Interference Terms Research Articles

Threshold dynamics of an uncertain SIRS epidemic model with a bilinear incidence

This paper mainly discusses the extinction and persistent dynamic behavior of infectious diseases with temporary immunity. Considering that the transmission process of infectious diseases is affected by environmental fluctuations, stochastic SIRS models have been proposed, while the outbreak of diseases is sudden and the interference terms that affect disease transmission cannot be qualified as random variables. Liu process is introduced based on uncertainty theory, which is a new branch of mathematics for describing uncertainty phenomena, to describe uncertain disturbances in epidemic transmission. This paper first extends the classic SIRS model from a deterministic framework to an uncertain framework and constructs an uncertain SIRS infectious disease model with constant input and bilinear incidence. Then, by means of Yao-Chen formula, α-path of uncertain SIRS model and the corresponding ordinary differential equations are obtained to introduce the uncertainty threshold function R 0 * as the basic reproduction number. Moreover, two equilibrium states are derived. A series of numerical examples show that the larger the value of R 0 * , the more difficult it is to control the disease. If R 0 * ≤ 1 , the infectious disease will gradually disappear, while if R 0 * > 1 , the infectious disease will develop into a local epidemic.

A Virtual System and Method for Autonomous Navigation Performance Testing of Unmanned Surface Vehicles

An overall framework of the virtual testing system has been established based on the analysis of the virtual testing requirements for autonomous navigation performance of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). This system consists of several modules, including the environment module, motion module, sensor module, and 3D visualization module. Firstly, within the robot operating system (ROS) environment, a three-dimensional navigation environment was generated by combining actual wave spectra with Gerstner waves. By designing a power plugin for USV navigation, the system was made to reflects the coupled motion model of USVs in wind, waves and currents, along with predictive results. Regarding the four typical sensor information on USVs, the actual sensors were virtualized, and a simulation approach for virtual sensor information is provided. The three-dimensional visualization of USV’s motion enables the intuitive display and analysis of the virtual testing process. Based on the prediction of coupled motion characteristics in wind, waves and currents, the interaction between USVs and the virtual testing system has been realized. A platform for virtual testing experiments to determine the autonomous navigation performance of USVs was established, and the effectiveness of the platform was verified in terms of perception and environmental interference. In virtual environmental interference validation, the average amplitude deviation of the heave motion of USVs under sea state 3 reaches 0.74 m, and the average amplitude deviation of the pitch motion reaches 0.25 rad, showing the gradually increasing disturbance of the sea state. Finally, virtual testing experiments were conducted on a specific USV to evaluate its autonomous navigation perception performance, trajectory tracking performance, and autonomous obstacle avoidance. The evaluation results indicate that the platform can achieve the functionality of virtual testing for the autonomous navigation performance of USVs from the perspective of cost function, taking the reaction distance, regression distance, and obstacle avoidance time into consideration. A representative example is that the cost function deviation rates of overtaking obstacle avoidance between static and dynamic seas reach 5.11%, 8.98% and 18.43%, respectively. The gradually increasing data shows that the virtual simulating method matches the drifting-off-course tendency of boats in rough seas. This includes acquiring perception information of navigation and simulating the motion and navigation processes for visualization. The platform provides new means for testing and evaluating the autonomous navigation performance of USVs.

Performance Analysis of Container Effect in Deep Learning Workloads and Implications

Container-based deep learning has emerged as a cutting-edge trend in modern AI applications. Containers have several merits compared to traditional virtual machine platforms in terms of resource utilization and mobility. Nevertheless, containers still pose challenges in executing deep learning workloads efficiently with respect to resource usage and performance. In particular, multi-tenant environments are vulnerable to the performance of container-based deep learning due to conflicts of resource usage. To quantify the container effect in deep learning, this article captures various event traces related to deep learning performance using containers and compares them with those captured on a host machine without containers. By analyzing the system calls invoked and various performance metrics, we quantify the effect of containers in terms of resource consumption and interference. We also explore the effects of executing multiple containers to highlight the issues that arise in multi-tenant environments. Our observations show that containerization can be a viable solution for deep learning workloads, but it is important to manage resources carefully to avoid excessive contention and interference, especially for storage write-back operations. We also suggest a preliminary solution to avoid the performance bottlenecks of page-faults and storage write-backs by introducing an intermediate non-volatile flushing layer, which improves I/O latency by 82% on average.

Coupling Projection Synchronization of Three Chaotic Systems and Its Multilevel Secure Communication via DNA CRNs

The complete synchronization of two chaotic systems and its secure communication have been considered based on DNA chemical reaction networks (DNA CRNs). There are concerns about the security of the single-level chaotic secure communication system. Thereby a multi-level secure communication scheme is put forward via DNA CRNs in this work. Firstly, a three-variable chaotic system that consists of catalysis, double, fasciation, and annihilation modules is constructed using DNA CRNs. Secondly, according to the stability principle of nonlinear systems, DNA CRNs are adopted to realize the coupling projection synchronization of three chaotic systems, and the synchronization results are discussed. Finally, sine and cosine signals are designed using DNA CRNs. These signals are added into three systems to realize multi-level encryption and decryption. Furthermore, the interference terms are taken into consideration to test the robustness of the system. The results show that the proposed scheme has high security, and can efficiently encrypt and decrypt biological signals through multi-level transmission in the presence of interference.

Multi-target Localization Based on an Improved FOCUSS Algorithm with Missing Information

The situation where the observation stations or the sensors cannot fully detect the targets is called missing information, which makes it difficult to locate targets. Due to its sparsity, Compressed Sensing (CS) can be applied to multi-target localization with missing information. An improved Focal Undetermined System Solver (IFOCUSS) algorithm is proposed, by dynamically updating the regularized factor that has a significant impact on the convergence of iteration processes. What’s more, a re-weighting method is adopted for the weighting matrix to improve convergence property and accelerate convergence, and a new method of choosing correct items from a sparse estimation vector is proposed to improve the positioning accuracy. Several simulations corroborate its notable reconstruction performance, which is illustrated by correctly estimating five targets with only 11 sensors on a moving station, achieving better convergence at lower signal-to-noise ratios (such as 12 dB) with about half the run time of Regularized FOCUSS (RFOCUSS) and being able to estimate two targets even with missing information up to 60%. Under the same conditions of missing information, IFOCUSS can estimate more targets with smaller positioning errors than RFOCUSS, achieving better convergence performance by eliminating almost all interference terms.

On the equivalence of OSDM and OTFS

In this paper, we show the mathematical equivalence of two popular modulation schemes: OSDM and OTFS. The former is mainly used in underwater acoustic communications, while the latter scheme is a promising modulation technique in radio-frequency communications. Although literature suggests a link between the two modulation schemes by connecting them to related modulation schemes like V-OFDM and A-OFDM, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a direct mathematical comparison between the schemes has not been presented yet. The main purpose of this paper is therefore to show the mathematical equivalence of the two schemes. In addition, by combining the knowledge of acoustic and radio-frequency communications, we give insight in the performance of OSDM/OTFS in terms of intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI) by analyzing its signal structure.

Direct Determination of the Relationship between the Intramolecular Oxygen-Hydrogen Bond Length and Its Stretching Vibrational Frequency of the Methanol Molecule in the Liquid State.

Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction measurements on pure liquid deuterated methanol and concentrated methanolic LiClO4 and LiTFSA solutions have been carried out to investigate the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonds on the intramolecular O-D distance (rOD) of the methanol molecule in the liquid state. Intramolecular parameters for the methanol molecule are determined by the least-squares fitting analysis of the neutron total interference term observed in the high-Q region. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectra have been measured for methanolic solutions of natural abundance to determine the gravitational center frequency (νOH) of the stretching vibrational band of the methanol molecule. The relationship between rOD and νOH is approximated well by a linear function. The value dνOH/drOD = -17000 ± 3000 cm-1 Å-1 has been derived from the slope of the fitted function. It has been revealed that the O-D bond length of the methanol molecule is sensitively affected by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction.

Study of weak magnetism by precision spectrum shape measurements in nuclear beta decay

Nuclear beta decays play an important role in uncovering the nature of the weak interaction. The weak magnetism (WM) form factor, b WM, is generally a small correction to the beta decay rate that arises at first order as an interference term between the dominant Gamow-Teller and the magnetic dipole contributions to the weak current. This form factor is still poorly known for nuclei with higher atomic number. We performed a careful analysis of the measured beta spectrum shape for Gamow-Teller transitions in 114In and 32P nuclei. The precision spectrum shape measurements were carried out using the miniBETA spectrometer consisting of a low-mass, low-Z multi-wire gas tracker and a plastic scintillator energy detector. The preliminary results for the weak magnetism extraction for 114In and 32P nuclei are presented.

Multifunctional Flexible AgNW/MXene/PDMS Composite Films for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Strain Sensing.

With the rapid development of electronic information technology, composite materials with outstanding performance in terms of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and strain sensing are crucial for next-generation smart wearable electronic devices. However, the fabrication of flexible composite films with dual functionality remains a significant challenge. Herein, multifunctional flexible composite films with exciting EMI shielding and strain sensing properties were constructed using a facile vacuum-assisted filtration process and transfer method. The films consisted of ultrathin AgNW/MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/AgNW conductive networks (1 μm) attached to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The obtained AgNW/MXene/PDMS composite film exhibited an exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness of 50.82 dB and good flexibility (retaining 93.67 and 90.18% of its original value after 1000 bending and stretching cycles, respectively), which are attributed to the enhanced multilayer internal reflection network created by the AgNWs and MXene as well as the synergistic effect of PDMS. Besides EMI shielding, the composite films also displayed remarkable strain sensing properties. They exhibited a wide linear range of tensile strain up to 68% with a gauge factor of 468. They also showed fast response, ultralow detection limit, and high mechanical stability. Interestingly, the composite films could also detect motion and voice recognition, demonstrating their potential as wearable sensors. This study highlights the effectiveness of multifunctional flexible AgNW/MXene/PDMS composite films in resisting electromagnetic radiation and monitoring human motion, thereby providing a promising solution for the development of flexible wearable electronic devices in complex electromagnetic environments.

A sensitivity study of triboson production processes to dimension-6 EFT operators at the LHC

We present the first parton-level study of anomalous effects in triboson production in both fully and semi-leptonic channels in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The sensitivity to anomalies induced by a minimal set of bosonic dimension-6 operators from the Warsaw basis is evaluated with specific analyses for each final state. A likelihood-based strategy is employed to assess the most sensitive kinematic observables per channel, where the contribution of Effective Field Theory operators is parameterized at either the linear or quadratic level. The impact of the mutual interference terms of pairs of operators on the sensitivity is also examined. This benchmark study explores the complementarity and overlap in sensitivity between different triboson measurements and paves the way for future analyses at the LHC experiments. The statistical combination of the considered final states allows setting stringent bounds on five bosonic Wilson coefficients.

Federated Learning With Over-the-Air Aggregation Over Time-Varying Channels

We study federated learning (FL) with over-the-air aggregation over time-varying wireless channels. Independent workers compute local gradients based on their local datasets and send them to a parameter server (PS) through a time-varying multipath fading multiple access channel via orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). We assume that the workers do not have channel state information, hence the PS employs multiple antennas to alleviate the fading effects. Wireless channel variations result in inter-carrier interference, which has a detrimental effect on the performance of OFDM systems, especially when the channel is rapidly varying. We examine the effects of the channel time variations on the convergence of the FL with over-the-air aggregation, and show that the resulting undesired interference terms have only limited destructive effects, which do not prevent the convergence of the learning algorithm. We also validate our results via extensive simulations, which corroborate the theoretical expectations.

Probing non-standard neutrino interactions with interference: insights from dark matter and neutrino experiments

Neutrino-electron scattering experiments play a crucial role in investigating the non-standard interactions of neutrinos.In certain models, these interactions can include interference terms that may affect measurements.Next-generation direct detection experiments, designed primarily for dark-matter searches, are also getting sensitive to probe the neutrino properties.We utilise the data from XENONnT, a direct detection experiment, and Borexino, a low-energy solar neutrino experiment, to investigate the impact of interference on non-standard interactions.Our study considers models with an additional U(1) B-L , including U(1), U(1) L e - L µ , and U(1) L e - L τ , to investigate the impact of interference on non-standard neutrino interactions. We demonstrate that this interference can lead to a transition between the considered non-standard interaction models in the energy range relevant to both the XENONnT and Borexino experiments.This transition can be used to distinguish among the considered models if any signals are observed at direct detection or neutrino experiments.Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for the interference and incorporating both direct detection and solar neutrino experiments to gain a better understanding of neutrino interactions and properties.

Stochastic Quantum Probability and Subatomic Particle Experiment Design

This article is the third of a trilogy of articles on the nature of probability in quantum mechanics. The first article [1] began by noting that superposed wavefunctions in quantum mechanics lead to a squared amplitude that introduces interference into the position probability density of an atomic particle, which happens nowhere else in probability theory. It went on to also note that there is an unexplained coincidence in quantum mechanics in that the interference term in the squared amplitude of superposed wavefunctions gives the squared amplitude the form of a variance of a sum of correlated random variables and went on to examine whether there could be an archetypical variable, in the Platonic sense of true form, behind quantum probability that would reconcile quantum probability with classic probability. This examination found such a variable, which can encompass both local and nonlocal quantum events. The second article [2] provided evidence that quantum probability has such a stochastic nature. This evidence was based on the number of electrons that need to be sent through a two-slit interferometer to gain a clear pattern of self-interference, which when compared with the number that would be expected to be sufficient in order for the position probability distribution of the self-interference wavefunction to take clear shape suggests that there is more variability present than that described by the formulation of quantum mechanics, which implies the presence of an underlying and as yet unrecognized physical process. This final article completes the trilogy by considering how a key aspect of experimental design would be affected by the increased variability that would be present if quantum probability is itself stochastic in the manner suggested in the previous two articles.

Analysis of Mistakes in Indonesian Language in The Community of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District

The purpose of this study is to determine the style of language and describe the meaning of Fiersa Besari's songs through a Hermeneutic approach based on the theory of Frierdrich Ernst Daniel Schleirmacher with the theory of Grammatical Interpretation and Psychological Interpretation. This type of research method is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods and techniques used in this study, namely library methods and field methods where the techniques used are recording techniques, listening techniques and note taking techniques. The data analysis technique focuses on how hermeneutics works in discussing the interpretation of meaning. The results of this study the author concludes that the lyrics of the song Fiersa Besari uses a variety of language styles such as metonymy, hyperbole, pleonasm, personification, metaphor, sarcasm, eroticism, assonation, polysindenton, epithet, satire, cynicism, and irony . The meanings contained in the lyrics of the song are: (1) about a long distance love story, (2) a devotional song to improve attitudes towards the Indonesian homeland, (3) an unrequited love story, (4) satire to the people and the Indonesian government. Language is associated with the identity of a nation. Communication is difficult between ethnic groups because the use of Indonesian orally is influenced by the dialect of each ethnic group. This study aims to determine errors in spoken Indonesian among the people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District in terms of phonological, morphological and syntactic interference. Qualitative research methods, data analysis techniques using interviews with three different sources. The results of the study explained that errors in spoken language in the aspect of phonological interference were found in 13 words, errors in spoken language in the aspect of morphological interference were found in 11 (four) words and errors in spoken language in the community of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District in terms of syntactic interference aspects were found as many as 11 (eleven) phrases, 5 (five) sentences of errors in clauses and 10 (ten) sentences in sentences without a subject.

Characterizing the fundamental bending vibration of a linear polyatomic molecule for symmetry violation searches

Polyatomic molecules have been identified as sensitive probes of charge-parity violating and parity violating physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). For example, many linear triatomic molecules are both laser-coolable and have parity doublets in the ground electronic state arising from the bending vibration, both features that can greatly aid BSM searches. Understanding the state is a crucial prerequisite to precision measurements with linear polyatomic molecules. Here, we characterize the fundamental bending vibration of YbOH using high-resolution optical spectroscopy on the nominally forbidden transition at 588 nm. We assign 39 transitions originating from the lowest rotational levels of the state, and accurately model the state’s structure with an effective Hamiltonian using best-fit parameters. Additionally, we perform Stark and Zeeman spectroscopy on the state and fit the molecule-frame dipole moment to D and the effective electron g-factor to . Further, we use an empirical model to explain observed anomalous line intensities in terms of interference from spin–orbit and vibronic perturbations in the excited state. Our work is an essential step toward searches for BSM physics in YbOH and other linear polyatomic molecules.

Intravenous Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine Versus Ketamine-Propofol for Procedural Sedation in Adults Undergoing Short Surgical Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and objective Moderate to deep sedation is a prerequisite during total intravenous anesthesia for short-duration surgeries, and it can be achieved by using individual drugs or in combination. Our study compared dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) versus ketamine-propofol (KP) in terms of sedation, procedural interference, hemodynamics, and incidence of side effects in patients undergoing short surgical procedures. Methods A total of 194 patients scheduled for short-duration elective surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups. Group DK received a loading dose of 1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 1 mg/kg of ketamine followed by a maintenance infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.3 µg/kg/h. Group KP received a loading dose of 1 mg/kg of ketamine and 1 mg/kg of propofol followed by a maintenance infusion of propofol at 25 µg/kg/h. For procedural interference, a rescueketamine bolus was administered at 0.25 mg/kg. Patients were monitored for the requirement of rescue ketamine bolus, procedural interference, hemodynamics, sedation, recovery time, and adverse effects. Results The procedural interference was higher in group KP than in group DK and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The time to the first rescue bolus was 8.72 ± 4.47 minutes in group KP and 10.82 ± 4.01 minutes in group DK, with a difference of 2.1 minutes (p=0.026). There was no statistically significant difference in the sedation scores between both groups except at time points of six minutes and 15 minutes. Conclusion For short-duration procedures, the DK combination is superior tothe KP combination in terms of procedural interference and time to the first rescue bolus, while both groups were comparable with regard to safety and hemodynamics.

Can we still measure circular dichroism with circular dichroism spectrometers: The dangers of anisotropic artifacts.

Chiral materials with strong linear anisotropies are difficult to accurately characterize with circular dichroism (CD) because of artifactual contributions to their spectra from linear dichroism (LD) and birefringence (LB). Historically, researchers have used a second-order Taylor series expansion on the Mueller matrix to model the LDLB interaction effects on the spectra in conventional materials, but this approach may no longer be sufficient to account for the artifactual CD signals in emergent materials. In this work, we present an expression to model the measured CD using a third-order expansion, which introduces "pairwise interference" terms that, unlike the LDLB terms, cannot be averaged out of the signal. We find that the third-order pairwise interference terms can make noticeable contributions to the simulated CD spectra. Using numerical simulations of the measured CD across a broad range of linear and chiral anisotropy parameters, the LDLB interactions are most prominent in samples that have strong linear anisotropies (LD, LB) but negligible chiral anisotropies, where the measured CD strays from the chirality-induced CD by factors greater than 103 . Additionally, the pairwise interactions are most significant in systems with moderate-to-strong chiral and linear anisotropies, where the measured CD is inflated twofold, a figure that grows as linear anisotropies approach their maximum. In summary, media with moderate-to-strong linear anisotropy are in great danger of having their CD altered by these effects in subtle manners. This work highlights the significance of considering distortions in CD measurements through higher-order pairwise interference effects in highly anisotropic nanomaterials.

Alcohol use severity in relation to pain severity and interference among latinx adults with current pain who smoke cigarettes.

Limited research has focused expressly on dual tobacco-alcohol use among the Latinx population. Latinx individuals who smoke represent a tobacco health disparities group and evince elevated rates of pain problems and symptoms. Prior research has consistently linked pain problems and severity to smoking and alcohol prevalence, maintenance, and behavior. Accordingly, the current study sought to build from the limited work that exists among Latinx persons who smoke and evaluate the role of alcohol use severity in terms of pain severity and interference. The current sample consisted of 228 adult Latinx daily cigarette smokers (Mage = 34.95 years; SD = 8.58; 39.0% female) who endorsed current pain. Results indicated that elevated alcohol use problems were associated with greater levels of pain severity (R2 = 0.06) and interference (R2 = 0.06). The present findings suggest that there may be utility in clinical screening for alcohol use problems among Latinx persons who smoke to offset pain problems among this high-risk group.

Inhibitory effects of 190 compounds against SARS-CoV-2 Mpr o protein: Molecular docking interactions.

COVID-19 has caused many deaths since the first outbreak in 2019. The burden on healthcare systems around the world has been reduced by the success of vaccines. However, population adherence and the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are still challenging tasks to be affronted. In addition, the newly approved drug presents some limitations in terms of side effects and drug interference, highlighting the importance of searching for new antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpr o ) represents a versatile target to search for new drug candidates due to its essential role in proteolytic activities responsible for the virus replication. In this work, a series of 190 compounds, composed of 27 natural ones and 163 synthetic compounds, were screened in vitro for their inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro . Twenty-five compounds inhibited Mpro with inhibitory constant values (Ki ) between 23.2 and 241 µM. Among them, a thiosemicarbazone derivative was the most active compound. Molecular docking studies using Protein Data Bank ID 5RG1, 5RG2, and 5RG3 crystal structures of Mpro revealed important interactions identified as hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding and steric interactions with amino acid residues in the active site cavity. Overall, our findings indicate the described thiosemicarbazones as good candidates to be further explored to develop antiviral leads against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the studies showed the importance of careful evaluation of test results to detect and exclude false-positive findings.

Research on disturbing white‐box cryptography algorithm based on local differential privacy

AbstractWhite‐box cryptography protects the secret key extraction from software implementations of cryptographic primitives. The principle is to white‐box the key by using obfuscation and hide the key in the whole encryption process to ensure that the key cannot be traced and extracted. The idea of adding internal perturbed terms and additional random equations is given by Bringer et al. to implement white‐box encryption, which has been attacked due to the defect in structure. In this paper, we propose a new secure white‐box encryption method by combining the random perturbation mechanism of local differential privacy protection and adding internal interference term, which can protect the privacy of the intermediate secret key more securely. The further disrupted cipher can also obtain the correct result by voting without increasing the number of parallel systems, and also gives the practical white‐box representation to AEw/oS. Compared with the white‐box implementation proposed by Bringer et al., the memory space of the new white‐box scheme will be 44 bytes more, but in terms of security, it can resist traditional attacks and Mulder's attacks.