Interleaved Boost Research Articles

Implementation of a Microgrid System with a Four-Phase Inductor Coupled Interleaved Boost Converter for EV Charging Stations

Electric vehicle charging stations are essential to enable broad reception due to the rise in electric vehicles in the transportation industry because they will lessen range anxiety concerns about distance. The primary objective of this work is to design a microgrid that is effective and affordable for an electric vehicle charging station that combines a photovoltaic, wind, and utility grid energy system (optional) as a principal source of energy. The proposed study employs a four-phase inductor coupled interleaved boost converter which is compact and effective with high power output which results in charging a vehicle within 33 min. A perturb and observe MPPT approach based on DC converters is used along with the digital 2PI controller to increase the effectiveness and performance of distributed energy systems. To make the converter a hassle-free operation, an interleaving technique is applied to the developed converter which results in ripple reduction, which results in an increase in the output current and voltage gain, with high power density and efficiency. For better understanding, real-time data for 2W/3W/4W are acquired and tested for various conditions and the maximum state of charge for the battery is gained within one-third of the usual time. At present, the interleaved converter’s operation is theoretically examined, and the behavior of the converter and the charging conditions of several electric vehicle systems are compared and shown in the simulation analysis.

Dual Loop FOPI Controller-Based Equilibrium Optimizer Tuning Approach for Three-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter: PEMFC HEVs

Dual Loop FOPI Controller-Based Equilibrium Optimizer Tuning Approach for Three-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter: PEMFC HEVs

Reconfigurable Converter Topologies for EV Fast Charging Stations

Infrastructure for charging electric vehicles (EVs) is highly demanded due to the rising number of EVs on the road. Stations for charging electric vehicles are necessary for the ongoing transportation e-mobility. In particular, fast charging infrastructures increase the computing ability of transmission grids that are already under a lot of pressure. The market's current energizing foundation takes a ton of room and incidentally causes gridlocks, which raises the risk of mishaps and hinders crisis vehicles. The cost of installing this charging infrastructure increases significantly because the current system needs a lot of room. To resolve these issues, this work depicts a Reconfigurable Multidevice Interleaved Boost Converter Topologies with Placement Algorithm for adjusting and a space-proficient charging foundation. Because of its insignificant electromagnetic impedance, low input and result voltage swells, bidirectionality, high efficiency and dependability, delicate switching, commotion free activity, low exchanging loss, and high effectiveness, this topology is the most ideal decision for high-power EVs.

A Water Cycle Approach for Maximum Power Point Tracking through an Interleaved Boost Converter

In this work, an Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) is developed for Sun Powered E-vehicles (SPEVs) to reduce input/output filters, improve dynamic characteristics, and minimize device stress compared to conventional designs. The IBC achieves these goals by utilizing current control loops and lowering the size of passive components, resulting in excellent efficiency and reduced input/output voltage variation. To ensure an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) and support vehicle movement under erratic conditions, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller is essential in the PV battery system. However, under non-ideal conditions such as shading, irradiance, temperature, and inclination angle variations, PV systems may experience multiple power peaks, making it challenging to identify the global peak. To address this issue, a unique Water Cycle Optimized Perturb and Observe (WCO-PO) method is proposed in this work. The proposed technique demonstrates shorter computation time, rapid convergence rate, and minimal variations after reaching the MPP (Maximum PowerPoint) in various weather scenarios, as demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The test results are presented with a comparison of the proposed approach against other methods, showcasing the advantages of the Water Cycle approach in MPPT through an Interleaved Boost Converter.

Rigdelet Neural Networks-based Maximum Power Point Tracking for a PEMFC connected to the network with Interleaved Boost Converter optimized by Improved Satin Bowerbird Optimization

This paper proposes a new control policy for optimal control of the 3-phase system of PEMFC connected to the grid. This also includes a 3-phase high step-up Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) to amplify the PEMFC outputted voltage. To control the PEMFC system, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based on Rigdelet Neural Networks (RNN) has been utilized, and to improve this controller, an improved version of the Satin Bowerbird Optimization (ISBO) algorithm has been utilized. The main advantage of the proposed improved version is modifying the convergence weakness and fixing convergence in chaos theory. The method is then validated by performing it one time on a standalone PEMFC system and another time on a grid-connected PEMFC system. Simulation results indicate that based o the IBC converter, better results with lower current ripples can be achieved. Also, the method has the ability to feed to both active and reactive powers by keeping stable the sudden temperatures. Final results have been also put in comparison with two different latest techniques to indicate the technique proficiency.

Ripple Steering Interleaved Boost PFC Converter Analysis, Simulation, and Experimentation

A zero-voltage-transition (ZVT)-based ripple steering interleaved boost converter is proposed in this paper for power factor correction. The ZVT auxiliary circuit enables soft-switching, reducing the current input ripple and the stress on the main circuit device. The proposed converter achieves better performance in terms of THD and power factor with fewer elements, reducing size and cost. A non-linear current control strategy is employed to suppress harmonics in the supply current. The theoretical study and design are validated through simulations and laboratory tests. Automatic current sharing characteristic is an added advantage when interleaved boost converters are employed. In this work, the devices in the semiconductor power are soft switched and consequently, the losing switches are eliminated, thereby making the across the switchers there is stress voltage which is very less. The results show that the converter achieves ZVT operation, reducing switching losses and improving efficiency. The measured supply current THD is 3.029%, and the switching frequency hardly affects the soft switching performance. The converter proposed reduces the stress on the devices and significantly lowers the switching loss when compared to hard switching. The proposed ZVT-based IBC accomplishes soft switching operation and lessens the number of power devices, improving power factor and efficiency.

Ripple and Passive Components Reduction on All SiC Multi-Device Interleaved Boost Converter for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Due to a smaller environmental footprint than conventional vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs) may help in the fight against climate change. In spite of their many advantages, especially those in maintenance, disadvantages such as less traveling range, long recharging time and the high price tag - compared to gas-powered vehicles - are essential barriers to extensive usage of EVs. The forenamed limitations can be partly overcome by advancing electrical equipment in terms of efficiency, weight and compactness. The development of novel materials for circuit components and improvements in circuit design have been the primary focus of advancement with regard to DC/DC converters, one of the fundamental building blocks of electrical equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes an All-SiC-based multi-device interleaved boost converter (MDIBC) to replace the Silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (Si IGBT)-based BC topology in Toyota Prius. To achieve high efficiency from the proposed converter, the power efficiency is examined with respect to the input current ripple values. The obtained results disclose the best efficiency is achieved for a 10% input current ripple with a 50% decrease in output voltage ripple. Additionally, for these ripple values, other decisive parameters are determined and compared to the benchmark converters. The outcomes reveal that (at 70 kHz switching frequency), the best values of inductor and capacitor with reduction in their values of 83.55% and 96.45%, respectively – are achieved. This considerable decline not only results in downsizing the passive components but also leads to a higher power density that has a crucial importance for power efficiency.

Equal Current Sharing Parallelly Connected Interleaved Boost Converter in DC Microgrid using Control Algorithm

In this paper, a micro grid based current sharing between parallelly connected second order Boost Converter and Interleaved Boost Converter is proposed. As the output of PV is not predictable, an MPPT based on the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used to manage the second order Boost Converter. To offer exact sharing of current between parallel modules in converters, a droop control mechanism is utilized. The PV system’s maximum power is tracked using a PI controller, so as to maintain constant DC link voltage at different temperature conditions. Using a PI assisted Bidirectional battery converter, the voltage of the battery is maintained. The nominal voltage for each converter is modified by comparing each converter’s output current to the total load current. The entire system is validated through a MATLAB simulation.

Design and Analysis of Multi-Device Interleaved Boost Converter Driving an Induction Motor

Electric vehicles are the future of mobility solutions. The electric vehicles are driven by an electric motor with the help of a power electronic interface. The power electronic interface needs to be designed in an efficient way both in mechanical and electrical aspects. This paper proposes the concept of design, simulation and analysis of a 10 kW Multi-Device Interleaved DC-DC Boost Converter (MDIBC) to drive a 4 kW Induction Motor. The motor is driven from the MDIBC through an inverter with SPWM technique. The variation in DC link voltage due to motor is controlled and stabilized to give a constant DC of 400 V. MDIBC consists of semi-controlled switches topology excited by Phase Shifted PWM technique to reduce the ripple current in interleaving inductors. The dual loop control methodology using PI controller is adopted to reduce the ripple in input inductor current and DC link voltage. The open loop simulation and closed loop simulation are done in MATLAB Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the overshoots and steady state error in inductor currents and output voltage are reduced in addition with reduction in current and voltage ripples.

Hybrid Controller Based on LQR Applied to Interleaved Boost Converter and Microgrids under Power Quality Events

Renewable energy sources are an environmentally attractive idea, but they require a proper control scheme to guarantee optimal operation. In this work, we tune different controllers for an Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) powered by a photovoltaic array using three metaheuristics: Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Gray Wolf Optimization. We also develop several controllers for a second simulated scenario where the IBC is plugged into an existing microgrid (MG) as this can provide relevant data for real-life applications. In both cases, we consider hybrid controllers based on a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). However, we hybridize it with an Integral action (I-LQR) in the first scenario to compare our data against previously published controllers. In the second one, we add a Proportional-Integral technique (PI-LQR) as we do not have previous data to compare against to provide a more robust controller than I-LQR. To validate our approach, we run extensive simulations with each metaheuristic and compare the resulting data. We focus on two fronts: the performance of the controllers and the computing cost of the solvers when facing practical issues. Our results demonstrate that the approach proposed for tuning controllers is a feasible strategy. The controllers tuned with the metaheuristics outperformed previously proposed strategies, yielding solutions thrice faster with virtually no overshoot and a voltage ripple seven times smaller. Not only this, but our controllers could correct some issues liaised to the IBC when it is plugged into an MG. We are confident that these insights can help migrate this approach to a more diverse set of MGs with different renewable sources and escalate it to real-life experiments.

PV-Grid based Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Modified Interleaved Boost Converter

ABSTRACT Due to numerous shortcomings of the existing automobiles, the future of transportation lies in Electric Vehicles (EVs). For the sustainable existence of EVs, the development of charging infrastructure based on renewable sources is necessary. Hence, this research article aims to develop a PV–grid topology-based EV charger. An experimental prototype of the EV charging station (EVCS) is developed having a modified interleaved boost converter (MIBC). The proposed charger setup is tested by charging a PV on an EV with a Li-ion battery. The MIBC proposed is analysed and compared with the conventional boost converter, which is also based on PV-grid topology. The testing verifies that the current ripples, conduction and switching losses are reduced significantly. The results conclude that the prototype charger developed is robust, efficient and reliable.

Switched Redundancy and Cutset Approach to Estimate Basic Probability Indices of Interleaved DC-DC Boost Converter

Power Electronic Converter play a vital role in renewable energy systems in particular with solar PV systems. The DC voltage generated from the solar irradiation need to be stepped up using Boost Converters to the desired level and then inverted for AC outputs. In the context, reliability analysis of Conventional Boost Converter and Interleaved Boost Converter will be of prime concern. In this existing literature, component failure rate has been obtained. However, converter reliability analysis has not been dealt with. In this paper, Switched Mode Redundancy concept is applied along with the cutset approach for computation of basic probability indices such as Equivalent Failure Rate, Mean Outage Time and Average Annual Outage Time for these two converters. Further, the probabilistic measures such as Mean- Time-To- Failure, Mean- Time-To-Repair, Mean Time Between Failures, Availability and Unavailability are also evaluated for the above two converter configurations with malfunctioning aspects of the MOSFET, which is not dealt with in the literature.MOSFET as a switch is considered to be malfnctioning, if it is possible to get switched on when not required and not functioning when it is required. The proposed method is analyzed taking the converter configurations with MOSFET which can be used for high power and medium switching frequency applications. The results obtained are analyzed and presented for Conventional Boost Converter and Interleaved Boost Converter with malfunctioning and Non-malfunctioning aspects using MOSFET which is treated as a switch. It is observed that inspite of IBC has better performance as compared to that of the CBC, the probabilistic measures will be decreasing, which is realistic.

Comparative Study between PI controllers based Two phase and Three phase Interleaved Boost converter as Power Factor Corrector

Comparative Study between PI controllers based Two phase and Three phase Interleaved Boost converter as Power Factor Corrector

Implementation of Wind Energy System Using Interleaved Boost Converter and Static Synchronous Compensator

Limited fossil fuel resources and current environmental considerations have created wind energy as the best alternative for spotless renewable source of energy, to replace the conventional sources of energy. The Wind power production has quite a few drawbacks owing in the direction of the methods used in harnessing wind energy. This paper focuses on the method that decreases the effect of the voltage variability within the grid initiated through uncontrollable imprudent power flow and the output power fluctuation within the grid. This paper gives solution to diminish the fluctuation that creates unstable voltage across the line by installing such an energy storage device. Reactive power compensation has been mutually implemented to manage the distribution of the reactive power supply across wind farm based power networking through internal Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Here, bidirectional interleaved DC/DC-converters and double layer electrical capacitors are used. Therefore the introduction of two different systems, the energy storage systems with interleaved boost unit along with the reactive power mitigation for giant wind farms was implemented by integrating them into single system to check and review the wind power plant stability management.

An Eminent Design for Wireless Power Transfer Using Rectenna Module Using Interleaved Boost Converter to Increase the Power Efficacy Delivered to the Biomedical Device

In recent “on-the-go (OTG)” trend people depend heavily on wireless technologies which made human life much ease in accessing the data with reduced latent speed. Today, all gadgets including portable music players, headphones, smart watch, gaming console, etc. are wireless. With booming technological development, transferring power in wireless mode is always a challenging task from ancient period. One of the eminent techniques in wireless power transfer is transmitting the power via electromagnetic signals. In this paper, a receiver which receives this wireless power is designed with an antenna module called Rectenna. Using this rectenna an inverter module is also designed which can deliver power to the practical load connected with it. In addition, this Rectenna module is simulated in the MATLAB Simulink environment with an eminent “Interleaved Boost Converter” to boost the signal to higher level to power the load/biomedical device.

Influence of MOSFET Parasitic Capacitance on the Operation of Interleaved ZVS Boost Converters

Interleaved zero-voltage switching boost converters have been known for over 20 years. However, the influence of parasitic capacitance of transistors has not been described. In this paper the converter is analyzed and the equation for voltage ratio is derived for any number of converter phases. First a general description of the topology, including main voltage and current waveforms, is provided. Subsequently the converter is analyzed and conditions for soft switching are derived. Next the analysis results are compared to measurements of an experimental converter setup. Discrepancies are identified and the influence of parasitic capacitance is analyzed. By considering the parasitic capacitance the difference between experimental and analytical results of voltage ratio is reduced from 0.2 to less than 0.05.

Design and Optimization of an Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Using Interleaved Boost Converter and Flat Solenoid Coupler

Simple but effective output voltage/current control schemes are essential for electric vehicle wireless charging systems (EVWCSs). This article proposes an EVWCS using interleaved boost converter (IBC) and flat solenoid coupler (FSC). The closed-loop control between the primary and secondary is realized by adjusting the duty cycle of the IBC. The currents and losses in the primary are reduced in the proposed system because the dc bus voltage in the primary is increased by using the IBC. The input current ripple is diminished owing to the interleaved structure. This article also proposes a parameter optimization method to obtain the optimal FSC. Without loss of generality, the total area of the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) is assumed to be constant, and the Tx is assumed to be larger than the Rx. A scale-down prototype whose output power is 500 W was built in the laboratory to verify the theoretical analysis. The output voltage of the prototype kept constant when the misalignment was 200 mm in the winding direction or 100 mm in the magnetic direction. A highest system efficiency, from dc input to dc output, of 90.1% was achieved when the power transfer distance was 170 mm.

An Interleaved Boost and Dual Active Bridge-Based Single-Stage Three-Port DC–DC–AC Converter With Sine PWM Modulation

In this article, a new three-port converter is proposed that interfaces two dc voltage sources of different magnitudes and an output ac port in a single stage. The proposed converter is primarily based on the dual active bridge topology where the secondary bridge is composed of four quadrant bidirectional switches, which allows it to be directly connected to an ac port. The primary bridge can also be used as an interleaved bidirectional boost converter by connecting two inductors across the transformer primary, which forms an additional input DC port. The power flow between the dc ports to the ac port is based on dual phase-shift modulation where a phase shift is introduced between the two legs of the primary bridge switches and another phase shift between the primary and secondary bridges. This enables the standard sine pulsewidth modulation to be used for synthesizing ac output. For the power flow mode between the two dc ports alone, a parallel boost modulation is proposed that improves the system efficiency by removing any circulating current introduced by traditional interleaving. The proposed converter achieves fully soft switched three-port power conversion with a reduced number of active devices compared to the existing topologies. The modulation scheme is also much simpler and requires no optimization or complex control. A PowerSim-based simulation program is used for validating the proposed converter. A 200-W prototype is built to experimentally verify the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.

Design of PI Controller for Voltage Controller of Four-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This article introduces voltage feedback controlling using the PI controller tuned gains by metaheuristic optimizations for a four-phase interleaved boost converter. The metaheuristic optimizations, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and Tabu search (TS) are applied to find the optimal gains for the proposed control system. In experiment, the designed control system is implemented on the DSP board TMS320F28335 with MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper, there are two conditions of the control system in the test, without load and with load. The response result of the proposed control system tuned gains by PSO is no overshoot and approaches to the steady state better than GA and TS methods. Moreover, it is able to maintain the output voltage feedback at a constant level according to the control signal both without load and with load conditions. As a result, the four-phase interleaved boost converter is regulated by the PI controller tuned gains with PSO which could efficiently maintain the voltage of both levels.

Portable field hospital fed from solar system depends on interleaved boost converter (IBC)

In this paper we will suggest equipment for a portable field hospital that is electrically fed by solar panels. The solar panel is connected to the removable (Portable) field hospital via an interface, which is an Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC). The analytical study is carried out for the traditional Boost Converter(BC) and the Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) using Matlab/Simulink To ensure the electric supply of the portable field hospital with suitable voltage values. The paper will explain what might happen if we doubled or tripled the main elements of the conventional boost converter. The expected results will reflect the implementation importance of the interleaved converter (IBC) in comparison with conventional converter. We will also compare the different types of interleaved converter (IBC), so that we get the best interior connection of the IBC, which achieves the suitable distribution of the total current between the coils, as well as the best size – weight specifications. The selected IBC will contain less ripple in the output voltage waveform, where we provide the potable field hospital feed without disturbances or breakdowns, which cause the IBC to be out of serves or fault occurring to any part of it.