Color Interference Research Articles

Semantic Web-Based AI System for Neuroimmune-Gastrointestinal Medical Image Processing

At present, the medical field requires the development of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic robots. The research team successfully transformed the biophysical structures of mitochondria and lipid particles from 2D to 3D. Based on cloud point registration algorithm and SVM, LSSVM, and Bayesian algorithms, the predicted cloud point was added to the cloud point volume to increase the cloud point data capacity and combined with psychological analysis of 3D cloud point structure hierarchical clustering. The K-SVD algorithm is used to deconvolve pathological data to reduce color interference on visual transformers, fit 3D data of midbrain pathways, and finally fuse 2D data converted from pathological data, mandala data, and immune factor data with brain computer interface data for classification prediction, improving the robustness of artificial intelligence diagnostic algorithms. This information fusion robot can accurately diagnose the comprehensive condition of patients and contribute to medical assisted diagnosis.

Attention-enhanced multimodal feature fusion network for clothes-changing person re-identification

Clothes-Changing Person Re-Identification is a challenging problem in computer vision, primarily due to the appearance variations caused by clothing changes across different camera views. This poses significant challenges to traditional person re-identification techniques that rely on clothing features. These challenges include the inconsistency of clothing and the difficulty in learning reliable clothing-irrelevant local features. To address this issue, we propose a novel network architecture called the Attention-Enhanced Multimodal Feature Fusion Network (AE-Net). AE-Net effectively mitigates the impact of clothing changes on recognition accuracy by integrating RGB global features, grayscale image features, and clothing-irrelevant features obtained through semantic segmentation. Specifically, global features capture the overall appearance of the person; grayscale image features help eliminate the interference of color in recognition; and clothing-irrelevant features derived from semantic segmentation enforce the model to learn features independent of the person’s clothing. Additionally, we introduce a multi-scale fusion attention mechanism that further enhances the model’s ability to capture both detailed and global structures, thereby improving recognition accuracy and robustness. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that AE-Net outperforms several state-of-the-art methods on the PRCC and LTCC datasets, particularly in scenarios with significant clothing changes. On the PRCC and LTCC datasets, AE-Net achieves Top-1 accuracy rates of 60.4% and 42.9%, respectively.

Semantic Segmentation Model-Based Boundary Line Recognition Method for Wheat Harvesting

The wheat harvesting boundary line is vital reference information for the path tracking of an autonomously driving combine harvester. However, unfavorable factors, such as a complex light environment, tree shade, weeds, and wheat stubble color interference in the field, make it challenging to identify the wheat harvest boundary line accurately and quickly. Therefore, this paper proposes a harvest boundary line recognition model for wheat harvesting based on the MV3_DeepLabV3+ network framework, which can quickly and accurately complete the identification in complex environments. The model uses the lightweight MobileNetV3_Large as the backbone network and the LeakyReLU activation function to avoid the neural death problem. Depth-separable convolution is introduced into Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) to reduce the complexity of network parameters. The cubic B-spline curve-fitting method extracts the wheat harvesting boundary line. A prototype harvester for wheat harvesting boundary recognition was built, and field tests were conducted. The test results show that the wheat harvest boundary line recognition model proposed in this paper achieves a segmentation accuracy of 98.04% for unharvested wheat regions in complex environments, with an IoU of 95.02%. When the combine harvester travels at 0~1.5 m/s, the normal speed for operation, the average processing time and pixel error for a single image are 0.15 s and 7.3 pixels, respectively. This method could achieve high recognition accuracy and fast recognition speed. This paper provides a practical reference for the autonomous harvesting operation of a combine harvester.

The ‘ABC’ of split-nanoluciferase HIF heterodimerization bioassays: Applications, Benefits & Considerations

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are interesting targets for multiple therapeutic indications. While HIF activation is desired for the treatment of anemia-related and ischemic diseases, HIF inhibition is of tremendous interest to anti-cancer drug development. Different signaling events within the HIF pathway are being targeted by drug discovery programs, with a special interest in HIF-selective (possibly also HIF1/2 isoform-selective) compounds. In this study, we applied recently developed cell-based split-nanoluciferase HIF heterodimerization assays to study the effects of compounds, targeting HIF activity by various mechanisms of action. This study shows that the application of similar or diverse assay protocols allows to detect various influences on HIF heterodimerization as a key signaling event in the oxygen sensing pathway: increased HIF heterodimerization (roxadustat, MG-132), decreased HIF heterodimerization (PX-478, ibuprofen) and direct (HIF isoform-selective) heterodimerization inhibiting effects (PT-2385). Changes in treatment time and in the assay protocol allowed to assess direct and indirect effects on HIFα-HIFβ heterodimerization. In addition to the evaluation of applications of these new bioassays regarding pharmacological characterizations, benefits and considerations are discussed related to the use of cellular, luminescent-based bioassays. Briefly, benefits include the bidirectional nature of the biological readout, the upstream mechanism of detection, the differentiation between HIF1 and HIF2 effects and the simulation of various conditions. Specific and general considerations include cell-based, technical and disease/drug-related aspects (e.g., non-specific effects, color interference). In summary, the versatility of these bioassays offers benefits in widespread applications regarding drug discovery and pharmacological characterization of various therapeutics, applying either the same or optimized experimental protocols.

Engineering the nanozyme hydrogel beads by polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan encapsulation with recyclable and sustainable catalytic activity for visual analysis of hydrogen peroxide

BackgroundHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a vital role in human health and have been regarded as a crucial analyte in metabolic processes, redox transformations, foods research and medical fields. Especially, the long-time and excessive digestion of H2O2 may even cause severe diseases. Although conventional instrumental methods and nanozymes-based colorimetric methods have been developed to accomplish the quantitative analysis of H2O2, the drawbacks of instrument dependence, cost-effectiveness, short lifespan, non-portable and unsustainable detection efficacies will limit their applications in different detection scenarios. ResultsHerein, to address these challenges, we have proposed a novel strategy for nanozyme (RuO2) hydrogel preparation by the solid support from cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) to both inherit the dominant peroxidase-like (POD) activity and protect the RuO2 from losing efficacies. Taking advantages from the hydrogel, the encapsulated RuO2 were further prepared as the regularly spherical beads (PCRO) to exhibit the sustainable, recyclable, and robust catalysis. Moreover, the intrinsic color interferences which originated from RuO2 can be avoided by the encapsulation strategy to promote the detection accuracy. Meanwhile, the high mechanical strength of PCRO shows the high stability, reproducibility, and cyclic catalysis to achieve the recyclable detection performance and long lifetime storage (40 days), which enables the sensitively detection of H2O2 with the detection limit as lower to 15 μM and the wide detection linear range from 0.025 to 1.0 mM. SignificanceOn the basis of the unique properties, PCRO has been further adopted to construct a smartphone detection platform to realize the instrument-free and visual analysis of H2O2 in multi-types of milk and real water samples through capturing, processing, and analyzing the RGB values from the colorimetric photographs. Therefore, PCRO with the advanced detection efficacies holds the great potential in achieving the portable and on-site analysis of targets-of-interest.

Biological interaction, esthetics, handling, and loss rate of temporary luting cements — a clinical single-blind randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesTo evaluate three temporary luting cements in terms of their restoration loss rates, biological interactions, esthetic properties, and handling characteristics.Materials and methods75 adults requiring fixed prosthodontics voluntarily participated in a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. After preparation, temporary restorations were luted with a randomly selected temporary luting cement (either Provicol QM Plus (PQP), Bifix Temp (BT), or Provicol QM Aesthetic (PQA)). Clinical examinations were performed one to two weeks after cementation. The following criteria were evaluated: tooth vitality, percussion, hypersensitivity, gingival bleeding, odor formation, esthetics, cement handling, removability, cleanability, and retention loss. Antagonistic teeth served as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate.ResultsThe overall loss rate of temporary restorations was 16.0%, showing no cement-specific differences. Postoperative hypersensitivity occurred in 8% of cases regardless of cement type. Esthetic impairment was reported by 31% of the PQP-fixed restorations, compared with 4.0% and 4.2% of the BT and PQA-bonded restorations. Cement application was reported to be easy in 100% of cases, excess removal in 88–96%, depending on the cement used.ConclusionsThe choice of luting material affects the esthetic appearance of a temporary restoration and should be considered, particularly in restorations in esthetically demanding areas. No significant differences between the cements were identified regarding biocompatibility, handling, and loss rate.Clinical relevanceTranslucent cements can help to reduce color interferences, resulting in a more appealing appearance of the temporary restoration.

Particle Size-Tunable Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Optical and Electrochemical Imaging of Latent Fingerprints on Various Surfaces.

Powder dusting method is the most widely used approach due to its low cost, simplicity, minimal instrument dependence, and extensive applicability for developing latent fingerprints (LFPs). Herein, a novel optical and electrochemical dual-mode method for high-resolution LFP enhancement has been explored based on size-tunable polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (NPs) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Dark PDAs rich in functional groups and negative charges can combine with the residues of LFPs on various surfaces with high sensitivity and selectivity to realize high-resolution visual fingerprint physical patterns on various porous and nonporous substrates with light color. However, optical visualization is not feasible for LFPs on dark or multicolored surfaces. Fortunately, based on the differences in electrochemical reactivity between ridges and furrows caused by the conductivity and reducibility of PDA powders, SECM can serve as a powerful supplement to optical methods to effectively overcome background color interference and distinctly display fingerprint patterns. Intriguingly, it is noteworthy that the binding amount and particle size of PDA powder significantly affected the optical and electrochemical visualization of LFPs: more powder binding amounts provided darker ridges in optical, and more surface reaction sites (larger powder binding mass at the same particle size or smaller particle size at the same mass) provided higher currents of ridges in electrochemical imaging. It demonstrates that the PDA powder as a dual-mode developer for LFPs offers a promising method for individual identification in forensics.

A modified pararosaniline hydrochloride method for determination of total and bound sulfur dioxide in wine

An improved pararosaniline hydrochloride (PRA) method for rapid and accurate determination of total and bound sulfur dioxide (SO2) in wine was established. The determination conditions for total SO2 were optimized in model wine systems. The pH of the acidified PRA reagent had a significant effect on the color and the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of the reaction system, with its optimum pH 0.48 and a λmax at 549 nm. The addition of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) could effectively shield the interference of coexisting metal ions present in wine, and a novel approach to double background subtraction was confirmed to remove the matrices interference of red wine color. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range for total SO2 in wine was within 1.00–8.00 mg L−1 (R = 0.9975), with the detection and quantification limits (MDL and MQL) found as 0.02 and 0.06 mg L−1, respectively. The recovery of SO2 ranged from 85.73 % to 105.70 % with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.21 % - 7.78 %, suggesting high sensitivity and accuracy of the method. Combining with the optimized Monier-Williams method, the determination of bound SO2 in wine was also achieved. Sulfite determination can be performed in wine using the rapid, accurate and sensitive method without any pretreatment, and the results were comparable with those of the standard methods.

Portable Photoacoustic Analytical System Combined with Wearable Hydrogel Patch for pH Monitoring in Chronic Wounds.

Timely diagnosis, monitoring, and management of chronic wounds play crucial roles in improving patients' quality of life, but clinical evaluation of chronic wounds is still ambiguous and relies heavily on the experience of clinician, resulting in increased social and financial burden and delay of optimal treatment. During the different stages of the healing process, specific and dynamic changes of pH values in the wound exudate can be used as biomarkers to reflect the wound status. Herein, a pH-responsive agent with well-behaved photoacoustic (PA) properties, nitrazine yellow (NY), was incorporated in poly(vinyl alcohol)/sucrose (PVA/Suc) hydrogel to construct a wearable pH-sensing patch (PVA/Suc/NY hydrogel) for monitoring of pH values during chronic wound healing. According to Rosencwaig-Gersho theory and the combination of 3D printing technology, the PA chamber volume and chopping frequency were systematically optimized to improve the sensitivity of the PA analytical system. The prepared PVA/Suc/NY hydrogel patch had excellent mechanical properties and flexibility and could maintain conformal contact with skin. Moreover, combined with the miniaturized PA analytical device, it had the potential to detect pH values (5.0-9.0) free from the color interference of blood and therapeutic drugs, which provides a valuable strategy for wound pH value monitoring by PA quantitation. This strategy of combining the wearable hydrogel patch with portable PA analysis offers broad new prospects for the treatment and management of chronic wounds due to its features of simple operation, time savings, and anti-interference.

Neurocognitive Targets for Psychological Assistance in Patients with the Anhedonia Phenomenon within the Framework of Affective Pathology

IntroductionAnhedonia is a transdiagnostic psychopathological phenomenon that is considered a key feature for several disorders, primarily affective spectrum disorders. It exhibits a significant association with social and occupational maladjustment, reduced quality of life, and increased suicidal risk among psychiatric patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify recommendations for psychotherapeutic assistance for patients with affective spectrum disorders.MethodsA total of 26 patients with affective spectrum disorders (ICD-10 code - F33, F31) and the phenomenon of anhedonia were examined. We utilized neuropsychological methods aimed at investigating a wide range of cognitive functions (Dynamic praxis; Color interference test; Arithmetic Tasks; Number of skips and impulsive errors; Reverse and straight rows; Verbal fluency; Design fluency; Rey-Osterritz figure) and psychometric methods designed to diagnose various types of anhedonia (consummatory (TEPS), anticipatory (TEPS), social (RSAS), and physical (PAS)).Results Among patients with depression, the consummatory type of anhedonia was the most pronounced. A relationship was found between anticipatory anhedonia and phonetic verbal fluency (r = 0.487; p < 0.01). Additionally, there were correlations between immediate (consummatory) pleasure experience and Rey figure errors (r = -0.349; p < 0.05). Social anhedonia was associated with phonetic verbal fluency productivity (r = -0.509; p < 0.01) and performance in visual fluency productivity (r = -0.473; p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe obtained results allow us to hypothesize that anhedonia is associated with difficulties both in evaluating and imagining possible positive stimuli, which leads to a lack of emotional response to the current stimulus. Thus, the availability of current pleasure may be linked to memory accessibility and regulatory function. When these domains are weakened, the respondent loses the ability to associate the current stimulus with positive past experiences, making it challenging to generate an emotional response in the current stimulus situation and disrupting the anticipation of pleasure. Based on the results, we propose the effective use of behavioral activation and work on the actualization of past experiences. Behavioral activation can be implemented by gradually introducing behaviors associated with past pleasures into the patient’s life, followed by cognitive restructuring aimed at focusing the emotional response on past and current stimuli. In addition to this, from a neurocognitive perspective, an additional element of therapy could involve training various types of cognitive functions, with an emphasis on the auditory modality.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Simple closed-system combining direct PCR and fluorescence for all types of milk and dairy product authentication

Cow's milk is a popular food choice due to its nutritional value. However, some people have cow milk protein allergy. Alternative milk and dairy products are available, but they may be adulterated or fraudulently substituted with cow's milk to lower the production cost. Current conventional methods for cow DNA detection suffer from laboratory-based instruments and settings, which can be expensive, limit on-site usage, lack sensitivity, or cannot be used with highly degraded samples. Here, a simple closed-system based on direct PCR, which eliminates the need to extract DNA from samples, and SYBR Green I detection of PCR amplicons using the naked eye was developed and validated. Fluorescence detection was enhanced with the use of a self-designed portable LED lightbox, which mitigated color interference, enabling detection in products with diverse colorations without any sample preparation. Validation studies revealed 100% specificity when tested with 13 other species, over 99% accuracy with 208 cow’s milk and dairy products in both liquid and solid forms, 1×10−5 ng limit of detection, and 100% accuracy with blind testing. Market testing of 156 samples showed a fraud ratio of 0.0% in cow’s milk and dairy products, while non-cow’s milk and dairy products showed a fraud ratio of 10.7%, emphasizing the assay's capacity to identify fraudulent substitutions. Overall, this is the first time a cow-specific simple closed-system direct PCR with fluorescence has been used to authenticate fresh milk and dairy products, with one of the quickest turn-around time from sampling to detection of 50 min. It could be useful in a semi-laboratory setting or in the field with a portable PCR machine.

A dual-modal photothermal and smartphone colorimetric aptamer sensing platform for tobramycin assay

The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aggregation-induced colorimetric aptamer sensing platform is commonly employed in bioassays. However, it has certain limitations, such as the requirement of instruments like a spectrophotometer for accurate quantitative readout and the background color interference. In this work, a dual-mode photothermal (PT) and smartphone colorimetric aptamer sensing platform was developed for tobramycin (TOB) assay using a digital thermometer or smartphone. Single-standard DNA (ssDNA) was utilized to bind the surface of AuNPs and maintain the dispersion of AuNPs at high salt concentrations. After the addition of the TOB, aptamer will specifically bind with it and separate from the gold surface. Then the aggregation of AuNPs can be observed in salt conditions, accompanying the AuNPs solution color change (red–purple-blue) and enhancing the PT effect. The DNA structural influence was carefully investigated. Under optimum conditions, the TOB assay by PT and RGB colorimetric mode have the limits of detection (LODs) of 1.7 μM and 1.3 μM, respectively. Furthermore, it is well demonstrated by the determination of TOB in food samples, offering high selectivity and sensitivity. It has potential for future application in point-of-care testing (POCT) with the benefits of inexpensive, easy to operate, and high specificity.

Coordinated carbon dots-Fe featuring synergistically enhanced peroxidase-like activity at neutral pH for specific and background-free detection of dichlorvos

Nanozyme-based assays present favorable prospects in sensitive determination of pesticides in food samples yet are constrained with little or even no catalytic activities at neutral pH, lack of selectivity, and interference by sample color. Here, a facile and novel photothermal system for rapid, specific, sensitive, and background-free detection of dichlorvos was developed based on peroxidase-like activity of coordinated carbon dots-Fe (CDs-Fe). CDs-Fe was prepared and fabricated based on the redox and coordination chemistry between CDs and Fe species. Catalytic mechanism investigations illustrate that CDs-Fe with outstanding peroxidase-like activity at neutral pH comes from the synergistic effect of •OH production and electron transfer process. More interestingly, dichlorvos can specifically complex with CDs-Fe through electrostatic attraction and π-π stacking interactions, which then cement substrates affinity and improve electron transfer efficiency to enhance the catalytic activity. Oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB) presents photothermal effect by absorption of near-infrared (808 nm) laser-driven light, which eliminates the color interference from real samples. Accordingly, a background-free photothermal strategy was established. Furthermore, a portable hydrogel kit was fabricated by embedding CDs-Fe and TMB into agarose hydrogel for on-site rapid detection of dichlorvos. A good relationship was observed in the range of 5.00–650 μg L−1 with a satisfactory detection limit at 4.85 μg L−1, and a good recovery (90.56–107.0 %) with excellent anti-interference capacity was achieved for real sample analysis. The work presents a novel nanozyme enhancement strategy for specific and background-free detecting dichlorvos in food samples.

Fluorometric assay for phenol oxidase activity in soils and its controlling variables

Phenolic compounds constitute the major component of recalcitrant carbon pools in soils and undergo degradation by enzymes such as phenol oxidases. Despite their significance, a common, appropriate assay to determine its activity is yet to be found. Until recently, only colorimetric assays, using substrates such as L-DOPA, pyrogallol, and ABTS, have been dominantly employed to measure phenol oxidase activity, despite their drawbacks, such as interference of soil background color, unavailability of a commercial product, and low sensitivity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimal conditions for the novel fluorometric Amplex Red assay, compare the effectiveness and reproducibility of this assay with the conventional colorimetric L-DOPA assay, and reveal the key controlling variables of phenol oxidase activity by applying it to various soil types. Results showed that the optimal phenol oxidase activity can be determined at a substrate concentration of 500 μM and when the soil suspension is prepared with sonication only, using deionized water as a solvent. The comparison of the Amplex Red and L-DOPA assay indicated that the fluorometric assay has greater reproducibility, with a significantly smaller coefficient of variation (19.9 % and 107 %, respectively). For the L-DOPA assay, there was substantial variability between replicates and strong dependence on soil suspension preparation methods. Although this study reveals that the Amplex Red assay is more suitable for measuring phenol oxidase activity, additional research on other soil types is important to confirm its applicability, and adjustments to incubation conditions may be necessary for specific soil types. The application of the Amplex Red assay on various soil types uncovered soil pH and organic matter as the two most important factors controlling phenol oxidase activity, which aligned with previous findings. A positive linear correlation between phenol oxidase activity and soil pH (R = 0.734, P ≤ 0.000) but a negative exponential correlation with soil organic matter content (R = −0.547, P ≤ 0.01).

Preparation of a recyclable composite aerogel with controllable peroxidase-like activity for on-site and visual analysis of the dihydroxybenzene isomers

Colorimetric detection methods have been attracted and preferred for analytes assessment. Although simple and highly efficient colorimetric strategies based on nanozymes have been developed, there remain inherent problems of intrinsic color interference for accurate analysis and erratic activity to lose controllable, recyclable, and sensitive efficacies. Herein, we have prepared a novel composite aerogel named PACO that is rationally assembled by the poly (vinyl alcohol) aerogel (PVA aerogel) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) to address these challenges. PACO has been proved to exhibit the controllable peroxidase (POD)-like activity through separating the solid PACO from the aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, PACO can avoid intrinsic color interferences and provide more accurate detection performance for naked-eye discrimination. Furthermore, PACO shows the recyclable and long lifetime performances for sensitive detection of water pollutants including hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) with the LOD of 0.084 μM and 0.101 μM, respectively. Finally, we have constructed a smartphone-based colorimetric detection platform to realize the on-site and visualanalysis of water pollutants in real water samples. Overall, PACO achieves the advanced detection performances to exhibit great potential in nanozymes based sensing method development and colorimetric-related analytical research.

Hand acupuncture point localization method based on a dual-attention mechanism and cascade network model.

Deep learning techniques have, to a certain extent, solved the problem of overreliance on clinical experience for traditional acupoint localization, but the accuracy and repetition rate of its localization still need to be improved. This paper proposes a hand acupoint localization method based on the dual-attention mechanism and cascade network model. First, by superimposing the dual-attention mechanism SE and CA in the YOLOv5 model and calculating the prior box size using K-means++ to optimize the hand location, we cascade the heatmap regression algorithm with HRNet as the backbone network to detect 21 predefined key points on the hand. Finally, "MF-cun" is combined to complete the acupoint localization. The FPS value is 35 and the average offset error value is 0.0269, which is much lower than the error threshold through dataset validation and real scene testing. The results show that this method can reduce the offset error value by more than 40% while ensuring real-time performance and can combat complex scenes such as unequal lighting, occlusion, and skin color interference.

Lab‐in‐a‐Bead: Magnetic Janus Bead Probe for the Detection of Biomarkers in Blood

AbstractRemotely handled miniaturized colorimetric sensor platforms with multiple functionalities are able to mimic conventional laboratory operations with reduced assets. The integration of a magnetic phase in a miniaturized hydrogel sensor system allows the manipulation of the sensor, under a magnetic field, in a programmable manner. However, dark color interferences from conventional magnetic phases (Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and Fe micro/nanoparticles) affect the signal readout, hindering the colorimetric response. Therefore, a novel Janus bead configuration is introduced and tested by the localized incorporation of ferromagnetic iron microparticles into a TiO2 nanotubes/alginate hydrogel bead biosystem, under an applied magnetic field. The so‐called hydrogel Janus bead shows both, magnetic translocation and biosensing properties in the same bead. These beads are used for the direct colorimetric analysis of biomarkers in blood. The surface of the Janus bead prevents the biofouling of red blood cells, keeping the sensor surface clean for accurate optical colorimetric analysis. Moreover, the external magnetic manipulation of the bead permits precise control of the time and position of the bead in the sample. Therefore, multiple functionalities are presented by a single magnetic TiO2 nanotubes/alginate Janus bead such as actuation, low biofouling, and sensing, positioning this technology as a truly Lab‐in‐a‐Bead System.

Application of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoelectronic Materials in Combining Partial Differential Equations for Fingerprint Development and Its Image Enhancement

Fluorescent developers play a crucial role when dealing with objects with complex patterns or color interference against their background due to their excellent photoluminescent properties. In recent years, fluorescent nanoelectronic materials have emerged as a novel class of fluorescent materials for fingerprint development research. Here, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are synthesized using an electrochemical method and utilized as fluorescent nanoelectronic materials in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a composite (Au/CQDs). The photoelectric properties of Au/CQDs are verified, and a precursor solution for Au/CQDs is prepared using the Wessling method. After the addition of a surfactant and subsequent elimination processes, an Au/CQDs fluorescent nanocolloidal solution is obtained. This solution is applied for the development of visible fingerprints and latent fingerprints on adhesive surfaces. The resulting development images are subjected to enhancement processes such as sharpening, smoothing, and noise reduction using partial differential equations to improve their visual quality. In experiments, under light exposure, Au/CQDs exhibit a higher conversion rate with cyclohexane compared to conditions without light. In the Au/NPs system, the fluorescence of CQDs is effectively quenched due to the rapid electron transfer process within the Au/CQDs system. Moreover, the electrode modified with Au/CQDs shows significantly improved efficiency in decomposing H2O2 compared to conditions without light exposure. After the development with Au/CQDs nanoparticle colloid solution, bright fingerprint patterns are visible under ultraviolet light. As the age of the fingerprint increases, the developed fingerprint has a higher resolution than fresh fingerprints. Image enhancement through partial differential equations results in satisfactory sharp edges and smooth contours in the images.

Allosteric switch for electrochemical aptasensor toward heavy metals pollution of Lentinus edodes sensitized with porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks

BackgroundLentinan medicament from Lentinus edodes has been considered as natural medicinal products with minimal side effects for cancer therapy, but Lentinus edodes are easily polluted by nonbiodegradable heavy metals, especially silver ion (Ag+). Therefore, it is highly desirable to monitor Ag + pollution in Lentinus edodes considering their adverse impact on lentinan medicament. Electrochemical sensor isn't affected from the interference of matrix turbidity and color, and offers a powerful means for determination of variant analytes. As for electrochemical sensing toward Ag+, there is a great need to design efficient signal probes for specific recognition and signal generation. ResultsWe present an appropriate electrochemical aptasensor for Ag + assay based on biomimetic catalysis of porphyrin-encapsulated MOF (PorMOF) and allosteric switch of C-rich DNA. Thanks to the excellent biocompatibility, PorMOFs as nanozyme are used to design signal probes by loading duplex-like DNA scaffold. Owing to the specific recognition of Ag+ toward cytosine (C) base-rich DNA, PorMOF at the distal end was close to the underlying electrode via C-Ag+-C formation, leading to an enhanced current of catalytic hydroxylamine oxidation for signal generation. Using the positive correlation between current response and Ag+ level, the electrochemical system provides a promising means for on-line monitoring of Ag+ in Lentinus edodes with recoveries from 92.8% to 106.4% and relative standard deviation from 3.98% to 8.24%, verifying the applicability of the electrochemical aptasensor toward Ag+ in Lentinus edodes. Significance and noveltyWith merits of portability, simple operation, and rapid response, the electrochemical pattern offers a useful solution for on-line monitoring of Ag+ in Lentinus edodes. By altering the DNA sequence, the proposed aptasensor provides a powerful way for monitoring other heavy metals, capable of protecting medicament production from heavy metal pollution.

Optical properties of esthetic temporary cements and final restoration color

BackgroundOpaque cements can be esthetically unfavorable and alternative translucent materials have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color interference of a new translucent cement compared with conventional materials, in association with interim restoration with different thickness and shades. MethodsBis-acryl composite disks were prepared in 2 thicknesses (1.2 mm, 0.6 mm) and 3 shades (A3.5, A2, bleached) to simulate the restorations. Cementation over dentin disks was performed with 1 translucent cement (Provicol QM Aesthetic; VOCO), 2 conventional cements (Provicol; VOCO, Temp-Bond NE; Kerr Dental), and 1 transparent liquid (polyethylene glycol 400). The difference between the color of the specimens cemented with the transparent liquid and that of the specimens cemented with each cement was calculated (ΔEab). The data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (5%). ResultsSignificant differences were observed for all factors and some interactions (P < .05). For Provicol QM Aesthetic, the shade and thickness did not influence the ΔEab. For Provicol and Temp-Bond NE, the lighter and thinner the specimen, the higher the ΔEab. Only Provicol QM Aesthetic had smaller means than the perceptibility threshold. Temp-Bond NE and Provicol had higher values than the acceptability threshold for some combinations. ConclusionsThe highly translucent cement had less color interference than the conventional materials. The thickness and resin shade only affected the results for the opaque cements. The thinner specimens and the lighter shades had higher color interference. Practical ImplicationsThe use of a more translucent cement can produce a smaller color interference on the esthetic outcome of interim restorations.