Interleukin-6 In Patients Research Articles

P0578 The relationship between the concentration of D-dimer and interleukin-6 in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Abstract Background In patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), there was a more frequent development of thromboembolic complications, which is due to an increased concentration of procoagulants and proinflammatory cytokines. Aim to determine the concentration of D-dimer and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with total ulcerative colitis (UC) during the period of exacerbation and remission of the disease and establish a link between them. Methods The study included 38 patients with severe total ulcerative colitis (UC) with exacerbation and 40 patients with total ulcerative colitis in remission. The concentration of D-dimer [N=0.0-0.50 mcg/ml] and the concentration of IL-6 [N=0.0-12.7 pg/ml] were determined in all patients. Correlation analysis of IL-6 concentration and D-dimer concentration in UC patients during remission and during exacerbation was carried out. Results The concentration of D-dimer in the group of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) during remission ranged from 0.04 to 0.08 mcg/ml on average 0.06±0.01 mcg/ml, the concentration of IL-6 ranged from 4.6–21.3 pg/ml, the average value was 11.4 ± 0.2 pg/ml. A moderate correlation was established between the level of D-dimer and the concentration of IL-6 (r = 0.65; p < 0.001) in UC patients during remission of the disease. The concentration of D-dimer in the group of patients with UC during the exacerbation period ranged from 1.0 to 3.8 mcg/ml on average 1.9±0.1 mcg/ml, the concentration of IL-6 ranged from 11.5–34.5 pg/ml, the average value was 18.95 ±0.8 pg/ml, which is significantly higher than during remission UC (p< 0.001). A strong correlation was established between the level of D-dimer and the concentration of IL-6 (r=0.88; p< 0.001) in UC patients during exacerbation. Conclusion In patients with UC during exacerbation, the concentration of D-dimer and IL-6 is significantly increased compared to the concentration of D-dimer and IL-6 during remission and has a strong correlation.

Salivary Levels of Interleukin-17 in Iranian Patients With Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare immune-mediated rheumatic disease in which the skin, muscles, blood vessels, and internal organs are damaged through chronic inflammation. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and plays a critical role in many inflammatory conditions. This study aims to assess the salivary IL-17 levels in Iranian patients with SSc. In this cross-sectional study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with SSc (n=80) and age- and sex- matched healthy individuals (n=80). The salivary levels of IL-17 in all samples were measured using a commercially available enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The mean salivary levels of IL-17 in patients with SSc were significantly higher than the control group (199.6±38.9 pg/mL vs. 112.7±39.4 pg/mL, P<0.0001). IL-17 in the patient group had a significant positive correlation with anticentromere antibody (ACA) concentration (r=0.875, P<0.0001). The salivary levels of IL-17 showed no significant differences between males and females. Based on the results, salivary levels of IL-17 could be considered a good marker to differentiate patients with SSc from healthy subjects. Considering the role of this inflammatory cytokine in tissue inflammation and its association with ACA concentration, IL-17 might be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc; however, further comprehensive studies are needed to confirm our findings.

The impact of drug eluting stents on the co-release of interleukin-6 in patients with stable angina

Background: Drug-eluting stents represent an important revolution in the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, the mechanical trauma of stent deployment can trigger vascular injury and inflammatory cytokine cascades, potentially precipitating in-stent restenosis. The release of cytokines is not firmly established in patients with stable angina. Aims: To evaluate the acute effect of drug-eluting stents on the acute inflammatory response in patients with stable angina by quantifying interleukin-6 levels. Methods and materials: A single-centre exploratory study was conducted on 13 patients with stable angina undergoing elective angioplasty. Arterial blood samples were collected before angioplasty and directly after angioplasty. Additionally, venous blood samples were collected 24 hours post-angioplasty. Concentrations of interleukin-6 were analysed to assess changes in the acute inflammatory response. Results: IL-6 concentration significantly increased immediately after stent placement (5.95 ± 0.49 pg/ml, p = <0.05) and 24 hours post-stent placement (8.96 ± 1.16 pg/ml, p= <0.01). Gender-based analysis indicated significant increases in IL-6 levels in males post-stent placement (5.94 ± 0.08 pg/ml, p= < 0.05) and 24 hours post-stent placement (7.27 ± 0.56 pg/ml, p= < 0.01). Statin medication significantly reduced IL-6 expression in patients at baseline (3.27 ± 0.71 pg/ml versus 5.44 ± 0.18 pg/ml, p= < 0.05), but this distinction diminished rapidly after stent insertion, resulting in comparable IL-6 levels at 24 hours post-stent insertion in both groups. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 levels markedly increased immediately after coronary stenting, suggesting its role as an early initiator of the inflammatory response to coronary stenting. While limited by sample size, it lays the groundwork for larger, more comprehensive research to optimize drug-eluting stents outcomes and inflammatory management.

Prognostic Value of Serum Interleukin-37 in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is prominently characterized by uncontrolled inflammation and high mortality. The effect of interleukin-37 (IL-37) on the prognosis of ARDS remains unclear. Methods This prospective cohort study detected and analyzed serum IL-37 levels on day 1 (baseline) in 128 patients with ARDS and 40 healthy controls, and on day 7 in patients with ARDS. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assayed. Survival status was tracked within 28-d of enrollment. Results BaselineIL-37 concentration was lower in non-survivors (135.00 [87.75, 198.75] pg/mL) than in survivors (250.50 [173.25, 382.75] pg/mL) (p < .05). Non-survivors displayed a greater reduction in IL-37 levels from day 1–7 than survivors (49.87% vs. 40.09%) (p < .05). Baseline IL-37 levels were negatively associated with C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and IL-6 levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the baseline level and percentage decline in IL-37 was 0.755 and 0.809, respectively, for predicting 28-d mortality. Combining IL-37 with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score further improved mortality prediction capability. Patients with ARDS with low IL-37 concentrations (<143.00 pg/mL) or a high percentage decline (≥44.76%) had a poorer survival rate than those with a high concentration or low percentage decline. The baseline IL-37 level and percentage decline independently predicted mortality in a univariate Cox regression model (p < .05). Conclusions A low IL-37 level or significantly declining rate predicts higher 28-d mortality in patients with ARDS, indicating that IL-37 may be a promising prognostic biomarker.

Intra-Individual Reproducibility of Early and Late C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Non-Severe Ischaemic Stroke and Carotid Atherosclerosis

Plain Language SummaryInflammatory blood markers (like CRP and IL-6) are associated with strokes, heart attacks, and death from cardiovascular causes. New anti-inflammatory medications may play a future role in reducing these risks after stroke. It is likely we will select patients for new anti-inflammatory therapies based on their high level of blood inflammatory markers. However, little is known about the behaviour of these inflammatory markers over time after stroke. In a cohort of 95 patients who had minor stroke or TIA caused by carotid atherosclerosis, we measured blood inflammatory markers within 2 weeks of their stroke event and again 5 years later. We found that there was low agreement between the levels post-stroke compared to 5 years later. However, when we divided the blood markers into categories (high or low), about two-thirds of patients stayed in the same category over time. When we compared our results to blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein levels, the agreement was also poor for those risk factors, even though these are measured routinely in stroke clinics. We describe factors that may contribute to the variability we observed, some of which may be stroke specific (remodelling of atherosclerotic plaques or confounding by inflammation related to stroke size or severity). We encourage investigators to standardise measurement of blood inflammatory proteins in future studies as the optimal time to measure inflammatory markers after stroke remains unknown. We also do not know what cut-off levels of inflammatory markers should be used to predict risk after stroke.

Correlation between Myeloperoxidase and Interleukin-6 of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Thi-Qar Governorate

Abstract This research aimed to detect the relationship between Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The present study has been conducted on a number of healthy people and patients. Group A: 84 patients Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (mild, mod and sever) with high blood pressure [47 male, 37 female] and age range (40 - 65). Group B: control group, consist of 64 healthy people [33 male, 31 female] and age range (40 - 65). The findings from the current research indicated a notable rise in levels of serum MPO and serum IL-6 among patient groups when compared with the control group (P≤0.05). Results indicated that there was a positive correlation between MPO with IL-6 in patients with OSAS. OSA patients show high serum myeloperoxidase and serum interleukin-6 concentrations, which signal heightened systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. These factors, part of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease are important risk predictors to measure in OSA patients: this can be helpful for early diagnosis of the disease.

Invastigate The Serum Level of Interleukin-4 In Patients with Chronic Rhinosinositis with Nasal Polyps and Healthy Individuals

Objective: Interleukin-4 plays several biological roles, including stimulating the proliferation of activated B and T cells and differentiating B cells into plasma cells. This study aimed to determine whether the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) is associated with serum levels of interleukin-4. Patients and Methods: a blood samples from 35 Iraqi patients—21 men and 14 women—who had nasal polyps as well as a control group of 35 healthy volunteers were collected. The serum was then separated in a plain tube, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to determine the optical density of Interleukin-4 in the serum (ELISA) Results: Serum levels of interleukin-4 were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation between serum interleukin-4 levels and age or gender in either group. Conclusions: Individuals who have NPs had elevated degrees of IL-4

Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the effectiveness of acupuncture for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Nine online databases were searched: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, China Clinical Trial Centre, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search period was from the establishment of the database to 1 September 2023. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, and the data were analyzed using STATA/MP17 and Review Manager 5.3 software. A total of 221 articles were identified, and 13 studies were included. The total sample size was 899, including 452 and 447 cases in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with modern medical treatment was effective in improving urinary albumin excretion rate, 24 h urinary microalbumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-prandial plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 in patients with DN. Adverse events were reported in only one trial; therefore, this review cannot yet conclude on the safety of acupuncture intervention in DN. The clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with modern medicine in DN is superior to that of modern medicine alone. To better evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture intervention for DN, more rigorously designed large-sample, multicentre, randomized controlled trials are needed to provide evidence support in the future.

Interleukin-1β, interleukin-1Ra, and interleukin-8 in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A correlation between vaccination and clinical outcome

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was responsible for the pandemic decreed on March 11, 2020. Here, we investigated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1&amp;beta;, IL-8, and IL-1RN in samples collected from patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection, who were vaccinated or unvaccinated. This investigation was designed as a qualitative, cross-sectional, comparative, and randomized observational study. Samples were collected through nasal/oral swabs from patients symptomatic for influenza syndrome or SARS. Patients were categorized into three groups: DVAC (patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinated), DNVAC (patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and not vaccinated), and ND (patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection). SARS-CoV-2 was detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene expressions of IL-1&amp;beta;, IL-8, and IL-1RN were also evaluated using RT-PCR. Statistically significant differences in IL-8 expression were observed among the study groups (P = 0.033); moreover, clinical signs and symptoms, frequency of hospitalizations, and need for intensive care units showed significant differences. These differences were noted in the DVAC group compared with those in the DNVAC and ND groups. Patients with COVID-19 showed reduced IL-8 expression compared with those with other diseases that also cause influenza syndrome or SARS. These results suggested that the severity of clinical manifestations of patients with COVID-19 reduced after the initial two doses of the CoronaVac/Sinovac vaccine. Moreover, this vaccine reduced mortality and lethality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Serum levels of Interleukin-6 in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus and their correlation with biochemical liver markers

Serum levels of Interleukin-6 in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus and their correlation with biochemical liver markers

Circulating Interleukin-22 in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) represents an important clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is characterized by a particularly poor prognosis. Myocardial reperfusion through primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is imperative in the event of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Interleukin-22 (IL-22) regulates immune and inflammatory responses. This interleukin has been described in the scenario of the CAD, but there are no data in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. Objectives: The goals of this study were to investigate the differences in circulating IL-22 levels between patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI and healthy controls and to determine whether these differences were associated with the culprit coronary artery, door-to-balloon time (DBT), final angiographic result, CAD classification, and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A total of 280 participants were recruited, comprising 210 STEMI cases and 70 healthy controls. Participants underwent clinical and angiographic evaluations, and serum IL-22 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher tests, with p < 0.05 indicating significance. Results: Serum IL-22 levels were lower in cases (149.63, 84.99-294.56) than in the controls (482.67, 344.33-641.00); p < 0.001. Lower IL-22 levels were associated with the right coronary artery (RCA) (144.57, 70.84-242.43; 146.00, 63.60-279.67; 191.71, 121.80-388.97); p = 0.033. IL-22 was lower with shorter DBT (≤60 min, 106.00, 49.60-171.71; >60 min, 153.00, 88.86-313.60); p = 0.043. Conclusions: IL-22 levels were significantly lower in patients with STEMI than in healthy controls.

Efficacy of various combined treatment regimens in patients with stable effort angina, functional classes II-III

Introduction: Inflammation and metabolic disorders of cardiomyocytes are undoubtedly important pathogenetic links in the development of coronary heart disease and its complications. Our study assessed the effect of various combined treatment regimens on cycle ergometry performance and plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins in patients with stable effort angina, functional classes II-III. Materials and Methods: The clinical study included 120 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease: stable effort angina, functional classes II–III, and 40 healthy participants who met the inclusion criteria. Further, four groups were randomly formed: a group receiving the standard treatment; a group receiving Mexicor for 10 days in addition to the standard treatment; a group receiving Mexicor and Phosphogliv for 10 days in an addition to the standard treatment; and a group receiving Mexicor and Polyoxidonium for 10 days in addition to the standard treatment. After the treatment, cycle ergometry performance and plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the patients. Mathematical statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica 10.0 software. The statistical significance of differences between the qualitative indicators was assessed using the χ2 test. The results of the statistical analysis were considered statistically significant at p&lt;0.05. Results: The combined treatment with using the above-mentioned pharmacological agents resulted in a statistically significant improvement in cycle ergometry indicators: Mexicor made it possible to increase the threshold load power by 43.0% and the total load power – by 70.3%. In the groups of patients with coronary heart disease who had received Mexicor and Phosphogliv or Mexicor and Polyoxidonium, there was an increase in the load duration by an average of 69.0% and in the rate-pressure product – by 25%, respectively. When analyzing the dynamics of plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, it was found that a statistically significant decrease in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 was registered only in the groups receiving Mexicor and Phosphogliv or Mexicorand Polyoxidonium in addition to the standard treatment. Conclusion: Applying the combined treatment regimens using Mexicor and Phosphogliv or Polyoxidonium results in the most effective improvement of the cycle ergometry performance and the dynamics of plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins in patients with stable effort angina, functional classes II-III.

The Assessment of IL-4 and IgG1 Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis: A Serological Study in Hilla City, Iraq

Abstract Background: Periodontal disease, which has a complex etiology, is prevalent and influenced by several factors, including microorganism invasion, host health, and external environmental factors, contributing to its development. It is unknown whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are related. Objectives: The current study aims to assess the relationship between periodontitis and RA by measuring the concentrations of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in patients’ serum and quantifying Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients with periodontitis, RA, and healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IgG1 in the serum samples were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The identification of subgingival plaque bacteria is made by using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: The results showed the levels of IgG1 were high in healthy people compared to those with periodontitis and those with periodontitis and arthritis, where the levels in healthy people were 2.3 ± 0.28, 2.06 ± 0.55, 2.05 ± 2.34, 1.82 ± 0.77 in the age groups 41:50, 20:30, 51:60, 31:40, respectively. It was found that there are significant differences between the values of IgG1 and IL-4 in patients with periodontitis at P ≤ 0.05 which is considered a differential sign. Conclusion: The concentrations of IL-4 and IgG1 are decreased in patients (periodontitis and periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis) compared to their concentrations in healthy people. Thus, we indicate IL-4 was related to reducing the severity of periodontitis disease and RA.

Association of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 levels in lateralized temporal epilepsy patients.

To explore the clinical significance of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in the development of lateralized temporal epilepsy. The prospective study was conducted from January to April of 2022 at the Neurology Department of Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkey, and comprised patients with lateralized temporal epilepsy aged 18-86 years who were in the interictal period in group A and healthy controls in group B. The levels of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 of patients in both groups were compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Of the 92 subjects, 60(65.2%) were in group A; 35(58.3%) were males and 25(41.7%) were females with a median age of 37.5 years (interquartile range: 2.2-42.7 years). There were 32(34.8%) subjects in group B; 19(40.6%) females and 13(40.6%) males with a median age of 40.5 years (interquartile range: 25-50 years) (p>0.05). Within group A, 41(68.3%) patients had left-sided epilepsy and 19(31.7%) had right-sided epilepsy (p<0.001). Both interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 levels were lower in group A than in group B (p<0.001). Both interleukin levels did not significantly differ between right and leftlateralised temporal seizures (p=0.44). In the left-lateralized temporal seizures, interleukin-1 levels correlated with epilepsy duration (p<0.006), lower onset age (p<0.050), and presence of prenatal risk (p<0.028). Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 levels were positively correlated with each other for lateralized temporal epileptic hemispheres (p<0.001). Interleukin-1 level was correlated with epilepsy duration, lower onset age, and presence of prenatal risk in the left-lateralized temporal epilepsy.

Effect of Statins on Serum Levels of TNF-alpha and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Kidney Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Some clinical trials have indicated the beneficial effects of statins in patients with kidney disease, while others have reported no positive effect of statins in these patients. We conducted this meta-analysis to identify the effects of statins on serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in patients with kidney disease. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify all studies published from inception to August, 2022. The major outcome variable was the Weighted Mean Difference (WMD). Eligible studies were stratified based on target population, intervention duration, dosage and type of statins, and solubility of statins. Meta-analysis performed on seven publications (8 studies), including 213 patients with kidney disease and 188 control individuals, indicated that the concentration of IL-6 was marginally decreased in patients with kidney disease following statin therapy disease (WMD = -1.15 pg/mL; 95% CI = -2.33 to 0.04, P = 0.05, I2 = 68.5%). The findings of subgroup analysis based on the dosage of statins showed that neither highintensity nor moderate/low-intensity statin treatment could significantly influence the serum level of IL-6. Lipophilic statins were more effective than hydrophilic statins, and they marginally decreased the levels of IL-6 (WMD = -1.21 pg/mL; 95% CI = -2.43 to 0, P = 0.05, I2 = 55.7%). Meta-analysis of four publications (five studies) with 157 patients with kidney disease and 132 control subjects showed that statins reduced the serum levels of TNF-α in patients with kidney disease when compared with control individuals (WMD= -2.66 pg/mL; 95% CI = -4.26 to -1.06, P < 0.001, I2 = 63%). Statins only marginally decreased the concentration of IL-6 in patients with kidney disease, but neither high-intensity nor moderate/low-intensity statin treatment could significantly influence the level of IL-6. However, statins reduced serum levels of TNF-α in patients with kidney disease.

Systemic low-grade C-reactive protein is associated with proximal symptom spread in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Neuropathic pain is a highly prevalent condition associated with persistent disability. Some patients with neuropathic pain experience symptom spread outside neuroanatomical boundaries; these patients report more severe sensory symptoms and greater disability. However, the mechanisms behind such symptom spread are not fully understood. We used pre-surgical carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as a human model system of neuropathic pain to identify differences in the concentration of serologic inflammatory mediators between patients with CTS with territorial symptoms and those with proximal symptom spread to either the elbow or shoulder/neck. We performed a post-hoc analysis, comparing levels of serologic inflammatory mediators in a discovery cohort among 3 symptoms spread profiles (n = 55; n = 25 no spread, n = 21 spread to elbow, n = 9 spread to shoulder/neck). We then de-novo analysed the significantly dysregulated mediators in an independent validation cohort (n = 72; n = 34 no spread, n = 16 spread to elbow, n = 22 spread to shoulder/neck). The discovery cohort revealed higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 in patients with any symptom spread proximal to the wrist; interferon-γ was higher in patients with symptom spread to the elbow compared with those without proximal spread. The validation study replicated the association of higher CRP concentrations in patients with proximal spread to the elbow (no spread: median [interquartile range] 2.5 [5.4]; spread to elbow 6.2 [4.6]; spread to shoulder/neck 2.6 [3.7], P = 0.006). No other markers replicated in the validation cohort. Our findings suggest that proximal symptom spread in the context of neuropathic symptoms is associated with low-grade inflammation.

Salivary interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with celiac disease and periodontitis.

An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and inflammation was documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 in patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet, both with and without periodontitis, and to compare these levels with those in healthy individuals. The study involved 23 participants with serologically confirmed celiac disease (CD) and 23 control subjects. The CD patients had been following a gluten-free diet (GFD) for a minimum of 1 year and had no other autoimmune disorders. The research involved collecting demographic data, conducting periodontal examinations, gathering unstimulated whole saliva, and performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure salivary interleukin-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 levels. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to explore the relationships between CD markers in patients on a GFD and their periodontal clinical findings. The periodontal findings indicated significantly lower values in celiac disease patients adhering to a gluten-free diet compared to control subjects (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in salivary IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-1B levels between celiac disease patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of all interleukins were elevated in periodontitis patients in both the celiac and control groups. The IL-1 Beta level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis patients in the control group (p = 0.035). Significant negative correlations were observed between serum IgA levels and plaque index (r = -0.460, p = 0.010), as well as gingival index (r = -0.396, p = 0.030) in CD patients on a gluten-free diet. Celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet exhibited better periodontal health compared to control subjects. However, increased levels of salivary IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-1B levels were associated with periodontitis. Additionally, serum IgA level was significantly inversely associated with periodontitis clinical manifestations and with salivary inflammatory mediators in CD patients on GFD.

Role of Interleukin-1 in Patients with Pott's's Spine

Role of Interleukin-1 in Patients with Pott's's Spine

Immunological Assessment of Interleukin-6 in Patients with Gastric (Stomach) Ulceration of Acute and Chronic Types in Babylon Province

Stomach ulcers have emerged as a serious public health concern. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in individuals with chronic and acute gastric ulcers will be examined in this study. Sixty blood samples were obtained from participants in the research. The Marjan Teaching Hospital, Al-Sadiq Hospital in Babylon Province, Iraq, treated forty patients having stomach ulcer surgery between March and November 2023; the control group consisted of twenty individuals. A high mean value for IL-6 concentration was seen in both the chronic and acute patient groups compared to the control group (44.1 ± 28.6 pg/ml) for chronic patient and (30.2 ± 15.4 pg/ml) for acute patients with significant differences(P&lt;0.05). The results conducted a noteworthy rise in the level of interleukin-6 in the age group of 71–80 years, with a mean value of 10.9±9.02 pg/ml, compared to other age groups. Additionally, when considering gender, it was observed that males had a higher mean value of 73.4±30.60 pg/ml, while females had a similar mean value of 73.4±30.60 pg/ml. These findings were found to be statistically significant (P&lt;0.05).

Interleukin 1 Alpha Gene Polymorphism in Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy Treatment

Abstract Background: The interleukin 1 (IL-1) family of cytokines is essential for triggering and controlling immunological and inflammatory responses. We believe the levels of these cytokines in breast tumor homogenates relate to other known prognosticators of patient survival. Objectives: The association between the risk of breast tumors and the IL-1 alpha −889 C&gt;T Promoter Primer polymorphism has been established. Interleukin 1 alpha −889 C&gt;T Promoter Primer has been proven to influence breast tumor susceptibility. Our research aimed to determine whether the IL-1 alpha −889 C&gt;T Promoter Primer gene polymorphism and susceptibility to Breast cancers (BCs) are related. Materials and Methods: The genotype frequencies of the IL-1 alpha −889 C&gt;T Promoter Primer polymorphism were compared between 100 BC cases and 50 controls with the assistance of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Additional multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the level of IL-1 in patients’ blood and to examine the association between the IL-1 alpha −889 C&gt;T Promoter Primer polymorphism and BC risk utilizing the ELISA technique after therapy. Results: The concentration of CA 15-3 in patients with BC was 101.107 increase significantly compare with mean of control group was 62.802, in chemotherapy patients genotype frequencies of TT, CT, CC of IL-1 alpha −889 C&gt;T gene polymorphism where it patients with genotype TT were affected by breast tumors approximately one time comparison with patients having genotype CT (odd ratio = 1.50 and 0.91). Conclusion: Concentration of CA 15-3 increase in patients after chemotherapy compared with healthy, The IL-1 alpha −889 C&gt;T polymorphism affects breast tumors in women.