Interleaved DC-DC Converter Research Articles

Comparison of digital PWM control strategies for high‐power interleaved DC–DC converters

This paper evaluates three PWM digital control approaches to achieve the current sharing between phases in high power dual interleaved DC-DC converters. The implementation of a digital peak current, multi-sample averaged current and an enhanced single-sample averaged current control in a TMS320F28377D is described. Experimental results from a 60 kW, 75 kHz silicon carbide DC-DC converter are used to evaluate the steady-state and dynamic performance of the three control methods. Overall the best performance in terms of tracking and speed of response was achieved by the enhanced single-sample method. The multi-sampled technique is recommended for applications needing high tracking accuracy; however this is at the expense of the slowest dynamic response. The fastest dynamic response was achieved by the digital peak current control, but this is limited by poor noise immunity and instability for duty-ratios in the region of 0.5.

Analysis of Dual Interleaved Converter with Coupled Inductor

This paper deals with the analysis of buck interleaved DC-DC converter with a coupled inductor on the same magnetic core. The advantage of the coupled inductor over the non-coupled case is investigated. The current ripple equations as an output current for the buck operation mode and the ripple current in individual phase of the interleaved converter using coupled inductor are explained analytically and supported by simulation and experimental results. The novelty of the paper is an investigation of current ripples of interleaved buck converter operated over 50 % of duty ratio and utilization of the converter in the application of electric drive vehicle.

High voltage gain multiphase interleaved DC-DC converter for DC micro grid application using ıntelligent control

This paper presents Multiphase Interleaved Boost Converter (MIBC) with Voltage Multiplier Cell (VMC) supplied for DC micro grid application. The main focus of this research is to increase the voltage gain and reduce the voltage stress across the switch. The improvement in voltage gain is acheievd by recycling the stored energy in the inductor, VMC and voltage lift capacitor. In the proposed MIBC the input current is divided among the three converters. Hence, the rating of devices used in the converter can be reduced, which in turn minimises the ohmic loss of the switch. In addition, the interleaved converter decreases the voltage stress across the switch. The MIBC is compared with existing converters for various parameters such as voltage gain, voltage stress of the main switch and diode and the number of components used. The hardware is implemented for the propoosed MIBC to validate performance in real time application.

A Novel Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Reduced Loss for Fuel Cell Vehicle Application

A Novel Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Reduced Loss for Fuel Cell Vehicle Application

Interleaved DC-DC Converter with Discrete Duty Cycle and Open Loop Control

Abstract The authors present the control principle of the multiphase interleaved DC-DC converter that can be used to vastly reduce output current ripple of the converter. The control algorithm can be easily implemented by using microcontroller without current loop in each phase. The converter works in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) but close to boundary conduction mode (BCM). The DC-DC converter with such a control algorithm is useful in applications that do not require precise current adjustment. The prototype of the converter has been built. The experimental results of the current ripple are presented in the paper.

A Feed-Forward Control Realizing Fast Response for Three-Branch Interleaved DC-DC Converter in DC Microgrid

It is a common practice for storage batteries to be connected to DC microgrid buses through DC-DC converters for voltage support on islanded operation mode. A feed-forward control based dual-loop constant voltage PI control for three-branch interleaved DC-DC converters (TIDC) is proposed for storage batteries in DC microgrids. The working principle of TIDC is analyzed, and the factors influencing the response rate based on the dual-loop constant voltage control for TIDC are discussed, and then the method of feed-forward control for TIDC is studied to improve the response rate for load changing. A prototype of the TIDC is developed and an experimental platform is built. The experiment results show that DC bus voltage sags or swells caused by load changing can be reduced and the time for voltage recovery can be decreased significantly with the proposed feed-forward control.

Coupled Inductor Based Soft Switched Interleaved DC-DC Converter for PV Applications

Interleaved DC-DC converter topologies are gaining popularity for their use as an interface between photovoltaic (PV) source and load. In this paper, a family of coupled inductor (CI) based novel soft switched interleaved DC-DC converter topologies has been proposed to be used for PV application. The topology has been developed from the interleaved stage so as to reduce the input current ripple. The CI stage has been introduced to enhance the power handling capability of the converter. In addition, diode-capacitor multiplier (DCM) cells are connected to obtain higher voltage gain. Since voltage gain extension is obtained through DCM cells and the turns-ratio of the CI, the voltage stress on the main power switches is only a fraction of the output voltage. Further, the diodes present in each DCM cell need to withstand only a low reverse voltage. To enhance the operating power conversion efficiency, the power switches are turned ON under zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition. Experimental results obtained from a 20V-360V, 200W prototype converter validate the operating principle and the advantageous features of the developed topology.

Solar PV System for Energy Conservation Incorporating an MPPT Based on Computational Intelligent Techniques Supplying Brushless DC Motor Drive

This paper proposes an effective Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller being incorporated into a solar Photovoltaic system supplying a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive as the load. The MPPT controller makes use of a Genetic Assisted Radial Basis Function Neural Network based technique that includes a high step up Interleaved DC-DC converter. The BLDC motor combines a controller with a Proportional Integral (PI) speed control loop. MATLAB/Simulink has been used to construct the dynamic model and simulate the system. The solar Photovoltaic system uses Genetic Assisted-Radial Basis Function-Neural Network (GA-RBF-NN) where the output signal governs the DC-DC boost converters to accomplish the MPPT. This proposed GA-RBF-NN based MPPT controller produces an average power increase of 26.37% and faster response time.

Solar powered closed-loop controlled fuzzy logic-based three-stage interleaved DC-DC boost converter with an inverter

This paper presents a novel solar powered, fuzzy logic controlled closed-loop three-stage DC-DC boost converter connected in interleaved fashion. In this paper, along with the interleaved boost converter ILBC principle, simulation of closed-loop three-stage ILBC with R-load is done with inverter at the output stage. Closed-loop control design is implemented using fuzzy controller. Also, comparison of solar powered three-stage closed-loop interleaved DC-DC converter with PID as well as fuzzy logic controller is done. The simulation waveforms are displayed. The simulations are done with MATLAB/Simulink. The design along with simulation of the proposed converter is done. The validity of this software study is conformed to the hardware prototype using a PIC microcontroller with a DC input voltage of 12 V and boosted to 30 V AC.

Digital Control of Variable Frequency Interleaved DC-DC Converter

This paper represents a design and implementation of a digital control of variable frequency interleaved DC-DC converter using a digital signal processor (DSP). The digital PWM generation, current and voltage sensing, user interface and the new period and pulse width value calculation with DSP STM32F407VGT6 are considered. Typically, the multiphase interleaved DC - DC converters require a current control loop in each phase to avoid imbalanced current between phases. This increases system costs and control complexity. In this paper the converter which operates in discontinuous conduction mode is designed in order to reduce costs and remove the current control loop in each phase. High current ripples associated with this mode operation are then alleviated by interleaving. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is one of the most conventional modulation techniques for switching DC - DC converters. It compares the error signal with the sawtooth wave to generate the control pulse. This paper shows how six PWM signals phase-shifted by 60 degrees can be generated from calculated values. To ensure that the measured values do not contain disturbances and in order to improve the system stability the digital signal is filtered. The analog to digital converter's (ADC) sampling time must not coincide with the power transistor's switching time, therefore the sampling time must be calculated correctly as well. Digital control of the DC-DC converter makes it easy and quickly to configure. It is possible for this device to communicate with other devices in a simple way, to realize data input by using buttons and keyboard, and to display information on LED, LCD displays, etc.

Digitally Controlled 4-Phase Bi-Directional Interleaved Dc-Dc Converter with Coupled Inductors / Digitāli Vadāms 4 Fāžu Divvirziena Līdzstrāvas Pārveidotājs Ar Saistītajām Droselēm

Abstract The main advantages of multiphase interleaved DC-DC converters over single-phase converters are reduced current stress and reduced output current ripple. Nevertheless, inductor current ripple cannot be reduced only by an interleaving method. The integrated magnetic structure can be used to solve this problem. In this paper, the application of 2-phase coupled inductor designed in a convenient way by using commercially manufactured coil formers and ferrite cores is analysed to develop a 4-phase interleaved DC-DC converter. The steady state phase and output current ripple in a boost mode of the interleaved bidirectional DC-DC converter with integrated magnetics are analysed. The prototype of the converter has been built. The experimental results of the current ripple are presented in the paper.

Simulation Based Analysis of Digitally Controlled 4-phase DC-DC Converter with Coupled Inductors

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Interleaved converters are used in many different conversion systems involving various topologies and are related to different fields of application due its advantages over single-phase converters. Such advantages include reduced current in switching devices and passive elements, reduced output current ripple, and so on. Reductions in size and costs of magnetic components and inductors current ripple can be achieved by an integration of magnetics. In this paper application of 2-phase coupled inductor designed in convenient way by using commercially manufactured coil formers and ferrite cores is analyzed to developed 4-phase interleaved DC-DC converter. Different structures of the coupled inductor for 4 phases is studied. The steady state phase and output current ripple in buck mode of the interleaving magnetic integrated bidirectional DC-DC converter is simulated. The necessary count of inductors for selected topology are manufactured and placed on the PCB board.</span></p>

Bidirectional Battery Charger for PV Using Interleaved Fourport DC-DC Converter

In this paper, a four-port bidirectional dc-dc converter is proposed for grid-interactive photovoltaic (PV) system application. The four-phase topology is suitable for residential pumping, aerospace power requirements. The control of battery and different capacities of PV modules are naturally decoupled. In addition, the port interface with PV is current type which can implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and soft switching under wide variation of PV terminal voltage. Finally, simulation results are proposed to verify the power control in different operation modes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v14i3.7894

An Advanced High Performance Maximum Power Point Tracking Method with Ant Colony and Particle Swarm Optimization Method Using Interleaved Boost Converter

To obtain efficient maximum power point tracking operation under varying and steady state environmental conditions which is based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) combined with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) that controls an interleaved DC-DC converter connected at the output of PV array and maintains a constant input-power load. The operation of maximum power point tracking is to adjust the power interfaces so that the operating characteristics of the load and the photovoltaic array match at the maximum power points. The simulation is based on the computed algorithms which show very good perspectives. The searching routine is done in less than 15 steps and takes less than 50ms. The tracking accuracy is better than those found in conventional methods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v14i3.7900

Performance Improvement of a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Battery Chargers using an LCLC Filter

In this paper, a battery charger is introduced for an interleaved DC-DC converter with an LCLC filter. To improve the overall performance of the DC-DC converter for battery charger, a method is proposed. First, the structure of the system is presented. Second, an LC filter is compared to an LCLC filter in terms of the response characteristics and size. Third, the small-signal model of a bidirectional DC-DC converter using a state-space averaging method and the required transfer functions are introduced. Next, the frequency characteristics of the converter are discussed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are analyzed to verify the proposed state space of the bidirectional converter.

An Improved LQR-based Controller for PEMFC Interleaved DC-DC Converter

conductivity. There is a dependency between the resistance and the membrane humidity and internal temperature. The ohmic resistance is a function of the membrane conductivity (Ω. 2)−1, which is also a function of water content of the membrane (

Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis in Interleaved DC–DC Converters

Interleaved dc-dc converters have been widely applied, because of their benefits related to efficiency, size, thermal management, modularity, and output current ripple cancellation. These converters present an enhanced fault tolerance capability, but an open-circuit fault can leads to ripple beyond load requirements. This paper presents a fault-diagnostic method for interleaved dc-dc converters using only the dc-link current derivative sign features. The dc-link current derivative is thoroughly studied for both healthy and faulty modes. Its sign variation during different time intervals defined by the number of switches in conduction mode contains important information for open-circuit fault detection. The presented method is robust to transients and current imbalance between phases and no additional sensors are required. A photovoltaic system application is presented to validate this method.

A Novel Phase-Shedding Control Scheme for Improved Light Load Efficiency of Multiphase Interleaved DC–DC Converters

In this paper, a novel phase-shedding control scheme for multiphase interleaved dc-dc converters is proposed to improve the light load efficiency. The proposed phase-shedding scheme is based upon power efficiency estimation with a numerically constructed lookup table and a phase configuration selector to automatically determine the load current point of phase shedding for the minimization of the power loss during the light load condition. The proposed scheme is verified on a three-phase-interleaved dc-dc synchronous buck converter with a 12 V input and 1.2 V, 60 A output. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Analysis and Design of Coupled Inductors for Two-Phase Interleaved DC-DC Converters

Multiphase dc-dc converters are widely used in modern power electronics applications due to their advantages over single-phase converters. Such advantages include reduced current stress in both the switching devices and passive elements, reduced output current ripple, and so on. Although the output current ripple of a converter can be significantly reduced by virtue of the interleaving effect, the inductor current ripple cannot be reduced even with the interleaving PWM method. One way to solve this problem is to use a coupled inductor. However, care must be taken in designing the coupled inductor to maximize its performances. In this paper, a detailed analysis of a coupled inductor is conducted and the effect of a coupled inductor on current ripple reduction is investigated extensively. From this analysis, a UU core based coupled inductor structure is proposed to maximize the performance of the coupled inductor.

Interleaved DC-DC Converters with Partial Ripple Current Cancellation

An interleaved PWM converter is proposed to implement the features of zero voltage switching (ZVS), load current sharing and ripple current reduction. The proposed converter includes two ZVS converters with a common clamp capacitor. With the shared capacitor, the charge balance of the two interleaved parts is automatically regulated under input voltage and load variations. The active-clamping circuit is used to realize the ZVS turn-on so that the switching losses on the power switches are reduced. The ZVS turn-on of all of the switching devices is achieved during the transition interval. The interleaved pulse-width modulation (PWM) operation will reduce the ripple current and the size of the input and output capacitors. The current double rectifier (CDR) is adopted in the secondary side to reduce output ripple current so that the sizes of the output chokes and capacitor are reduced. The circuit configuration, operation principles and design considerations are presented. Finally experimental results based on a 408W (24V/17A) prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.