Interior Landscape Research Articles

Moving the Palace by Edward Gauvin

of separated parents, tries to reconnect with an indolent father who has married for the second time. The trip to Peru is also a trip toward the past, a hazy place where the character loses himself among a depressed, sometimes-incestuous mother, a grandfather who reads the Bible, and a family that is not his own. The charged atmosphere of this family is similar to the interior landscapes of the characters, whose memories and actions bear a meaning that the protagonist can hardly discern. The confusion is intentional and well crafted. But that’s what this novel is about: seeing when you cannot see, trying to see when the camanchaca has made everything blurred, putting together the pieces of a fragmented life to build a new life in the present. Among this novel’s many merits (which go far beyond the stylistic), Zúñiga has achieved something more: he has depicted, with astonishing perfection, the mediocrity of the Chilean middle class, its simplicity and its emptiness: characters who barely communicate and pass their time watching TV, sleeping, and eating sandwiches wherever they may be; half-brothers who hardly know each other and look at each other with jealousy; families whose only epic, at the end of the day, is an attempt to buy brand-name clothes and take care of a dying dog. Tolstoy once wrote: “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” I’m inclined to think that Zúñiga’s novel does welldeserved justice to this quote, but nonetheless , something is missing. Perhaps the correct quote would be: “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family (in Chile, at least) is boring in the same way.” Marcelo Rioseco University of Oklahoma Charif Majdalani. Moving the Palace. Trans. Edward Gauvin. New York. New Vessel Press. 2017. 200 pages. Moving the Palace won both the François Mauriac Prize from the Académie Fran- çaise and the Prix Tropiques, so one opens its pages with high expectations. It says something that a perusal of the novel’s opening paragraph assures the reader these expectations will not be disappointed. Moving the Palace’s title refers to the return of a certain expatriate Lebanese, Samuel Ayyad, from Sudan to his home country. World Literature in Review 98 WLT MAY–AUGUST 2017 Early in the last century, Ayyad, “Westernized , Anglophone, and Protestant to boot,” heads to Sudan to make his fortune, arriving there at a significant moment in that country’s history: Anglo-Egyptian armies have restored Sudan to its more powerful northern neighbor, itself still, of course, very much under British sway, after the revolt of the Mahdi, but imperial control has not yet been fully established; there is room for individual initiative and adventure . Ayyad acquires the palace of the title and decides to break it down into its constituent elements and take it home on the backs of a fleet of camels. Triumphs and mishaps ensue, but the final pages narrate Ayyad’s arrival near Beirut and his meeting the young woman he will marry. She will become the grandmother of the very narrator attempting to re-create imaginatively the experiences of his ancestors, with little to go on. It is one of the novel’s pleasures that its story takes place against pivotal moments of the half-mythic history of northern Africa and the Middle East: in addition to the aftermath of the disaster at Khartoum there are references to “the fabulous encounter between the black tribes and the crests, crimson capes, and eagles of Rome,” to Stanley finding Livingstone and Emin Pasha, and to the Arab Revolt of 1916, with Samuel Ayyad encountering T. E. Lawrence in an (apparently inconsequential) meeting in Prince Faisal’s camp. Another reliable source of delight is Majdalani’s writing, constantly alive and entrancing in Edward Gauvin’s translation. One reads of “a group of riders [getting] a shard of sunlight in the eye . . . gazelles galloping by, slow snooping hyenas, . . . stilted ostriches”—and much, much more. M. D. Allen University of Wisconsin–Fox Valley Junji Ito. Dissolving Classroom. Trans. Melissa Tanaka. New York. Vertical Comics. 2017. 174 pages. Dissolving Classroom is the sixth volume to translate...

Shifting embodied perspectives in dance teaching

Abstract Drawing on somatics, phenomenology, psychology, personal teaching strategies and feedback from dance students, this article discusses crossing the objectifying divide between first-person and third-person perspectives of embodiment in dance teaching. Traditionally, western dance training encodes a Cartesian object body, which can potentially confine dancers within an interior landscape that may be multifaceted and complex but not easily integrated or verbally articulated. This can be an objectifying experience for both student and teacher, and counterproductive within a third level education environment where students need to engage critically with new ideas and develop autonomous outlooks in order to be prepared for professional practice. Writing as a dance lecturer on a Bachelor of Fine Arts dance programme with a professional training focus, I chart some of my experiences of teaching, outlining the circumstances that have enabled the objectifying processes to soften and more open engagement with students to unfold.

A New Deal for Architectural Research

Introduction It is with great delight and pride that we announce that the good ship known as the ARENA Journal of Architectural Research, or AJAR for short, is now launched. A sizeable Editorial Team has created this new journal with help from an even larger and broader Editorial Board that spans around the world and includes many distinguished architects and academics. AJAR is an online Open Access peer-reviewed journal for all kinds of design research and scholarly research within the architectural field, and has been set up by the Architectural Research European Network Association (ARENA). This research network was established in late-2013 by leading researchers from 24 architectural schools across Europe, and since then the number of institutions involved has expanded to 30 schools and is rising steadily. ARENA now offers a shared platform that aims to promote, support, develop and disseminate high-quality research in all fields of architecture in the widest sense, including also its links to interior design, landscape architecture and urban design/urbanism. From the outset, the members of ARENA wanted above all to create a brand new online journal that would support the culture of European architectural research, especially by encouraging the exploration of emerging and transdisciplinary/interdisciplinary research fields. Today, with the launch of AJAR, we now have a major opportunity to exchange important ideas, communicate innovative forms of research, and generally strengthen the links between universities and architectural practices in Europe, as well as internationally. As is typical of the latest online journals, AJAR will not publish issues as such; instead we will upload all new material as soon as it has been approved and copy-edited, thereby creating a rolling programme of publication. Articles will be available in HTML for online reading and as PDFs for downloading. A number of key distinguishing features about AJAR ought to be stressed:

The Korean Translation of Das Kapital: Its Interior Landscape

The Korean Translation of Das Kapital: Its Interior Landscape

The Whole Complex of Feelings

The Whole Complex of Feelings Ravi Howard (bio) As we conducted the 2015 Callaloo Creative Writing Workshop at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, in Barbados, several university scholars and attendees mentioned the work of George Lamming. While his papers are housed at the university, there too was a wonderful spoken archive, conversations about the influence of the eighty-eight-year-old Barbadian writer and scholar. Lamming was a visiting professor in Africana studies and literary arts at Brown University, and he spent part of his early literary career in Great Britain. The 2015 CCWW moved through those same spaces, and our approach captured some of the ideas Lamming presented in his essay collection, The Sovereignty of the Imagination: The way we see, the way we hear, our nurtured sense of touch and smell, the whole complex of feelings which we call sensibility, is influenced by the particular features of the landscape that has been humanized by our work. The fiction of the participants sometimes showed the influence of place on characters as they reshaped landscapes and contemplated the changing idea of home. The interior landscapes were similarly built, using the “complexity of feeling” to shape a character’s imagination and feelings. The writing often sought a depth-of-field that balanced the interior and the physical world. Our discussions often focused on each writer’s style choices and personal approach. While writers often drew from shared histories and cultures, they recognized the role of imagination sovereignty and the rigor it requires. The result should be, as Lamming described, “the very flexible and varying ranges of language.” Both the USA and Barbados workshops encouraged a mixture of openness and questions as we considered the complexities of feeling and language used to measure them. Many writers will draw from history and a shared cultural memory, but those pieces are shaped through the rigors of process. We design the workshop to offer layers of questions to elevate that narrative shaping. Our approach shared space with Lamming’s ideas that challenge each author to build and sharpen the world through visual sharpness and layers of feeling. “This is the mark of cultural sovereignty—the free definition and articulation of the collective self, whatever the rigor of external constraints.” The multiple sites of the Callaloo Creative Writing Workshop engage writers in spaces that are home to some and new to others. But as Lamming’s ideas have suggested, the writer builds a homeland in the imagination and connects that space to their history, their present moment, or other connections. Just as Lamming considered home, his aesthetic, and cultural history, writing about his world and moving through it, the writers and their fiction show the various junctions and a compelling array of narrative sites and language. [End Page 612] Ravi Howard 2015 Callaloo Creative Writing Workshop Leader Ravi Howard RAVI HOWARD is author of two books of fiction, Driving the King (2015), and Like Trees, Walking (2007), a finalist for the Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award and winner of the coveted Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence (2008). For his fiction and nonfiction prose, he has been honored by the New Jersey Council on the Arts, the Hurston-Wright Foundation, Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, and the National Endowment for the Arts. His work on sports appeared on HBO, ESPN, Fox Sports 1, and NFL Network, and he was awarded a 2004 Sports Emmy for his work on HBO’s Inside the NFL. He has also published in the New York Times, Massachusetts Review, and Callaloo. This Montgomery, Alabama, native and Howard University graduate received the MFA degree in creative writing from the University of Virginia, where he served as the Editor-in-Chief of the literary magazine Meridian. He is an associate editor of Callaloo and teaches in the Callaloo Creative Writing Workshop (USA, UK, and Barbados). He lives in Atlanta, Georgia. Copyright © 2016 Johns Hopkins University Press

Early human settlement and natural formation of the Florida Everglades, USA: The Ichthyoarchaeological evidence

The Everglades, the largest subtropical wetland in North America, was initially formed by natural processes approximately 5000years ago and has since dominated the interior landscape of south Florida. Scattered throughout this vast freshwater marsh are tree islands, small clusters of trees situated on slightly elevated ground, which stand out conspicuously amid the surrounding lower vegetation. As the only dry land available, tree islands were ideal for human settlements in the distant past and contain numerous archeological sites. Recent excavations at several sites lend further support to existing evidence that human populations had initially camped on these interior tree islands quite early in time. One such site is Heartleaf Hammock, where rich well-preserved midden deposits demonstrate that people intensively occupied and used locally available aquatic resources, especially fish, as early as 4400years ago. Moreover, the kinds and relative quantities of fish and other freshwater fauna represented indicate that the Everglades wetland marsh ecosystem was already in existence at the time of this early human occupation.

Vespiform Thrips Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Insecta:Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae)

Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford is a predatory thrips with a pantropical distribution. The distinctive red, humped-back larvae and fast-moving ant-like adults are predaceous on small arthropods. In addition to being easily mistaken for an ant, this beneficial thrips is unusual in that it constructs a silken cocoon within which it pupates. Males of this species are rare. This species is sold for use as a biological control agent in botanical gardens, zoos, interior landscapes, research greenhouses, nurseries with ornamental plants as well as outdoors in subtropical regions. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Runqian Mao, Yingfang Xiao, and Steven P. Arthurs, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, March 2015. (Photo credit: Runqian Mao, UF/IFAS)
 EENY621/IN1083: Vespiform Thrips Franklinothrips vespiformis Crawford (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) (ufl.edu)

The Impact of Modularized Interior Landscape on Office Workers’ Psychological Wellbeing

As office workers tend to spend more time indoors nowadays, the importance of physical environments has been emphasized. Those who work longer hours in the office are likely to get more stress from the environments. A number of studies have proved that the plants (natural elements) were effective in relieving stress. Therefore, it is concluded that interior landscape is effective on enhancing the psychological wellbeing of office workers.The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the best modularized designs through rating psychological indices, and (2) to prove its effectiveness by applying those designs onto actual office environments.This study was conducted from April, 2012 to April, 2013. The subjects of the study were comprised of 124 juniors and seniors in Seoul Women’s University. They are university students who are seeking jobs upon graduation. To this end, field investigations, surveys, and literature reviews were conducted.The results of the study indicated as follows: First, the most optimal models for psychological wellbeing have been derived. Second, the interior landscape had a positive effect on the psychological wellbeing of the office workers. On the basis of these findings, interior landscape with greens plays a big role in promoting the psychological wellbeing of the office workers. Also, its effect can be maximized when modularized design is combined with interior landscape. The limit of this study lies in its simplicity of design elements as emotional design aspects were quantified for statistical processing. In the near future, further studies focusing on various design elements need to be carried out. To sum up, the researcher hopes that these findings contribute to psychological recovery of the office workers, and interior landscape becomes more prevalent in the workplace. Keywords: modularized design, physical environments, psychological recovery

Colour Wars: Personality, Textiles and the Art of the Interior in 1930s Britain

Throughout the interwar period, the British home became the battleground on which a colour war was waged by interior decorators and theorists alike. All-white schemes, embodied in the work of Syrie Maugham, for example, were contrasted with interiors furnished with colourful printed textiles, which were said, by some interior decorators, to be better suited to adding personality and character to the modern British home. By the 1930s, printed textiles were also seen as a way of resuscitating a moribund national industry while responding to aesthetic developments occurring in countries such as France and Germany. This article seeks to uncover how colour, in the form of printed textiles destined for the home, was a primary agent in the definition and elucidation of a distinctly British sense of modernism in the 1930s, at the very moment when continental styles were making their way onto the island. Toward this end, the article turns its attention to the colour-soaked interior landscape produced and advocated by painter, designer and textile manufacturer Allan Walton (1892–1948), whose furnishing textiles were largely the product of collaborations with leading British painters who, for him, were the fulcrum in the renewal and growth of national industries.

Influence of Chinese and Western Culture on Modern Church Architecture in Yan’an Area

Based on the historical records and field investigation, this paper aims at elaborating the architectural styles, interior space design and architectural landscape of modern church architecture in Yan’an, analyzing the influence of Chinese and western culture on modern church architecture in Yan’an and expounding the historical and cultural value as church architecture, which will play a great role in the protection, inheritance and utilization of modern architecture in Yan’an area.

Fort Marion Prisoners and the Trauma of Native Education by Diane Glancy (review)

FORT MARION PRISONERS AND THE TRAUMA OF NATIVE EDUCATION. By Diane Glancy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 2014.Diane Glancy's remarkably imaginative and gripping text, Fort Marion Prisoners and the Trauma of Native Education, leaves an indelible imprint on the reader. Interlacing history, oral traditions, and personal experience, Glancy provides a compelling narrative of the experiences of the Kiowa, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Comanche, and Caddo forcibly moved by the US military in 1875 from Fort Sill, OK to the Fort Marion prison in Florida. Fort Marion Prisoners weaves the author's discussion of her own experiences as a Native American growing up and working in the mainstream educational system throughout the text connecting those experiences with the traumatic educational experiences of these earlier native prisoners. Glancy poignantly notes, write about my education was to begin speaking of others-those earlier voices coming and going, convening from the past. To speak with one's voice was to let others speak first...How to operate as an individual in a tradition that centers on community was the gap in one's thinking that had to be covered (89).Glancy utilizes a range of sources-from archival documents from the prison, to Native such as ledger drawings and prisoner carvings on cellblock walls, to material objects like the life casts of the prisoners. Although previous scholars have devoted attention to many of these sources, Glancy effectively expands the archive by making this documentary evidence of the Native prisoners' experiences legible in new ways. Bringing together the fragments of (45) contained in the multiple narratives of the prisoners and the other variant (44), Glancy makes a critical intervention through her focus on historical memory which she characterizes as the landscape of tribal voices and events that come over the lanes of traffic...as I re-drive their space (60). By incorporating her own intellectual and emotional journey taken in the process of traveling across the same physical spaces as the prisoners, Glancy's personal narrative becomes a powerful vehicle for an imaginative engagement with the spaces and texts of the Native prisoners. This imaginative re-creation of a well-known but little understood history gives powerful new voice to the interior landscapes of Native agency and subjectivity that have been largely erased in historical narratives and hidden within archival sources. …

업무공간에서 모듈화 된 실내조경이 업무자의 심리적 회복에 미치는 효과 - 업무공간 벽면조경을 중심으로 한 예비연구 -

As office workers tend to spend more time indoors nowadays, the importance of physical environments has been emphasized. Those who work longer hours in the office are likely to get more stress from the environments. A number of studies have proved that the plants (natural elements) were effective in relieving stress. Therefore, it is concluded that interior landscape is effective on enhancing the psychological wellbeing of office workers. The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to determine the best modulized designs through rating psychological indices, and (2) to prove its effectiveness by applying those designs onto actual office environments. This study was conducted from April, 2012 to November, 2012. The subjects of the study were comprised of 154 juniors and seniors in Seoul Women's University. They are university students who are seeking jobs upon graduation. To this end, field investigations, surveys, and literature reviews were conducted. The results of the study indicated as follows: First, the most optimal models for psychological wellbeing have been derived. Second, the interior landscape had a positive effect on the psychological wellbeing of the office workers. On the basis of these findings, interior landscape with greens plays a big role in promoting the psychological wellbeing of the office workers. Also, its effect can be maximized when modulized design is combined with interior landscape. The limit of this study lies in its simplicity of design elements as emotional design aspects were quantified for statistical processing. In the near future, further studies focusing on various design elements need to be carried out. To sum up, the researcher hopes that these findings contribute to psychological recovery of the office workers, and interior landscape becomes more prevalent in the workplace.

Re-Imagining the Border: Border Art as a Space of Critical Imagination and Creative Resistance

Contemporary world is increasingly marked by borders, fences and walls, which run through the spaces we live in. Borders are the result of a composite articulation of material aspects, concerning their external realisation, and structures of imagination, symbolic constructs and conceptual formations that involve the border and make it meaningful. In this dynamic and mutable field, artistic practices and interventions can interrupt and alterate the logic of the border, opening up a space of resistance and critical imagination, where the transparent, immutable and essentialist representation of the border is constantly challenged. Works of artists such as Bajevic, Hatoum, Salcedo, Rosver and Meredith-Vula will be analysed. They are used to transforming this separation, which they have usually lived personally, in symbolic landscape like interior landscapes. Working on imagination and creating alternative spaces, artists are able to challenge dominant representations and hegemonic discourses, making the border an active site of resistance and struggle.

Ecofriendly Environment Design for Disabled Children Development

The article is devoted to question of ensuring the normal environment for children with limited mobility. This category includes children with impaired hearing, vision, speech, intelligence, musculoskeletal system, disorders of emotional and volitional and with learning difficulties. Such children can successfully live an active, busy life, can adapt to the environment, to learn and develop. Their life and movement restrict the space of the apartment, because these children often don't have the opportunity to attend the kindergarten. In this situation, the creation of intra-garden with game elements may be the only affordable way to commune with nature in a closed volume of apartment high-rise building in a big city. Positive effect of plants on physical and mental health of the child proved scientifically. A properly designed «Green playroom» is able to lighten the mood, stimulate the child to physical activity to relieve stress. Its importance for the inquisitive little man is hard to overestimate. Not only biological, but also «social» connection arise between the child and plants in urban settings. Plants variety of activities child and «heals» indoor climate. Nowadays phytodesign develops actively. «Adaptive» and «game» phytodesign should be its subsections. Its goal is to explore ways of interior landscaping in terms of access for different types of disabled.

Oral history, community, and work in the American West

Oral History, Community, and Work in the American West. Edited by Jessie L. Embry. (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2013. Pp. v + 350, preface, introduction, photographs, afterword, contributors, index. $30.00 paper.)Oral History, Community, and Work in the American West is a collection of fifteen essays and an afterword written by individual scholars working in the western United States. According to editor Jessie L. Embry, the book as a whole examines the ways in which oral history a voice to people who rarely leave a written record...people of color, people from many different economic classes, and people with different religious views (2). The essays are divided into three parts: the uses of oral history, ways in which oral history represents overlooked groups, and oral history is in some cases the singular source of about a specific group. All three categories and the essays within illustrate that interviewing is not a new technique in historical research, but like history itself, its uses have evolved over time (3).The first section on the uses of oral history, called Reflections, contains three chapters: Embry on stories about work and in oral histories at the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies at Brigham Young University in Utah, Barbara Allen Bogart on creating through oral history, and Laurie Mercier on probing memory and experience. Each chapter looks at deeper interior landscapes, oral histories are open to interpretation, and one body of interviews can serve multiple purposes. Mercier's essay in particular is an eye-opener-it encourages us to return to already collected bodies of interviews to look for new and different meanings.While the first part of the book establishes oral history interviews as an anchor to insights and broader meanings, the second section expresses a core of regional characteristics while demonstrating how oral history gives voice to groups that were neglected in the old western history and continue to be underrepresented in the new western history, often because of limited sources (5). The emphasis on the American West is seen through projects that focus on community and/or work (encompassing both paid and unpaid labor) in nine chapters that present immigrant experiences, women's work, ethnic and racial perspectives, and the social impact and social control of history (the story) itself. These include: Indian economies in Northern California (William Bauer), Mexican Americans and the power of place (Jose M. Alamillo), labor in the Southwest (Skott Brandon Vigil), Japanese Americans in Colorado (Georgia Wier), the Las Vegas African Americans (Claytee White), women's work in Las Vegas (Joanne L. Goodwin), women's adventures in Alaska (Sandra K. Mathews), nursing school in Utah (John Sillito, Sarah Langsdon, and Marci Farr), and Utah women's activism (Melanie Newport).Part three of the book shows how oral history is often the only source of information (6). Articles on Mormons in Fort Collins, Colorado (Linda M. Meyer), fieldwork at the Nevada test site (Leisl Carr Childers), and orchard farming in Utah (Kristi Young) cover a wide range of places and topics, yet all the chapters present cases in which oral history provides the sole historical resource for understanding complex relationships, whether they be family histories, or conflicts as well as caring between such communities as ranchers and plant workers living near radioactive fallout sites. …

Room with a VDU: The Development of the “Glass House” in the Corporate Workplace

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the presentation of early computer technology and its reception by the public had a causal effect on the design of computer products. It also argues that the desire to show computers in operation led to the emergence and proliferation of the “glass house,” a particular element of the commercial interior landscape of the 1960s and 1970s. These glass-walled secure areas, built to house mainframe computer installations, appeared in order to meet the conflicting requirements of environmental stability, controlled access, and the conspicuous display of corporate status. Although such glass houses disappeared as computers developed from large, centralized systems into distributed networks of standalone computers, this article posits that the widespread adoption of the glass house not only had a profound effect on the visual design of computers themselves but also led to the growth of a range of subsidiary industries, as well as having a lasting impact on the perception and reception of computers in the workplace and attitudes towards the specialist staff involved in their maintenance.

Remixing Religion in Hanne Ørstavik’s Presten and Lars Amund Vaage’s Tangentane

More than a century after Nietzsche's madman accused human race of deicide, alleged murder of God is still working its way through courts of academic philosophy, theology, and literary criticism. (1) While it seemed by late twentieth century that death of God was an undisputed event among intellectuals and artists in oil-wealthy, largely secular Norway, new millennium has seen a renewed focus in public sphere on issues of faith, including in works of literature. Already in 1990s conspicuous increase in religious themes in Norwegian novels baffled and irritated critics like Eivind Tjonneland (1999) who called for an ideological critique of this culturally regressive, moralistic, and puritanical trend. Yet growing presence of spiritual themes and religious language did not signal a resurgence of orthodox Christian belief as much as a search for new frontiers of literary expression beyond die-hard historical materialism. Dag Solstad, a prominent radical of Profil-generation, has clarified for record that he was compelled to bring God into his 1996 novel Professor Andersens natt (Professor Andersen's Night) in obedience to an esthetic law that demands epic integrity, even when it forces him to violate his own sensibilities. (2) Three-quarters of early critics ignored God's centrality in work, Solstad claims, perhaps because they found it embarrassing, but also because they did not understand inherent principle in construction of novels, det genuint romanmessige ved en roman (2013, 14) [the genuine novel-ness of a novel]. In a similar vein, Lars Amund Vaage (2001) has identified novel as most vital literary form in postmodern times, thanks to its broad exploratory power, which does not privilege scientific over subjective or explanation over intimation (73). (3) While some critics lament mere inclusion of a metaphysical dimension, others are confounded by heterodox representation of religion in contemporary works of literature. Ase Kallestad (2004) argues that Norwegian literature from 1990s reveals a diffuse theological longing in main characters, but she concludes that their idiosyncratic relationships to God do not represent any religion. (4) Kallestad claims rather that works by several leading Norwegian authors, including Solstad and Hanne 0rstavik, have unearthed a postmodern, sometimes masochistic, theological individualism--a longing for subjugation to a higher power without comfort of personal salvation or collective worship practices (204-6). However, two novels that appeared shortly after turn of millenium, Orstavik's Presten (2004; The Pastor) and Vaage's Tangentane (2005; The Piano Keys), place spotlight directly on members of Lutheran clergy against backdrop of contemporary congregations. These works foreground experience of practicing pastors who question call to ministry and effectiveness of their response. Appearing during a decade of political discussion and revision of status of Church of Norway, both novels point to current ecclesiastical challenges and criticize key aspects of institutional religion, but they do not dismiss it as irrelevant. By exposing scarred and shifting interior landscapes of pastors in midst of a crisis of calling, authors draw attention to both individual and interpersonal dimensions of religious identity in post-Christian Norway. In their very different performances, these texts recognize phenomenology of religious practice as a wellspring of literary innovation. Their common themes and sharply contrasting fictional discourses invite a comparative reading. The immediate issue for protagonists in Presten and Tangentane is how to go forward with call to ministry, when the Word has lost its power. Kallestad (2004) found that Norwegian authors employ biblical and mystical language to convey deep spiritual longing that their characters experience. …

Phil Watts, Reader of Rancière

title given to my remarks in the program, which I've kept here, is a bit misleading, for I am not going to try to situate Phil Watts among the interpreters of Jacques Ranciere. Were I to do that, it might involve my looking at whether Phil's ideas about Ranciere made sense, or if they illuminated a particular aspect of his thought; or, I might try to gauge how compelling his reading of Ranciere was by comparing it with of others--perhaps some of the readers of Ranciere whom Phil chose to include in the volume he coedited with Gabriel Rockhill in 2009. Instead, I'd like to do something different and try to see what effect reading Ranciere had on Phil's trajectory. I want to see what Phil's encounter with Jacques Ranciere enabled him to do differently, if anything. Did it cause him to use different materials or approach the same materials differently, from another angle? I want to see whether ideas Phil once considered significant or illuminating no longer seemed so, as well as what new relations or transversals between ideas he was able to make happen, what new modes of seeing and thinking became available to him after he began reading Ranciere. In short, Phil's poetique, to use a word that reappears throughout his writing: what he made of the texts he read and thinkers he encountered, the path he made for himself and was making when he died, what vistas were open to him and which had closed down. Where was he heading? Not, then, what it was that he knew about Jacques Ranciere but what he did with him. To quote one of Phil's favorite maxims from Joseph Jacotot, the ignorant schoolmaster, The first virtue of our intelligence is less to know than to make. 'Knowing is nothing, doing, making is everything.' (1) Very quickly, then, I want to suggest that after reading through Phil's work, some of which I knew, and some of which was new to me, it seems to me that his encounter with Jacques Ranciere was taking Phil away from a primarily ethical perspective and making him into a political thinker. movement I am looking at is this one: the move from The Spirit of the Trial (the title of the last chapter of Allegories of the Purge, the prizewinning book he wrote based on his thesis) to the title he gave to his Cerisy lecture on Ranciere, namely, Images of Equality. move from the chronotope of the trial, in other words, to the practice of equality. (Had we more time we might also trace out the transition from allegory to image, but that is another matter.) Justice, as Roland Barthes remarked in Mythologies, is a weighing operation and scales can only weigh like against like, human against human--a fundamentally ethical operation, fraught, like the immediate aftermath of World War II in France that became the subject of Phil's book, with accusations and verdicts, responsibilities and betrayals, collaborations, deceits, compromises, testimonies, retributions--the whole panoply of equivocations and the interior landscape of ambivalence surrounding individual moral and ethical choices. (2) subject of World War II itself, particularly in its French guise, is dominated by the trope of collaboration, a moral stain that Roland Barthes would argue from his more lighthearted perch in the mid-1950s was being washed away again and again in the state-led consumer frenzy for laundry detergents and shiny surfaces. subject matter of World War II lends itself to ethical reflections. And such reflections were also the dominant mode of thought during the years when Phil was writing his book in the 1980s--a period Daniel Bensaid characterized as one of massive judiciary escalation. (3) Bensaid was referring in part to the trend that flourished in the 1980s involving historians showing up in trials in France as expert witnesses. (The historian Henry Rousso, who figures prominently in Phil's book, wrote eloquently against such a practice.) That Phil was himself a scholar socialized in the 1980s was made very vivid to me by a remark he makes in passing in his notes for his new book: he refers to those of us for whom Deleuze's Image-temps was the first book we read by him. …

The locations of memory: Migration and transnational cultural memory as challenges for art history

Abstract In the contemporary world, a considerable number of artists are on the move, due to the triple processes of globalization, decolonization and migration. Migrant artists, and also cosmopolitan artists that travel widely, are transnational cultural workers with ties to several places. As ‘bridging persons’, migrant artists have more than one sense of home, and they play a seminal role in the translation between cultures, and in the transformations between the local and the global. However, the multiple cultural references in their works also raise the difficult question of the provenance of their art. This article addresses the issue of how transnational cultural memory is articulated in works by migrant artists, as well as how to access it analytically. After outlining the general issues concerning the impact of migration on contemporary art, the article explores the usefulness of three conceptual frameworks: hybridity (Homi Bhabha, Stuart Hall); migratory aesthetics (Mieke Bal); and the notion of the work of art as a migrant’s event (Syed Manzurul Islam). Taking British Palestinian artist Mona Hatoum as my example, it is my contention that her exhibition ‘Interior Landscape’ (Venice, 2009) constitutes a migrant’s event.

Behavior of Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) preying upon gall-forming thrips Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

The gall-forming thrips Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is recorded in all regions where its host plant, Ficus microcarpa (Marchal) (Moraceae), has been cultivated as an urban and interior landscape plant species, including potted plants and bonsai. Similarly, the thrips predator Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) has generally followed the prey distribution. The gall induced by thrips degrades the plant foliage, and the thrips themselves can be annoying for people both outdoors and indoors. The galls, however, create a microcosm with all developmental stages of the thrips and its predator. In this study we present the first records of M. confusa in South America, document the species’ widespread concomitant occurrence across Brazil, and report our studies of three aspects of M. confusa predation upon the eggs, larvae/prepupae, and adults of G. ficorum thrips: (i) functional response of the predator adult female as a function of different densities of thrips eggs, larvae/prepupae and adults separately: (ii) predation on eggs by adult M. confusa with adult thrips present in the gall; and (iii) adult M. confusa prey preferences when all thrips stages occurred simultaneously in the gall. For all three thrips life stages tested, the predator exhibited a type II functional response. Despite the availability of different life stages in the gall, M. confusa adults are capable of preying upon all life stages of G. ficorum, predation was preferentially on thrips eggs, with an estimated ∼10-fold greater predation on eggs compared to larvae/prepupae and adult thrips. Egg predation was unaffected by the presence of defensive adult thrips in the gall under low densities (<30 eggs/gall) but when egg densities were greater than 30 eggs/gall, it was reduced when adult thrips were present. However, the relative number of thrips adults per gall did not statistically change the outcome.