Intermediary Space Research Articles

안경형 시선추적장비를 활용한 보행환경의 주시특성 분석

The streetscape is a space where pedestrians guarantee mobility in urban life and support the commercial activities of the city. Commercial spaces are often planned for activation around streetscape with themes, and are spaces where people share designs owned by the public. It requires a number of common interests and interactions, and serves as an intermediary space where people who use the space first meet. Therefore, it should be designed as an accessible space for citizens to use and enjoy. This study conducted an Eye-tracking experiment(Glasses Type) on the streetscape. Based on the use behavior of pedestrian streets and analysis of surrounding areas, the basic data of the street design and new programs for the process of designing space design for the revitalization of pedestrian streets are provided. Through experiments, external experiments confirmed that data was affected by sunlight in the process of acquiring and storing gaze information. Residents and young people

RELASI AKTIVITAS DAN BENTUK DAPUR RUMAH TINGGAL DI KAWASAN PINGGIRAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA


 
 
 Title: The Relation Between Activities and the Shape of Home Kitchen in The Suburbs of Yogyakarta
 Globalization has made all information and technologies quickly reach other regions. Suburbs suspected of having such impacts caused by the influence of change. The kitchen is a room with a unique because of the space directly related to the fire and growing rapidly in technology equipment inside, that allegedly subjected to the influence of globalization. This research is qualitative rationalistic to see the activities and functions through the shape of home kitchen in the suburbs of Yogyakarta. Six samples with the functional categories of residential houses, vernacular style, has a kitchen that is changing and the owners who lived with two or more generations and are natives selected as research objects. The finding is the unification of kitchen to the main house through an intermediary space and adaptation of kitchen work triangle in transformation of form.
 
 

Black Residents Navigate an Unequal Food Landscape in Washington, D.C.

First paragraph: In Black Food Geographies: Race, Self-Reliance, and Food Access in Washington, D.C., Dr. Ashanté Reese guides us through the interconnected issues that affect the food landscape in many low-income Black communities, through the words and experi­ences of residents of Washington, DC’s, Dean­wood neighborhood. In examining residents’ “geographies of self-reliance,” she uses the neigh­borhood as a prism to refract the intertwining and contradictory forces hidden within the inaccurate label “food desert.” As she says in her concluding chapter, “The neighborhood functions as an intermediary space where macro-level processes, such as where resources are placed, can be con­nected to micro-level processes, such as how residents determine what to buy and where to buy it from” (p. 131). . . .

Between the spaces: Experts on Islam in Russia

This paper discusses the question of knowledge construction on Islam in contemporary Russia through the lens of the category of space. Many everyday categories used by Muslims to characterize their identity are linked to spatial references. Starting from the idea of locality and ending in the search of traditional forms of Islam, these categories are highly politicized in the contemporary context. The aim of this paper is to explore the intermediary space between the political and the religious fields, the space of circulation between these fields in which experts on Islam are situated. Indeed, numerous academic specialists engage in expertise on Islam by creating or recycling categories, which circulate between the secular and the religious spaces. These experts have different backgrounds, different profiles and different strategies. Their impact on religious and political processes varies too. In addition, the experts of Islam have different characteristics according to the space they act in. We will compare these experts’ discourses in various regions (Moscow, Tatarstan and Dagestan) to analyse their strategies and the way in which they relate to their environment. Besides blurring the border between the secular and the religious by ensuring a permanent circulation of categories, the experts on Islam activate political and religious notions in a different manner according to their spatial affiliation. This concerns the reference to the local or international Muslim space as well as their normative discourse on acceptable forms of Islam.

A sustained note of disquiet: On being a Christian in a predominantly Hindu India

With psychoanalytic vision, traumatic patterns in individual or collective life, carved out by wounds of the past, become increasingly visible. One such pattern in the Indian socio-political narrative is woven out of the silenced voices of its minority community. This paper picks up on experiences of being a Christian in a predominantly Hindu State, in which Christians, as perceived descendants of the coloniser responsible for the nation’s traumatic history, are unthinkingly relegated to the role of the ‘outsider’. Although India is taking leaps in its economic development, the diminishing tolerance for ethnic diversity is emerging as a blot of shame on Indian society. In recent times, attacks on Christians have become rampant, worsened by the callousness of law enforcement agencies. These attacks, typically carried out by masked assailants, serve to magnify the paranoia this community experiences. The eminent Indian social psychologist Ashis Nandy (1988) notes that, behind such movements to homogenise a society, is the political use of ‘religion-as-ideology’ (p. 178). Nandy’s countervailing concept of ‘religion-as-faith’ (p. 178) preserves space for plurality and makes everyday existence increasingly meaningful. However, religion-as-faith is dying a slow death. Fluidity in definitions of Indian selfhood is giving way to rigidification. The Christian response to these attacks typically remains ‘We are blessed, for we are tortured in His name’. In leaning on psychoanalytic thinking, this paper is a reflection on the intermediary space where the majority’s intolerance of and the minority’s submission to a ‘higher plan’ meet to co-create a narrative of terror.

Hybridity in Japanese Advertising Discourse

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the impact of cultural exchange on Japanese advertising discourse construction perpetuated through the idea of prestige. This phenomenon can be explained through the concept ofmukokuseki(Jap. 無国籍) ‘lack of nationality’, a term which encompasses the idea of transculturality in Asia. In the context of globalization, erasing the identity or any sort of national mark enhances the absorption and integration of foreign elements and leads to reconsidering aesthetic communication. Japanese advertising discourse is based more on emotional reactions rather than cognitive ones, and this can be noticed through the extensive use ofkawaii‘cute’ symbolism. Considering that the idea encompassed by the concept of “cute” is present in any culture, and its effects are more or less the same, by freeing it from any cultural or societal restraints (mukokuseki), it becomes an intermediary space where traditional, national elements can overlap foreign ones without damaging the essence of the discourse, but on the contrary. Interculturality and inbetweenness manifests not only at the visual level but also at the linguistic level through hybrid language use: the coexistence ofgairaigo(loan words) alongwago(words deriving from Japanese) andkango(words deriving from Chinese). According to several studies,gairaigoandwasei-eigo(Japanglish, English words coined in Japan) create a special effect and often serve as euphemisms. Thus, we have selected three Japanese print adverts (displayed between 2000 and 2012) in order to explain the phenomenon by focusing on their sociolinguistic function and their impact on discourse construction. Advertising discourse has surpassed its primary economic function and has come to be a statement of the global world.

“HOUSING Frankfurt Wien Stockholm”: Exhibition of 1920s–1930s Housing Initiatives

Frankfurt, Vienna and Stockholm: three European cities which played a fundamental role in the housing policies implemented during the inter-war period. The research projects and teaching activity carried out at the EPFL in the Laboratory of Construction and Conservation focuses on this specific historic context. The experiences of these three cities with regard to housing are well documented from a historical viewpoint that, however, show many shortcomings with regards to the architectural analysis. The provided examples sum up simultaneously the social dynamics, the cultural milieu, as well as the adopted intentions and political programme. The exhibition aims at producing fresh knowledge of the three contributions to modern housing available to students, scholars, professors and architectural practitioners. The goal is to compare a selection of remarkable housing neighbourhoods through the different scales of the project, ranging from the relation with the city till the dwelling unit layout. The produced drawings and documents show the morphological and typological variety. Frankfurt, Vienna and Stockholm equally illustrate different ways of designing the collective space—that is the intermediary space in-between the communal and private – which is a crucial feature of the “living together”.

A Proxemic Study of Waterfront Shophouses at the Hua Takhe Market, Bangkok, Thailand

Given that a physical environment is a manifestation of its socio-cultural context, this paper seeks to examine the development of the Hua Takhe settlement, the physical components of the community, the socio-spatial interconnection, and the spatial essences of the waterfront shophouses in relation to the ownership patterns. Based on field surveys, oral histories, and observations, the research employs Hall’s theory of space to extricate the anthropological aspects of the case studies. It is noted that different types of ownership, i.e. inherited and long-term rental, affect the physical and spatial transformations as well as the social proxemics of the shophouses. This paper concludes the intimate space, the intermediary space, the spaces in space, the dialogical space, and the communal space as the key components of the waterfront dwellings in the new context.

„… daß eine neue Welt gegründet ist und wächst“: Zur öffentlichen Rede von Gott und ihrer Wirkung

„That a New World is Founded and Grows“: On Public Speech about God and its Effect. Public religious address, especially through short texts, succeeds when a momentum appears. This comes into existence and turns into an experience of meaning when the mysterious reality of God and the familiar daily routine of the world meet and together forman intermediary space. It contains a cautious reference to tradition as well as feeling one’sway into the narrative new world which is at the same time both – an encouraging and challenging act.

Workshop: Bucharest. Reclaiming the Intermediary Space of the Porticoes

Porticoes are intermediary spaces with an important urban role. Although they are first of all spaces of passage, meant to protect the passers-by from bad weather conditions, through their configuration they also become social spaces, negotiating the relationship between street and the (usually) public functions along them. This article presents the short research and the interventions proposed by the participants at the workshop having as a theme: “Bucharest. Valorising the intermediary space of the porticoes”. The theme opened to discussion was that of valorising the porticoes on Ion Câmpineanu Street, in Bucharest, porticoes that now hardly meet their main function of protecting the people that cross them (much less auxiliary functions), being disagreeable and abusively occupied by extensions of the commercial spaces they separate from the street. After a short introduction of the event and the context of its unfolding, the article points to the role of the porticoes in the urban configuration and at a social level as well. Then we shortly present the actual status of the Bucharest porticoes (including those studied at the workshop), and at the end we publish the four projects proposed by the multidisciplinary teams of participants.

Zero-Shot Learning With Transferred Samples.

By transferring knowledge from the abundant labeled samples of known source classes, zero-shot learning (ZSL) makes it possible to train recognition models for novel target classes that have no labeled samples. Conventional ZSL approaches usually adopt a two-step recognition strategy, in which the test sample is projected into an intermediary space in the first step, and then the recognition is carried out by considering the similarity between the sample and target classes in the intermediary space. Due to this redundant intermediate transformation, information loss is unavoidable, thus degrading the performance of overall system. Rather than adopting this two-step strategy, in this paper, we propose a novel one-step recognition framework that is able to perform recognition in the original feature space by using directly trained classifiers. To address the lack of labeled samples for training supervised classifiers for the target classes, we propose to transfer samples from source classes with pseudo labels assigned, in which the transferred samples are selected based on their transferability and diversity. Moreover, to account for the unreliability of pseudo labels of transferred samples, we modify the standard support vector machine formulation such that the unreliable positive samples can be recognized and suppressed in the training phase. The entire framework is fairly general with the possibility of further extensions to several common ZSL settings. Extensive experiments on four benchmark data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, in various settings.

The Intermediation of Community and Infrastructure

The concepts of community and infrastructure reverberate throughout the information sciences. As digital information technology becomes ubiquitous in work and everyday life, scholars analyze how communities adapt to, and adapt, information infrastructure. This paper explores this topic through a cross-study of field scientists' changing data practices and of older adults learning technology. The contribution of this comparative study is the concept of an intermediary space. Both studies found individuals, referred to as intermediaries, who enable their communities to speak back to information infrastructure—that is, to have a voice in infrastructural development. In particular, the study noted the roles of those outside positions of power in the design and development of effective information infrastructure. Understanding this intermediary space involves attending to issues related to design and narrative. The implications of these findings include more effectively preparing the information sciences' workforce for these intermediary roles.

Multiple interests or unified voice? Online communities as intermediary spaces for development

While the uptake of online communities toward development purposes continues to grow, many are characterized by an unresolved tension. On the one hand, they benefit from participation of heterogeneous stakeholders in their efforts to strengthen their expertise. On the other hand, these stakeholders represent highly diverging interests, which makes collective strategic action very challenging. To understand how online communities cope with this tension, we conducted a longitudinal, mixed method case study of an online community focused on development transportation. We argue that online communities are uniquely equipped, through their fluidity and open-endedness, to enable knowledge creation and agenda-setting. In so doing, online communities afford an ‘intermediary space’ that simultaneously accommodates both convergence and divergence of interests. Our study strengthens the bridge between information systems research and development studies, by highlighting the potential of ICT uptake toward ‘remaking participation’ in development debate, while including the perspectives of heterogeneous interest groups.

Transsexuality as Aesthetic Experience

Transsexuality as Aesthetic Experience

‘On the outskirts of the Empire’: Joseph Brodsky and Lithuania

ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of Lithuania in Joseph Brodsky’s life and works before and after his exile from Russia in 1972. As a former Soviet republic, Lithuania represented an intermediary space for Brodsky both culturally and geographically, contributing to his realization that it was a ‘rehearsal’ for his actual emigration. However, Brodsky’s notion of Lithuania changes when, after 1972, instead of representing a simulacrum of the ‘abroad,’ the poet sees Lithuania as a ‘home’ from afar. Emigration, in Brodsky’s case, thus became a realization of the myth of exile implicit in his earlier texts about Lithuania.

On (not) giving up: animals, biopolitics, and the impersonal in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace

This article examines how David Lurie's peculiar inability to grasp his increasing intimacy with animals in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace marks a significant departure from Coetzee's treatment of human–animal relations in other texts. If The Lives of Animals considers changing how human beings treat animals by focusing on rights, empathy, and the imagination oriented around ‘the person’ as individual subject, then Disgrace documents a strikingly different process via the ‘impersonal’, whereby an intermediary space between the personal and non-personal emerges in order to accommodate human and non-human animals alike. Lurie's curiously opaque experience can thus be accounted for, first, by Coetzee's career-long use of narrative strategies that displace the authority of the person as writer or character and, second, by recent discussions of the animal as a philosophical category by biopolitical analysts such as Roberto Esposito, who has staked out the impersonal as the most promising strategy for expanding the human political franchise. Extending Esposito's project to include animals themselves, this essay argues, can align it with Coetzee's portrayal of Lurie's transformation, while also offering ways to recast the problematic relation between Coetzee's stress on ethical responsibility and the prospect of political change in his work as a whole.

The hidden level in space and time: the vertical shaft in the royal tombs of the zhongshan kingdom in late eastern zhou (475–221 bce) china

ABSTRACTAmong the best preserved royal tombs in early China, the tombs of the Zhongshan state (dated to the late fourth to early third centuries BCE) in present-day Pingshan county each featured a concealed earthen shaft in the middle of the tomb. Constructed with rammed earth, this gigantic structure was located above the underground burial chamber, where the deceased's casket and body were located, and below the freestanding offering hall that housed the deceased's soul. Although this empty shaft would eventually be buried and become invisible, it was carefully embellished and sometimes even decorated with false architectural elements. What role did this seemingly superfluous “hidden level” play in the tomb and what meaning did it express? Previous scholarship failed to provide a satisfactory answer to these questions due to its blindness to the shaft's function in the entire architectural space and ritual time. From the hitherto ignored spatial and temporal perspective, this article argues that this prominent ritual structure forms an intermediary space: (1) spatially it links the underground burial chamber (i.e. body) and the top freestanding offering hall (i.e. soul); (2) temporally it forms a passage that symbolically guides the soul to ascend from the underground realm upward to the high offering hall. In doing so, this article examines not only the shaft itself, but also its relationships to the structures below and above it to reveal its forgotten intermediary function. Four problems are discussed: (1) how the architectural elements in the upper shaft simulated real architecture; (2) how the shaft connected the burial chamber with the offering hall to assume its mediating role between the divorced body and soul; (3) how the shaft was built to facilitate the upward ascension of the deceased's soul. (4) Finally, this article concludes that the appearance of these shafts indicates a concrete effort to resolve the contradictory notion of posthumous life—life and death at once, which is unexplained in surviving Eastern Zhou texts.

English

The presence of Civil Society in Greece is lean even though the cultivation of the values of social solidarity and volunteerism they are notably developed. It is necessary to avoid jeopardizing the main traits of Civil Society, which are independence, diversity and their effectiveness. According to professor D. Dimitrakos, the Civil Society is the intermediary space between the state and citizen, the retainer in the state and at the same time a space of free participation in a social and political entity. The citizen relies on this in order to perform his rights and on the other hand the society of citizens assists the state, provided that this functions within a frame of consensus. The Civil Society is a result of Western political philosophy and assisted in the abolition of slavery, in the emergence of the role of women, in formation of syndicalism, in the protection of people with disabilities and others. In the modern period, the term was first used by the philosophers Marx, Engels and Gramsci, in order to denote the private sphere of activity of individuals in the frame of society, contrary to the state’s sphere of activities. Surveys demonstrate that 30% of Europeans declare that they are willing to undertake voluntary action. Worldwide, there are around 19 millions workers in NGOs and countless volunteers. The human personnel comprise permanent personnel, circumstantial partners and volunteers. Citizens and especially those that have expertise in the areas they operate in, are eligible to become members of NGOs, in order to help promote their goals. In the globalized reality, which leads to increased competitiveness, proper management of human resources is particularly important for all the executives of NGOs. In this proposal we will try to show how NGOs can manage and develop their human potential. Key words: Non-Governmental Organization, human resource management, civil society, volunteer, volunteering.

Derrida and the Power of Words

One must constitute a lexicon. Not a dictionary of scholarly terms, an anthology of chosen words that determines a thinking, that founds a school, but a collection of statements that allows ordinary or natural language to cast itself as philosophical language. According to a certain reading of Derrida, rethinking philosophy, its history, its texts, its authors, rethinking the metaphysical discourse of philosophy comes down to constituting a new lexicon, providing oneself with, as it were, new weapons or new tools for moving forward, for acting or for writing. Of course, this lexicon is open. It can go from a word to a phrase, from ‘deconstruction’ to ‘every (bit) other is an other [tout autre est un autre]’, for example, but also from an argument (such as ‘the supplement of (at) the origin’) to an entire text. Now, what interests me in the construction of a lexicon is the power it gives to the word, or even more, as Derrida himself would say, the recognition of the power of words: the power to say, obviously, the power to do, as well as the power to undo, to counter, to contradict, and especially this quasiphantasmatic power to bring about [de faire venir]. There is always a spectral dimension in the name, in the word that names something or someone. Before designating a thing, an object already there, already thought or represented, the word summons, calls or brings something into existence. And what interests me in this summoning gesture, in this spectrality of the name, is that it always occupies a paradoxical, liminal or, as Derrida says, an ‘abyssal’ space. It is an intermediary space that gives all of its meaning to the lexical function of a philosophical language. One must take on the lexical construction of the power of words. Since this power, this force, this

Famine, home, and transatlantic politics in two late nineteenth-century Irish-American novels

This article analyzes the continuing tensions and influences between political and nationalist self-representations of the Irish in the USA and the Irish in Ireland in James Doran's Zanthon and John Brennan's Erin Mor. As this essay shows, the ostensibly Irish (nationalist) ideologies of these texts are fundamentally transatlantic by nature. They are projected as an interface between Irish nationalism, current American affairs and politics, and British imperial ideology. As such, these texts construct a liminal discourse of transatlantic Irish nationalism, creating an intermediary discursive space between host country, home, and Empire. Instead of merely describing the Irish diaspora as a community of exiles or a victim diaspora, these works of fiction show that through the infusion or appropriation of North American ideals, the Irish nation could be (re)forged, at home or abroad. Moreover, on a more thematic level, both Doran and Brennan's political philosophies interact with political ideologies of the late 1880s and early 1890s, elaborating their own takes on the interrelations between the rhetoric of liberty and economic policy central to the political debate in the USA during the latter part of the nineteenth century. With their double message for both the USA and Ireland, these texts thus forge a genuinely transatlantic Irish transnationalism.