Interlayer Positions Research Articles

First-Principles Study of 3R-MoS2 for High-Capacity and Stable Aluminum Ion Batteries Cathode Material.

Currently, exploring high-capacity, stable cathode materials remains a major challenge for rechargeable Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs). As an intercalator for rechargeable AIBs, Al3+ produces three times the capacity of AlCl4- when the same number of anions is inserted. However, the cathode material capable of producing Al3+ intercalation is not a graphite material with AlCl4- intercalation but a transition metal sulfide material with polar bonding. In this paper, the insertion mechanism of Al3+ in 3R-MoS2 is investigated using first-principles calculations. It is found that Al3+ tends to insert into different interlayer positions at the same time rather than occupying one layer before inserting into another, which is different from the insertion mechanism of AlCl4- in graphite. Ab initio, molecular dynamics calculations revealed that Al3+ was able to stabilize the insertion of 3R-MoS2. Diffusion barriers indicate that Al3+ preferentially migrates to nearby stabilization sites in diffusion pathway studies. According to the calculation, the theoretical maximum specific capacity of Al3+ intercalated 3R-MoS2 reached 502.30 mAg h-1, and the average voltage of the intercalation was in the range of 0.75-0.96 V. Therefore, 3R-MoS2 is a very promising cathode material for AIBs.

Investigation of Thermoregulation Effect of Stabilized Phase Change Gypsum Board with Different Structures in Buildings

The energy consumption in buildings is high currently, leading to the development of the building envelope with phase change material (PCM), while the application of PCMs to the building envelope has the potential to effectively regulate the temperature variations in the inner surfaces of walls. Eutectic PCM consists of lauric acid, myristic acid, and stearic acid (LA-MA-SA) and was synthesized first, while expanded graphite (EG) and diamote (DE) were used as additives. LA-MA-SA/10 wt.% EG/10 wt.% DE composite PCM was synthesized via the impregnation method; then, the phase change layer was compressed and formed under a pressure of 10 MPa. The sandwich phase change gypsum board was built with three layers, considering the phase change layer on the outside, middle and indoor sides of the board, respectively. The thermal responses of sandwich phase change gypsum boards were considered under various radiation conditions at controlled temperatures of 37 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C. The results indicated that the gypsum board with the addition of 16.7 wt.% composite PCMs showed a better relative time duration of thermal comfort in comparison with pure gypsum board. The indoor heating rate slowed down, and the environmental temperature fluctuation was within a smaller range, because of the latent heat of the phase change gypsum board. Comparing the phase change gypsum boards at different interlayer positions, we found that the phase change gypsum board with an interlayer on the indoor side shows better thermal performance and a relatively longer time duration of thermal comfort, e.g., when the setting temperatures were 37 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C, respectively, the relative time durations of the thermal comfort of the sandwich phase change gypsum board were 4825 s, 3160 s, 1980 s and 1710 s. This study provides insights into the thermoregulation performance of phase change walls, where the utilization of a PCM in a wall can increase thermal capacity and enhance the inner-zone thermal comfort. The findings can provide guidelines for phase change walls to ensure sustainable practices in the energy savings of buildings.

Thermochemical data and phase equilibria of halide (Cl−, Br−, I−) containing AFm and hydrotalcite compounds

AbstractLayered double hydroxide (LDH) phases that form during cement hydration can incorporate a variety of interlayer anions in their interlayer positions. Here, a range of phases of general formula [MII(1−x)MIII(x)(OH)2][An−]x/n·zH2O were synthesized, where MII = Mg2+ (hydrotalcite) or Ca2+ (AFm), MIII = Al3+ such that [MII/Al] = 2 (Ca and Mg, atomic units) or 3 (Mg only), and A = Cl−, Br−, or I−. All the synthesized phases were characterized to assess their composition, density, and crystal structure. By approach from undersaturation, the solubility data of these compounds was measured at 5, 25, and 60°C. This thermochemical data was used to successfully model their formation using thermodynamic modeling and to infer the fields of stability of these compounds for conditions of relevance to cementitious systems. It is seen that halide‐containing hydrotalcite phases strongly compete with hydroxide‐containing hydrotalcite, with the latter prevailing at high pH. In contrast, halide‐containing AFm compounds are more stable compared with hydroxide‐containing AFm compositions.

Influence of Interlayer Soil on the Water Infiltration Characteristics of Heavy Saline–Alkali Soil in Southern Xinjiang

Interlayer soil is common in southern Xinjiang, because interlayer can reduce the infiltration rate of soil water. To simulate the interlayer soil in heavy saline–alkali cotton fields, this paper adopted a vertical one-dimensional infiltration test. T1 (315 mm), T2 (270 mm), and T3 (225 mm) and different interlayer positions (T5, 315 mm) and thicknesses of the interlayer (T6, 315 mm) with the same irrigation volume, as well as one perforation and sand filling treatment (T4, 315 mm), were set. The influence of different irrigation amounts, locations, and thicknesses of the interlayer and sand injection on water infiltration was analyzed. The analysis results showed that with the increase in irrigation amount, the water infiltration rate and the migration distance of the wet front increased, but did not penetrate to the bottom soil (90 cm). Under the same irrigation volume, the increase in interlayer thickness (T6) compared with the increase in interlayer position (T5), the change in soil moisture content in the upper and lower layers of the interlayer was greater, and the advance time of wetting front migration and cumulative infiltration were slightly higher. After tunneling and sand filling (T4), the infiltration rate of water was increased, the migration time of the wet front was reduced, and the profile water content of each soil layer was improved. The Kostiakov model could better simulate the water infiltration characteristics of interlayer soil with different profile configurations in heavily saline–alkali land. The results showed that in all of the treatments, only the wet front of the soil moisture reached 100 cm in the T4 treatment, and the maximum was only 87.8 cm in the other treatments, indicating that too little irrigation water or the upward movement and thickening of the interlayer were not conducive to water infiltration. For the interlayer soil area in the heavy saline–alkali land in southern Xinjiang, the appropriate irrigation water should be more than 315 mm. The treatment of drilling first and then filling sand can be used as a simple but effective measure to increase the water infiltration rate of the interlayer soil, and can thus be applied to the layered soil structure in the interlayer position of 60–80 cm.

Radiation-Induced Solid-State Transformations of Uranyl Peroxides.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of pristine and γ-irradiated Ca2[UO2(O2)3]·9H2O reveal site-specific atomic-scale changes during the solid-state progression from a crystalline to X-ray amorphous state with increasing dose. Following γ-irradiation to 1, 1.5, and 2 MGy, the peroxide group not bonded to Ca2+ is progressively replaced by two hydroxyl groups separated by 2.7 Å (with minor changes in the unit cell), whereas the peroxide groups bonded to Ca2+ cations are largely unaffected by irradiation prior to amorphization, which occurs by a dose of 3 MGy. The conversion of peroxide to hydroxyl occurs through interaction of neighboring lattice H2O molecules and ionization of the peroxide O-O bond, which produces two hydroxyls, and allows isolation of the important monomer building block, UO2(O2)2(OH)24-, that is ubiquitous in uranyl capsule polyoxometalates. Steric crowding in the equatorial plane of the uranyl ion develops and promotes transformation to an amorphous phase. In contrast, γ-irradiation of solid Li4[(UO2)(O2)3]·10H2O results in a solid-state transformation to a well-crystallized peroxide-free uranyl oxyhydrate containing sheets of equatorial edge and vertex-sharing uranyl pentagonal bipyramids with likely Li and H2O in interlayer positions. The irradiation products of these two uranyl triperoxide monomers are compared via X-ray diffraction (single-crystal and powder) and Raman spectroscopy, with a focus on the influence of the Li+ and Ca2+ countercations. Highly hydratable and mobile Li+ yields to uranyl hydrolysis reactions, while Ca2+ provides lattice rigidity, allowing observation of the first steps of radiation-promoted transformation of uranyl triperoxide.

Communication—Proving the Importance of Pt-Interlayer Position in PEMWE Membranes for the Effective Reduction of the Anodic Hydrogen Content

Gas crossover through the membrane poses a significant challenge to proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. This work investigates the influence of the position of platinum-based recombination interlayers integrated in the membrane on the anodic hydrogen in oxygen content. The results show that all interlayer positions reduce the anodic hydrogen content without performance losses compared to the reference without interlayer. However, an interlayer positioned closer to the anode is more effective than closer to the cathode. Further, the effect of the interlayer is more pronounced with increasing anode pressure.

On the structural formula of smectites: a review and new data on the influence of exchangeable cations.

The understanding of the structural formula of smectite minerals is basic to predicting their physicochemical properties, which depend on the location of the cation substitutions within their 2:1 layer. This implies knowing the correct distribution and structural positions of the cations, which allows assigning the source of the layer charge of the tetrahedral or octahedral sheet, determining the total number of octahedral cations and, consequently, knowing the type of smectite. However, sometimes the structural formula obtained is not accurate. A key reason for the complexity of obtaining the correct structural formula is the presence of different exchangeable cations, especially Mg. Most smectites, to some extent, contain Mg2+ that can be on both octahedral and interlayer positions. This indeterminacy can lead to errors when constructing the structural formula. To estimate the correct position of the Mg2+ ions, that is their distribution over the octahedral and interlayer positions, it is necessary to substitute the interlayer Mg2+ and work with samples saturated with a known cation (homoionic samples). Seven smectites of the dioctahedral and trioctahedral types were homoionized with Ca2+, substituting the natural exchangeable cations. Several differences were found between the formulae obtained for the natural and Ca2+ homoionic samples. Both layer and interlayer charges increased, and the calculated numbers of octahedral cations in the homoionic samples were closer to four and six in the dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectites, respectively, with respect to the values calculated in the non-homoionic samples. This change was not limited to the octahedral sheet and interlayer, because the tetrahedral content also changed. For both dioctahedral and trioctahedral samples, the structural formulae improved considerably after homoionization of the samples, although higher accuracy was obtained the more magnesic and trioctahedral the smectites were. Additionally, the changes in the structural formulae sometimes resulted in changing the classification of the smectite.

Silicon Quantum Dots Induce Uniform Lithium Plating in a Sandwiched Metal Anode

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes are demanded by high‐energy Li batteries because Li has the highest capacity and low electrode potential. However, Li metal anodes usually show poor cyclability and unsafe deposition at anode/separator interfaces, which may increase the risk of short circuits. In this work, we fabricate a sandwiched structure of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) with silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) as the inducing agents between rGO layers. Because of the lithiophilicity of Si QDs, Li growth is favorably guided away from the unsafe anode/separator interface towards the interlayer positions, significantly improving the cyclability and safety of the Si‐QDs‐sandwiched rGO anode. The uniformly‐distributed Si QDs and layered electrode structure can regulate Li plating/stripping to avoid the superficial Li growth and reduce the accumulation of solid electrolyte interphase. The growth‐guiding strategy using the sandwiched structure provides a new approach to fabricating high energy Li‐based battery anodes.

Solid solutions in micas hydrothermally synthesized from kaolinite at 400 °C

A study of mineral assemblages obtained experimentally from kaolinite was carried out by X-ray diffraction and transmission/analytical electron microscopy in the systems K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl, Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl, and Na2O-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl at 400 °C and 260 bars. Three sets of reactions with different Mg2+ concentrations and variable Na/K ratios were studied, at increasing run times. All the experiments yielded the assemblage mica + Al-serpentine ± Mg-kaolinite. Transitional kaolinite appears as large platy particles with homogeneous compositions (mean Mg content = 0.42 atoms per formula unit). Serpentine crystals, frequently curved, show an Al-rich composition. Micas form thin platy crystals with variable compositions in the three chemical systems. In the Na-free system, the reactions yielded white mica with high Fe + Mg contents and biotite. In the K-free system, Na-dioctahedral and Na-di,trioctahedral mica formed. The Na + K-bearing system yielded a two-mica assemblages consisting of phengite + di,trioctahedral mica, both with variable Na/K ratios, although with K as the main cation in interlayer positions in di,trioctahedral micas.

Potassium Adsorption and Release Characteristics on Vertisols of North Western Ethiopian Highlands

ABSTRACTThe availability of plant nutrients in soils is governed by adsorption, desorption, and other chemical and physical processes. The adsorption characteristics of applied potassium (K) and the release kinetics of nonexchangeable fraction of soil K for plant nutrition on Vertisols of East Gojjam, North West Ethiopian highlands, were evaluated using the batch equilibrium technique and calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution, respectively. The mineralogy was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result indicated that the adsorption data well fitted with the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption of K was controlled by cooperative adsorption ( > 1) and a partition factor ( < 1). Adsorption parameters were significantly (P< .05) correlated with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils. The highest and lowest external requirement of K optimized from Freundlich isotherm were 1798.15 kg ha−1 and 73.18 kg ha−1 K, respectively, in which the requirement of K was a function of the adsorption capacity and adsorption maxima of soils. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), the parabolic diffusion and the power function equations displayed the best fit of the kinetic data. The kinetic model confirmed that the release of K is diffusion controlled and indicated that the release of K was from interlayer positions. The rate constants of the parabolic diffusion and the power function models were related (r = 0.62* and 0.66*, respectively) to the uptake of K, suggesting the contribution of nonexchangeable K to plant nutrition. Considerable differences in the release rates were due to the supplying power of K by soils associated with the random ordered illite-smectite minerals and CEC of soils.

Transformation of the montmorillonite structure and its adsorption properties due to the thermochemical treatment

Complex studies revealed changes in the composition, structure, and properties of bentonite clays from the Taganskoye (Kazakhstan) and Dashkovskoe (Moscow region) deposits due to the thermochemical treatment. The leaching of cations from the interlayer and octahedral positions, protonation of the interlayer and OH-groups, leads to modification of the interlayer and 2:1 layer composition, which in turn contributes to significant changes in properties:-a decrease in the cation exchange capacity due to a decrease in the layer charge and increase in the specific surface due to destruction and partial amorphization. Bentonites from the Dashkovskoye deposit demonstrated higher resistance to thermochemical treatment than the bentonites from the Taganskoye deposit due to the protecting effect of the organic matter. Results of the work showed that even after quite intensive thermochemical treatment (13M HNO3, 90 °C, 5 hours), bentonite clays retain a significant part of the adsorption capacity.

Influence of the Structure and Experimental Surfaces Modifications of 2:1 Clay Minerals on the Adsorption Properties of Methylene Blue

In this work the adsorption capacities of methylene blue on Mg-smectite and sepiolite and its derived material obtained after acid treatment and/or the addition of Fe at its surfaces are studied. Natural smectite with high Mg-content in its octahedral sheet (Mg-smectite) displays higher adsorption capacity than the sepiolite due to the ability of Mg-smectite to expand the basal spacing to accommodate methylene blue cations between adjacent layers and the inability of sepiolite to adsorb these cations within the structural channels. The acid-activation of Mg-smectite causes a clear decrease in the adsorption capacity attributed to the partial loss of the interlayer positions by the loss of the octahedral sheet and subsequent formation of amorphous silica. Moreover, the adsorption of the Mg-smectite decreases even more when iron oxohydroxides species are incorporated in its interlayer spacing making inaccessible the interlayer active sites for the adsorption of methylene blue cations. On the contrary, the microwave-assisted acid treatment of sepiolite causes a slight increase in the adsorption capacity related with the dispersion of fibers. Nevertheless, contrary to that observed with Mg-smectite, higher increasing of adsorption capacities are obtained after the formation of new adsorption centers due to the incorporation of iron oxohydroxides species at the external surfaces of sepiolite.

Interlayers Self-Generated by Additive-Metal Interactions in Organic Electronic Devices.

The fundamental structure of all organic electronic devices is a stack of thin layers sandwiched between electrodes, with precise intralayer morphology and interlayer interactions. Solution processing multilayers with little to no intermixing is, however, technically challenging and often incompatible with continuous roll-to-roll, high-speed manufacturing. Here, an overview of a recently developed methodology for self-generation of interlayers positioned between the active layer and metal contact is presented. The interlayer material is blended as an additive in the active layer and migrates to the organic/metal interface during metal deposition. The driving force for this migration is additive-metal interactions. The generated interlayer positions an interfacial dipole that reduces barriers for charge transfer across the organic/metal interface. This methodology is generic and, as reported here, the self-generated interlayers significantly improve the performance of many devices. Importantly, this approach is compatible with printing and reel-to-reel processing. Directives toward additive selection, processing conditions and integration in future applications are also discussed.

Insights into Li+, Na+, and K+ Intercalation in Lepidocrocite-Type Layered TiO2 Structures

A lamellar lepidocrocite-type titanate structure with ∼25% Ti4+ vacancies was recently synthesized, and it showed potential for use as an electrode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. In addition to lithium, we explore this material’s ability to accommodate other monovalent ions with greater natural abundance (e.g., sodium and potassium) in order to develop lower-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries constructed from more widely available elements. Galvanostatic discharge/charge curves for the lepidocrocite material indicate that increasing the ionic radius of the monovalent ion results in a deteriorating performance of the electrode. Using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we identify the relaxed geometries of the structure while varying the placement of the ion in the structure. We then use these geometries to compute the energy of formations. Additionally, we determine that all ions are favorable in the structure, but interlayer positions are preferred compared to vacancy posi...

Oxygen transport properties of Ca-doped Pr2NiO4

Praseodymium nickelate Pr2NiO4+δ with layered Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) structure is a promising material for the ceramic membranes for oxygen separation and for SOFC cathodes due to its mixed ionic-electronic conducting nature and high oxygen mobility and surface reactivity. However, a low thermal stability and the inadequate electronic conductivity of Pr2NiO4+δ require its doping for a more efficient performance. This work presents results of study of the effect of Ca doping on the structural and transport properties of Pr2NiO4. Pr2−xCaxNiO4 oxides (x = 0–0.6) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and characterized by XRD, XPS and TEM methods. The oxygen content in these materials and its variation with increasing temperature was evaluated using TGA. The oxygen transport properties of powdered samples were studied by the temperature-programmed oxygen isotope heteroexchange with C18O2 (TPIE). Electrical conductivity of compact samples was measured by a dc four-probe technique. Electrochemical measurements were performed using an impedance spectroscopy method with symmetrically arranged electrodes on the Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 electrolyte. It was shown that doping resulted in enhanced electrical conductivity and at a low Ca content the electrochemical activity of electrodes increased while the interstitial oxygen content and oxygen diffusivity gradually decreased. For x > 0.3 increasing the lattice anisotropy resulted in the co-existence of 2–3 channels of oxygen diffusion revealed as separate peaks in TPIE curves. The fast diffusion channel (D⁎ ~ 10−8 cm2/s at 700 °C), with a share in the total diffusion drastically decreasing at big doping levels, corresponds to the fast interstitial oxygen diffusion via the cooperative mechanism while the slow channels (D⁎ < 10−10 cm2/s) are probably related to the oxygen transport in perovskite layers and the complicated transport involving interlayer positions near the dopant cation sites.

Layered titanates with fibrous nanotopographic features as reservoir for bioactive ions to enhance osteogenesis

In this study, an osteogenic environment was constructed on Ti alloy implants by in-situ formation of nanosized fibrous titanate, Na2Ti6O13, loaded with bioactive ions, i.e. Sr, Mg and Zn, to enhance surface bioactivity. The bioactive ions were loaded by ion exchange with sodium located at inter-layer positions between the TiO6 slabs, and their release was not associated with the degradation of the structural unit of the titanate. In-vitro cell culture experiments using MC3T3-E1 cells proved that both bioactive ions and nanotopographic features are critical in promoting osteogenic differentiation of the cells. It was found that the osteogenic functions of the titanate can be modulated by the type and amount of ions incorporated. This study points out that nanosized fibrous titanate formed on the Ti alloy can be a promising reservoir for bioactive ions. The major advantage of this approach over other alternatives for bioactive ion delivery using degradable bioceramic coatings is its capacity of maintaining the structural integrity of the coating and thus avoiding structural deterioration and potential mechanical failure.

Capping Layer (CL) Induced Antidamping in CL/Py/β-W System (CL: Al, β-Ta, Cu, β-W).

For achieving ultrafast switching speed and minimizing dissipation losses, the spin-based data storage device requires a control on effective damping (αeff) of nanomagnetic bits. Incorporation of interfacial antidamping spin orbit torque (SOT) in spintronic devices therefore has high prospects for enhancing their performance efficiency. Clear evidence of such an interfacial antidamping is found in Al capped Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si (Py = Ni81Fe19 and tW = thickness of β-W), which is in contrast to the increase of αeff (i.e., damping) usually associated with spin pumping as seen in Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si system. Because of spin pumping, the interfacial spin mixing conductance (g↑↓) at Py/β-W interface and spin diffusion length (λSD) of β-W are found to be 1.63(±0.02) × 1018 m-2 (1.44(±0.02) × 1018 m-2) and 1.42(±0.19) nm (1.00(±0.10) nm) for Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si (β-W(tW)/Py(15 nm)/Si) bilayer systems. Other different nonmagnetic capping layers (CL), namely, β-W(2 nm), Cu(2 nm), and β-Ta(2,3,4 nm) were also grown over the same Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW). However, antidamping is seen only in β-Ta(2,3 nm)/Py(15 nm)/β-W(tW)/Si. This decrease in αeff is attributed to the interfacial Rashba like SOT generated by nonequilibrium spin accumulation subsequent to the spin pumping. Contrary to this, when interlayer positions of Py(15 nm) and β-W(tW) is interchanged irrespective of the fixed top nonmagnetic layer, an increase of αeff is observed, which is ascribed to spin pumping from Py to β-W layer.

Monovalent Ion Exchange Kinetics of Hydrated Calcium-Alumino Layered Double Hydroxides

This study reveals ion exchange kinetics in hydrated calcium-alumino layered double hydroxides of the alumino-ferrite monosubstituent (AFm) subgroup. By careful analysis of solution phase (ion) concentrations and the solid phases, the rate of exchange of NO3– for Cl– ions from the interlayer positions is studied across a range of temperature, solution compositions, and solution conditions (i.e., static and convectively mixed). Ion exchange kinetics conform to an exponential first-order reaction that follows an Arrhenius formalism. The activation energy of ion exchange is 38.2 ± 4.6 kJ/mol for exchange occurring in the thermodynamically preferred (i.e., NO3– for Cl– ion exchange) direction and it is 1.8 times greater for the inverse less-preferred pathway. For ion exchange occurring in the favored direction NO3-AFm converts to Cl-AFm; whereas in the disfavored (less-favored) direction, the compositional change occurs in two steps with the formation of a Cl–NO3–AFm solid solution as an intermediate step; be...

Detection of delamination in composite beams using frequency deviations due to concentrated mass loading

Modern composite structures are usually designed to withstand mass loading. The effects of delamination due to concentrated mass loading with respect to modal frequency variations in composite beams have been investigated in the present work numerically and experimentally. A noticeable delamination-induced modal frequency deviation has been observed when a concentrated mass loading is imposed at pre-defined sections of the delaminated composite beams compared to the intact (reference) composite beams. For delaminations of only 10% of the length of a composite beam, modal frequency deviations of about 20% were observed numerically and experimentally. Further investigations of different delamination configurations show that the modal frequency deviations are dependent on the longitudinal location as well as the interlayer positions of the defects. Higher frequency deviations are observed when delamination approaches the clamped boundary of a composite beam. The results suggest that the frequency curve deviations have a local or global characteristic depending on whether the delamination occurs at the near surface or the mid-plane of the composite beam, respectively. Consequently, the frequency curves can be employed as NDT tool for delamination identification and localisation.

Adsorção de fenol e benzeno em montmorilonita modificada com brometo de hexadeciltrimetilamônio

Este estudo avalia a intercalação de esmectita dioctahédrica do Estado Acre com o sal quaternário de amônio brometo de hexadeciltrimetilamônio (HDTMA) em concentrações compreendidas entre 1 a 5 vezes ao valor de CTC da argila original e sua aplicabilidade na adsorção de fenol e benzeno em fase líquida. Os materiais foram caracterizados por microanálises de difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura/espectroscopia com dispersão de energia e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Os processos de adsorção foram realizados em sistemas simples e as medidas das concentrações do fenol e benzeno foram efetuadas por espectrofotometria na região ultravioleta. Os resultados indicaram que a intercalação da esmectita com HDTMA propiciou cerca de 78,8% de expansão (variação de d001: 1,47 nm para 1,91 nm) e decréscimo acentuado dos elementos das posições interlamelares, como Na, Ca, Mg e K, acompanhado pela delaminação/esfoliação da argila original. Nos processos de adsorção do fenol e benzeno em HDTMA-arg 5 foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: q max= 4,44 e 35,8 mg.g-1; K L= 0,076 e 0,115 L.g-1; ΔGº = -16,85 e -18,38 kJ.mol-1, respectivamente. Estes dados indicaram que os processos de adsorção do benzeno e fenol em fase líquida na organoargila HDTMA-arg 5 foram favoráveis, espontâneos e com interações físicas.