments. After UHDCT treatment, a hierarchical heterogeneous structure is achieved, which is comprised of an ultrafine surface region, a transitional region, and an interior region. The deep cryogenic treatment applied to the intermediate link induces the formation of nano-scale needle-like martensitic variants that, instead of transforming back to austenite, undergo coarsening due to their high thermal stability. This coarsening process triggers the formation of lamellar structures in the surface regions. As a result, twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) mainly governs the plastic deformation of the surface regions, thereby enhancing strength. Furthermore, progressive austenite recovery results in an increased volume fraction and refined grain size, further contributing to the strength and ductility via the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. The present findings provide a convenient pathway for introducing hierarchical heterogeneous structures in TRIP-type HEAs, thereby expanding design possibilities for creating high-performance HEAs.