Intergenerational Transmission Of Attitudes Research Articles

By the soil divided: The roots of geographical variation in English social conservatism

Using English data, we show that geographical variation in measures of social conservatism in the 19th and 21st centuries is strongly associated with variation in measures of social conservatism in the 17th century. Our statistical model includes a range of 19th-century and 21st-century economic and demographic characteristics, so the inter-temporal persistence in social conservatism is not to be explained by persistence in these characteristics. The association is still present when we fit a model with instrumental variables for the measures of 17th-century social conservatism, which suggests that the association is not a consequence of persistence in unobserved heterogeneity across locations. Rather, there does appear to be some inter-generational transmission of attitudes. A great deal of attention has been paid to the volatility of the British electorate in recent years, but our results show that the continuity in the country's political geography should not be overlooked.

Intergenerational transmission of risk attitudes in Burkina Faso

Previous research shows that transmission of attitudes in the family is gendered. However, there are limited findings about intergenerational transmission of risk attitudes and whether it is gendered. This study replicates the findings by Dohmen et al. (Rev Econ Stud 79(2):645–677) for Germany by using quantitative data from Burkina Faso in 2014 to analyze three different self-reported risk questions. Our results show a strong intergenerational transmission of attitudes from parents to children in which positive assortative mating strengthens the parents’ transmission of attitudes to her child. Mothers’ transmissions are stronger for their daughters than sons. For fathers, the pattern is inverted. Our findings also show the existence of heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission within a male- and female-dominated risk domain. This supports the gender-specific role model hypothesis. Furthermore, we find support for the transmission of attitudes from the local environment to the child, but the strength and significance of this transmission decrease when controlling for parents’ attitudes.

Mixed methods assessment of women\u2019s risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that affects one in three women globally and a similarly large number of women in Nepal. Although important policy and programmatic steps have been taken to address violence against women in Nepal over the past decade, there is still a gap on IPV research in Nepal, particularly with regard to social norms.MethodsThis mixed-methods study used in-depth interviews with women and their husbands as well as baseline survey data from a cluster randomized trial testing a primary prevention intervention for IPV to examine the prevalence and risk factors for IPV. Baseline survey data included 1800 women from Nawalparasi, Chitwan, and Kapilvastu districts in Nepal. Multivariate regression was used to identify risk and protective factors for exposure to physical and / or sexual IPV in the prior 12 months. Case-based analysis was used to analyze one of 18 pairs of in-depth interviews to examine risk and protective factors within marriages.ResultsOf 1800 eligible participants, 455 (25.28%) were exposed to IPV. In multivariate analyses, low caste, wife employment, income stress, poor marital communication, quarrelling, husband drunkenness, exposure to IPV as a child, in-law violence, and gender inequitable normative expectations were associated with IPV. The selected case interview represented common themes identified in the analysis including the wife’s exposure to violence as a child, husband alcohol use, and marital quarrelling.ConclusionsGender inequitable norms in the community and the intergenerational transmission of attitudes and behaviors supportive of IPV are important to address in intervention measures.

The Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes: Analyzing Time Preferences and Reciprocity

The present research adds to the question on intergenerational correlation of attitudes between parents and children. So far, it is not clear whether the transmission process is purely genetic or whether parents take an active role in socializing their children. The transmission of time preferences and reciprocity is analyzed by focusing on three aspects: (1) direct transmission from parents to children; (2) the impact of prevailling attitudes in children’s surrounding environment; (3) parents’ positive assortative mating. The findings support all three channels. Differences in the size of the intergenerational correlation according to family or parental characteristics suggest that the process is not purely genetic. The present analysis is of even greater importance, as the analyzed attitudes determine economic success sustainably.

Saying and Doing Gender: Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes towards the Sexual Division of Labour

The persistence of gender inequalities in the division of paid and unpaid work poses an important question for gender socialization research: what matters most for the intergenerational transmission of gender-role attitudes, parental own attitudes or parental behaviours? Recent explanations in cultural economics suggest that intentional attitudinal transmission is the main driver of cultural reproduction. In line with classical sex-role learning models, we contend, however, that what parents do is at least as important as what parents say for gender-role transmission. Using data for British children aged between 11 and 15 we estimate the independent influence of each of these two socialization channels on children’s attitudes towards the sexual division of labour (ASDL). We show that both parental attitudes and parental behaviours are crucial in the formation of children’s ASDL, and that parental influences are stronger when they operate through same-sex dyads. We also show that mothers’ time out of the labour force is a stronger predictor of children’s ASDL than either mothers’ or fathers’ own attitudes. Finally, analysis of a subset of the children followed into their early adult lives shows that ASDL formed in childhood have significant and lasting consequences for both adults’ gender attitudes and their behaviours.

Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes toward Poverty in Israel: A Comparison between Three Generations Families’ of Jewish and Arab Social Work Students

Background, Given that many social workers in fact work with the economically disadvantaged, it may be assumed that their attitudes stem from their academic studies combined with attitudes acquired through intergenerational transmission. The study poses two main questions: 1) what are the attitudes of Israeli social work students, as well as those of their parents and their grandparents towards the causes of poverty? 2) How does each of the three generation’ members approach the question “what is the best way for the state to deal with the problem of poverty? Methods , The convenient sample consisted of 218 Arab and Jewish families, with three self-report questionnaires per family for the three generations. Results, findings indicated that the majority of participants, in all three generations, considered the socio-structural factor to be the most significant cause of poverty. Similarly, most participants in this study also reported that they preferred that the state expand its welfare program and increase the budgets in order to assist the population in need and thus address the poverty problem.

“When Are You Getting Married?” The Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes Regarding Marital Timing and Marital Importance

Using a sample of 335 young adults and their parents, this study investigated the intergenerational transmission of marital attitudes from parents to their children and how parental marital quality moderates that relationship. Results suggested that the marital attitudes of both mothers and fathers are related to the marital attitudes of their children. Parents’ marital quality had little direct impact on the marital attitudes of their young adult children but did moderate the relationship between fathers’ marital attitudes and their young adults’ marital attitudes. The association between fathers’ marital attitudes and their children’s marital attitudes increased at higher levels of marital quality.

On Intergenerational Transmission of Reading Habits in Italy: Is a Good Example the Best Sermon?

The intergenerational transmission of preference and attitudes has been less investigated in the literature than the intergenerational transmission of education and income. Using the Italian Time Use Survey (2002-2003) conducted by ISTAT, we analyse the intergenerational transmission of reading habits: are children more likely to allocate time to studying and reading when they observe their parents doing the same activity? The intergeneration transmission of attitudes towards studying and reading can be explained by both cultural and educational transmission from parents to children and by imitating behaviours. The latter channel is of particular interest, since it entails a direct influence parents may have on child's preference formation through their role model, and it opens the scope for active policies aimed at promoting good parents' behaviours. We follow two fundamental approaches to estimation: a model, consisting of OLS intergenerational type regressions for the reading habit, and household fixed effect models, where we aim at identifying the impact of the role model exerted by parents, exploiting different exposure of sibling to parents' example within the same household. Our long run results show that children are more likely to read and study when they live with parents that are used to read. Mothers seem to be more important than fathers in this type of intergenerational transmission. Moreover, the short run analysis shows that there is an imitation effect: in the day of the survey children are more likely to read after they saw either the mother or the father reading.

Family Traditionalism and Family Structure

The present study examined how tolerance toward nontraditional family forms relates to family structure, by examining differences between youngsters and parents from intact and postdivorce families. We also explored whether intergenerational transmission of attitudes toward nontraditional family forms differed between intact and postdivorce families. We made use of three-wave longitudinal data of 959 adolescents and young adults aged 12 years to 24 years at the first wave, and also of one of the parents. Longitudinal multilevel analyses revealed that both youngsters and parents of postdivorce families are more tolerant toward nontraditional family forms and that parental attitude transmission is significantly lower in families after a divorce. Results apply to respondents of a broad age range. Several explanations are suggested for the flawed intergenerational transmission of attitudes in postdivorce families.

Transmission of Attitudes regarding Family Life from Parents to Adolescents in Israel

This study dealt with intergenerational transmission of attitudes toward family life from parents to their adolescent children in Israel. Family life attitudes were examined in relation to 3 topics: gender roles, divorce, and homosexuality. The sample consisted of 300 participants: 15-year-old adolescents ( n = 51 girls and 49 boys), their fathers ( n = 100), and their mothers ( n = 100). Significant correlations were found between the attitudes of the children and those of their parents. However, fathers’ attitudes toward gender roles and divorce correlated more strongly with those of their sons than with those of their daughters. No significant differences were found in the correlations between the attitudes of mothers and those of their children, or between the attitudes of the daughters and those of the parents. However, sons’ attitudes toward divorce were more traditional than those of both parents, and sons’ gender role attitudes were more traditional than those of their mothers.

The Impact of Birth Order on Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes from Parents to Adolescent Sons: The Israeli Case

This study deals with birth order and its impact on intergenerational transmission of parental attitudes to adolescent sons in Israeli society. The sample included 294 participants (including 98 mothers, 98 fathers, and 98 sons). The attitudes chosen were key issues of concern in Israeli society: gender role attitudes, ethnic stereotypes, and attitudes toward immigrants from the former USSR (disposition toward contact and empathy toward immigrants). The findings indicate that birth order impacts on intergenerational transmission of attitudes from parents to adolescents, although the nature of this impact is different for mothers and fathers. The correlation between fathers' attitudes and those of their sons were strongest for the firstborn, and decreased according to birth order. The reverse trend was found for mothers. In addition, firstborns expressed greater willingness to approach immigrants than did middle and younger children. Regarding gender role attitudes and ethnic stereotypes, no impact was found for birth order. Compared with other family members, mothers expressed the most liberal gender role attitudes, and children expressed the least stereotyped attitudes toward ethnic groups, especially compared with their fathers.

Transmission of Attitudes Regarding Family Life From Parents to Adolescents in Israel

This study dealt with intergenerational transmission of attitudes toward family life from parents to their adolescent children in Israel. Family life attitudes were examined in relation to 3 topics: gender roles, divorce, and homosexuality. The sample consisted of 300 participants: 15-year-old adolescents (n = 51 girls and 49 boys), their fathers (n = 100), and their mothers (n = 100). Significant correlations were found between the attitudes of the children and those of their parents. However, fathers' attitudes toward gender roles and divorce correlated more strongly with those of their sons than with those of their daughters. No significant differences were found in the correlations between the attitudes of mothers and those of their children, or between the attitudes of the daughters and those of the parents. However, sons' attitudes toward divorce were more traditional than those of both parents, and sons' gender role attitudes were more traditional than those of their mothers.

Power: A dimension of family abuse

Much research into family violence and abuse has focussed on the defining characteristics of different kinds of abusive behaviour. This paper draws attention to one possible common aspect of all family abuse; namely the asymmetry of power between the abuser and the victim. This is most commonly characterised as either the mis‐use of unequal generational or gender power. The issue of the mis‐use of power in family relationships is examined in relation to the extent to which it is socially sanctioned, varies among different social groups, and is a part of “normal” family relationships. The intergenerational transmission of attitudes towards power use is considered. It is argued that certain patterns of parenting, which are not currently regarded as abusive, may pre‐dispose individuals to misuse power in an abusive manner in later adult life. The implications of this view for future research in this area are discussed.