Interface Design Research Articles

A web-based platform for studying the impact of artificial intelligence in video capsule endoscopy.

Objective: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) solutions into clinical practice, particularly in the field of video capsule endoscopy (VCE), necessitates the execution of rigorous clinical studies. Methods: This work introduces a novel software platform tailored to facilitate the conduct of multi-reader multi-case clinical studies in VCE. The platform, developed as a web application, prioritizes remote accessibility to accommodate multi-center studies. Notably, considerable attention was devoted to user interface and user experience design elements to ensure a seamless and engaging interface. To evaluate the usability of the platform, a pilot study is conducted. Results: The results indicate a high level of usability and acceptance among users, providing valuable insights into the expectations and preferences of gastroenterologists navigating AI-driven VCE solutions. Conclusion: This research lays a foundation for future advancements in AI integration within clinical VCE practice.

Exploring the Human-Centric Interaction Paradigm: Augmented Reality-Assisted Head-Up Display Design for Collaborative Human-Machine Interface in Cockpit

Human-cybernetic interfaces (HCI) focuses on the integration and synergy of human-centric design, human factors (HFs) and economics, and human–machine interaction (HMI). The scrutiny of single pilot operations (SPO) approval from civil aviation authorities (CAAs) is subject to the aviation safety and pilot capability during exceptional handling and flight emergency. Airliners advocate the possibility from dual pilot operations (DPO) to SPO because of the financial considerations and captain shortage in the post-pandemic era. One could expect that SPO can only realise when reduced crew operations initiative is proven to be safe and airworthy. Public concerns pilot mental workload and potentially low situational awareness (SA) when handling overwhelmed multi-source information from the HMI in a cockpit, leading to degraded skills and flying performance. Advanced head up display (HUD) design, an integrated transparent display, can assist pilots in maintaining their optimal performance when SPO exercised. In this study, we are interested to design a SPO-favoured cockpit design with HUD and investigate the potential of integrating augmented reality (AR) and HUD in SPO in flight operations. An experiment involving 21 pilots was conducted to assess the effectiveness of AR-HUD on SA and workload in DPO, SPO, and SPO with AR-HUD scenarios. The Situation Awareness Present Assessment Method (SPAM) and a self-rated workload scale were used to evaluate SA and workload levels. Eye-tracking data was also collected to analyse behavioural performance. Results indicated that the AR-HUD scenario achieved optimal workload and SA levels and demonstrated superior performance in handling emergencies. Eye-tracking data revealed that AR-HUD facilitated a more equitable distribution of gaze between instruments and external view. In conclusion, the integration of AR in cockpit design introduces a human-centric interaction paradigm, contributing to aviation safety, SPO implementation and adaptive HMI design.

Fracture performance of concrete-epoxy mortar interface subjected to bending and shear: Experimental and numerical study

To investigate the fracture performance of concrete-epoxy mortar interfaces, experimental and numerical simulation methods were employed to obtain the failure patterns and applied load P versus opening displacement curves of specimens. A special emphasis is placed on the discussions of crack initiation load (Pini), maximum load (Pmax), corresponding deformation (CTODini and CTODmax, CTSDini and CTSDmax), KR and GR curves of I-Type and stress intensity factors of I-II-Type cracks (KIini and KIIini) and facture energy (GF). Test results show that increasing both concrete compressive strength and interface roughness enhances the load carrying capacity and crack initiation toughness, as well as crack extension resistance. Higher concrete compressive strength improves the moment capacity of the interface and increases the proportion of KIini. An increase in the interface roughness enhances the mechanical interlocking interaction at the concrete-epoxy mortar interface, thereby decreasing the CTSD/CTOD ratio and increasing the proportion of KIIini for the I-II Type crack. As the mode ratio (KIIini/KIini) increases, the proportion of shear and bending moment acting on the interface changes continuously, with the shear effect becoming more dominant. Basically, the increase in both the crack-height ratio (a0/D) and initiated crack offset ratio (C1/C0) decreases the fracture performances of specimen. The observations provide a deeper understanding to the design and practice of concrete-epoxy mortar interface.

A Survey of Medical Visualization Through the Lens of Metaphors.

We provide an overview of metaphors that were used in medical visualization and related user interfaces. Metaphors are employed to translate concepts from a source domain to a target domain. The survey is grounded in a discussion of metaphor-based design involving the identification and reflection of candidate metaphors. We consider metaphors that have a source domain in one branch of medicine, e.g., the virtual mirror that solves problems in orthopedics and laparoscopy with a mirror that resembles the dentist's mirror. Other metaphors employ the physical world as the source domain, such as crepuscular rays that inspire a solution for access planning in tumor therapy. Aviation is another source of inspiration, leading to metaphors, such as surgical cockpits, surgical control towers, and surgery navigation according to an instrument flight. This paper should raise awareness for metaphors and their potential to focus the design of computer-assisted systems on useful features and a positive user experience. Limitations and potential drawbacks of a metaphor-based user interface design for medical applications are also considered.

Understanding Deceptive User Interface Designs: How They Unduly Influence Customers’ Choices

Understanding Deceptive User Interface Designs: How They Unduly Influence Customers’ Choices

Improving the impermeability of cement/epoxy coating interface by g-C3N5: A molecular dynamics study

The accumulation of chloride that penetrates through the concrete cover from the ambient environment is the primary factor contributing to the interfacial degradation between concrete and epoxy-coated steel rebar. In this study, a nitrogen-rich carbon nitride (g-C3N5) modified epoxy (EP) coating is proposed to enhance the impermeability of the concrete/epoxy interface. The local structure, dynamic characteristics, and impermeability mechanism of g-C3N5 inserted into the interface of concrete/epoxy coating during the penetration of NaCl solution are studied using the molecular dynamics method. It is found that the insertion of g-C3N5 at the concrete/epoxy interface effectively slows down the penetration of NaCl solution. The g-C3N5 nanosheets block the C-S-H channel, and the water molecules form hydrogen bonds with the nitrogen and oxygen-containing groups in the g-C3N5 grafted with oxygen-containing functional groups (g-C3N5-COOH), significantly inhibiting the movement of water molecules. The oxygen-containing functional groups on g-C3N5-COOH form hydrogen bonds with the non-bridging oxygen on the surface of C-S-H and the oxygen in EP, respectively. This enhances the interaction of the C-S-H/epoxy interface and reduces the degree of interfacial peeling. The impermeability mechanism of the C-S-H/epoxy interface and the capture of corrosive particles can offer molecular insights into the interface design of cement/organic coatings.

Dark patterns, dark nudges, sludge and misinformation: alcohol industry apps and digital tools.

Many alcohol-industry-funded (AIF) organizations disseminate eHealth/mHealth tools that claim to assist users in making health decisions by monitoring alcohol consumption, e.g. blood alcohol calculators, AUDIT scores, consumption trackers. Previously, AIF materials were found to contain health misinformation that could increase consumption (dark nudges) or make healthy behaviour change more difficult (sludge). The accuracy and functionality of AIF tools have never been analysed, and given the history of AIF materials it is possible they contain misinformation and function as covert marketing channels to promote alcohol-industry-friendly narratives on the causes and possible solutions of alcohol-related harms. We evaluated the information accuracy and framing, behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and functions of AIF digital tools (n = 15, from the UK, Ireland, the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia; including Drinkaware, Drinkwise, Educ'alcool and others), compared to a non-industry-funded independent sample (n = 10). We identified misinformation and 'dark patterns' (interface design strategies for influencing users against their interest) throughout AIF tools; significantly fewer provided accurate feedback (33% vs 100%), and significantly more omitted information on cancer (67% vs 10%) and cardiovascular disease (80% vs 30%) and promoted industry-friendly narratives (47% vs 0%). AIF tools encouraged consumption through priming nudges (53%) and social norming (40%). AIF tools utilized fewer BCTs, provided users with more limited pre-set options (54%), and fewer drink choices (mean 24 vs 275). Their input structure often impeded their ability to provide guideline advice. We conclude that AIF tools contain pro-industry misinformation strategies and dark patterns that misinform users about their consumption and could 'nudge' them towards continuing to drink alcohol-characteristics of 'Dark Apps' designs.

Acceptability of Nudge in Digital Learning Environment

ABSTRACTDigital nudging is gaining traction in the educational domain to guide students' decision‐making processes and achieve desirable learning outcomes through subtle changes in the digital learning environment. From the information science perspective, these changes are realized through informational cues and human‐computer interface design to affect the influences. Studies have shown nudge effectiveness in influencing students' behaviors, but the extent to which digital nudging affects them and who is susceptible to nudges remains unclear. Although progress has been made in understanding nudge acceptability, research in the context of learning and students' characteristics, such as procrastination behavior, remains limited. To fill this gap, this study surveyed 305 university students to assess their nudge acceptability on two types of nudges: System 1, which involves automatic and intuitive processes, and System 2, which engages deliberate and reflective thinking. The results show that students, regardless of their procrastination tendencies, were receptive to nudges in supporting their learning. System 1 nudge was preferred due to its simplistic and straightforward intervention approach. The insights gained from this study contributed to the advancement of nudge research by demonstrating that students with various procrastination tendencies were receptive to nudging and guiding researchers in designing tailored nudges to maximize effectiveness.

Virtual Reality-enabled High-Performance Emotion Estimation with the Most Significant Channel Pairs

Human-computer interface (HCI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are widely used in user experience (UX) interface designs to provide immersive interactions with the user. In the context of UX, EEG signals can be used within a metaverse system to assess user engagement, attention, emotional responses, or mental workload. By analyzing EEG signals, system designers can tailor the virtual environment, content, or interactions in real time to optimize UX, improve immersion, and personalize interactions. However, in this case, in addition to the signals' processing cost and classification accuracy, cybersickness in Virtual Reality (VR) systems needs to be resolved. At this point, channel selection methods can perform better for HCI and UX applications by reducing noisy and redundant information in generally unrelated EEG channels. For this purpose, a new method for EEG channel selection based on phase-locking value (PLV) analysis is proposed. We hypothesized that there are interactions between EEG channels in terms of PLV in repeated tasks in different trials of the emotion estimation experiment. Subsequently, frequency-based features were extracted. The features were classified by dividing them into bags using the Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) variant. This study provides higher classification performance using fewer EEG channels for emotion prediction. The performance rate obtained in binary classification with the Random Forests (RF) algorithm is at a promising level of 99%. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 99.38% for valence using all channels on the new dataset (VREMO) and 98.13% with channel selection. The benchmark dataset (DEAP) achieved accuracies of 98.16% using all channels and 98.13% with selected channels.

MOFs-derived copper selenides nanoparticles implanted in carbon matrix for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption

Selenide-based functional composites materials demonstrated tunable dielectric properties and heterogeneous interface design, which has been widely studied in electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption field. Herein, Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon coating copper selenide (Cu2-XSe@C) composites were successfully fabricated by using the Cu-MOFs as precursor. After reacting with the gaseous Se in the selenization annealing process, the metal host was converted into the Cu2-XSe nanoparticles, where embodied in the carbon matrix transformed from the organic linker. Based on the tunning dielectric property and building heterogeneous interface, MOFs-derived Cu2-XSe@C composites displayed outstanding EM wave absorption performance. Though the conduction loss, interfacial and dipole polarization behaviors, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of Cu2-XSe@C-600 composites reached to −74.3 dB at 11.7 GHz when the thickness is 2.0 mm. The efficient absorption bandwidth (EAB) can be regulated via controlling the applied thickness. When the thickness is 2.3 mm, above-mentioned Cu2-XSe@C-600 got the broadest absorption performance with the EAB of 5.5 GHz from the 7.7–13.2 GHz, covering the whole X-band. Therefore, MOFs-derived selenide-based composites shed a new design strategy for constructing broadband EM wave absorption, especially in radar stealth applications.

Preparation of mixed-phase TiO2/Ti3C2 composites by solid-phase milling-roasting: Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

Reasonable interface design is a key factor to improve the activity of photocatalysts. In this paper, TiO2/Ti3C2 composite photocatalyst with high activity of anatase/rutile mixed crystal were prepared by solid-phase milling-roasting method. The microstructure of the mixed-phase TiO2/Ti3C2 composites could be adjusted by the calcination temperature and additive content. The results showed that NaBF4 could promote the transformation of anatase TiO2 to rutile TiO2. An appropriate amount of rutile TiO2 forms a heterojunction with anatase TiO2, which enables efficient charge separation and transfer at the interfaces of the composites. The optimized sample (MT550) showed 98 % degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation within 180 min, which was 8 times higher than that of the sample without added NaBF4. This study presents a strategy for the synthesis of mixed-phase (anatase/rutile) TiO2/Ti3C2 composites with high activity under visible light, which has potential in the design and application of photocatalytic materials.

Enhancing User Experience in VR Environments through AI-Driven Adaptive UI Design

This paper presents a new approach to improving user experience in virtual reality (VR) environments using AI-driven user interface (UI) design. The proposed system uses advanced machine learning techniques to update UI content based on user interaction and real-time context. A comprehensive literature review examines the current state of VR interfaces, AI applications in UI/UX design, and evolving UI technologies. Data is a multi-layered process combining data collection, processing, and editing over time. The design was developed and evaluated through a rigorous study involving 50 participants, comparing a modified UI against a static UI control. The results showed a significant improvement in performance, experience reduction, and overall user satisfaction. The modified UI group showed an 18.6% reduction in completion time, a 47.8% reduction in errors, and a 34.9% increase in user satisfaction scores compared to the static UI group. Physiological data analysis supports these findings, showing reduced stress and increased engagement. This research contributes to the field of VR interface design by providing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of AI-driven adaptive UIs in improving user experience and field performance. Virtual.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERACTIVE WEBSITE WITH DIDACTIC GAMES TO ENHANCE VOCABULARY IN YOUNG STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

The article investigates the development of a website that includes interactive didactic games designed to improve the vocabulary of primary schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. It describes the importance of developing vocabulary in children with intellectual disabilities and shows how the game approach can be an effective tool for teaching and developing speech in this category of children. The process of developing a website with didactic games is considered, which includes the selection of appropriate software, interface design, development of interactive tasks and games, as well as testing and improvement of the website. In particular, the article discusses methods and approaches to creating games aimed at developing lexical skills, expanding vocabulary and improving communication skills in children with intellectual disabilities. The advantages of using interactive didactic games in the educational process of junior schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities are highlighted. They stimulate children's interest in learning words and expanding their vocabulary, develop cognitive and speech skills, improve memory and concentration, and increase motivation and enjoyment of learning. A game-based approach can keep children interested, motivated, and effective, helping them to develop their language skills and achieve greater academic success. The website was created on the wix platform. The collection of didactic games was developed on the LearningApps platform. There are various types of tasks, for example quizzes, puzzles, crosswords, matching exercises, etc. Images for didactic games were generated by playground.ai artificial intelligence, which opens up new opportunities for creating visually appealing games and tasks. The importance of developing website with interactive didactic games for the development of vocabulary of younger students with intellectual disabilities is emphasized, they can become an effective tool for teaching and developing speech in children of this category, contributing to their success in learning and overall development.

RANCANG BANGUN USER INTERFACE DAN USER EXPERIENCE APLIKASI SEMBAKO BERBASIS WEB PADA TOKO G-STAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN

The advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has notably impacted various sectors, including trade. For grocery stores, effective User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design are vital to ensure technology is user-friendly across different groups. This research applies the Human-Centered Design (HCD) method to develop the UI and UX for the G-Star grocery store web application, focusing on user needs, preferences, and contexts to create an intuitive interface. The research process includes stages such as user needs analysis, prototype design, usability testing, and iterative design based on feedback. Initially, user needs were identified through interviews and surveys, which guided the creation of application prototypes. These prototypes were then tested for usability, and feedback was used to refine and improve the design. The findings demonstrate that HCD principles enhance UI and UX, leading to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty. Implementing HCD improves user efficiency and convenience, contributing positively to the G-Star grocery store's performance. This research provides valuable insights for technology development in the grocery sector and offers practical guidance for designers and developers, encouraging the use of HCD in similar projects.

어포던스 이론에 기반한 한중 음악 스트리밍 앱의 UI 디자인 비교연구 : 중국 앱의 쿠거, 왕이윈, 한국 앱의 멜론, 지니를 중심으로

According to the China Internet Information Center, most users of Music Apps were born in the 1990s and are also a major group studying in Korea. Overseas, due to copyright restrictions, Chinese students often use Korean Music Apps. During use, it was found that there were differences in UI design between Korean and Chinese Music Apps, and there were also problems with user experience. To improve this, actions and recognition in user behavior can be developed through the close correlation between affordance design and UX design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the UI design of Korean and Chinese Music Apps interface based on affordance theory and explore the cultural differences in Korean and Chinese UI design. The three visual elements of UI design were obtained through preliminary research. Then, a questionnaire for Chinese students based on Hartson's affordance design, and proposed improvements. Results indicate that apps interface design should standardized and consistent in layout, color, and icons, should conform to the user's operating habits, and have clear feedback and communication with the user. In addition, Korean Apps pursue a simple and effective user experience, while Chinese Apps focus on providing rich information and visual diversity.

Application of Mixed Reality Technologies in Autism Treatment and Neurodiversity Support

Abstract: This comprehensive review explores the application of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies in treating Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and supporting people with neurodiversity. It examines the potential of MR to create immersive, personalized interventions for social skills training, communication enhancement, and behavioral therapy. The paper discusses the technical considerations in implementing MR systems, including hardware requirements, software development, and user interface design tailored for neurodiverse individuals. It also addresses the challenges and future directions in this field, including ethical considerations, the need for clinical validation, and the integration of MR with existing therapeutic approaches. By synthesizing current research and identifying areas for future investigation, this review highlights the transformative potential of MR in revolutionizing ASD therapy and support.

Analysis and Design of UI/UX Models for Elderly Users in Digital Agricultural Business Transformation

Digital agriculture faces challenges, namely in integrating Elderly People (SENIORS) in digital transformation. The purpose of the study is to analyze and design UI/UX models according to user needs, expectations, and challenges. The method used is the Design Thinking approach which begins with literature study, then interviews are conducted to identify problems faced by users, and analyze the need to determine problem priorities. UI/UX prototypes are carried out to design solutions that suit user needs, and evaluations are carried out to collect user feedback. The data is assessed through the System Usability Scale (SUS) approach to appraise the designed user interface (UI). The evaluation results showed a "good" rating based on the SUS category, with a final average score of 74,391, so that the solutions designed meet usability standards for SENIORS users in the context of digital agriculture. Thus, the research carried out contributes to increasing the effectiveness and adoption of SENIORS in digital agriculture, as well as by designing user-friendly UI/UX models, making an important step towards inclusive and sustainable digital agriculture.

아파트 관리 애플리케이션 인터페이스 디자인 비교·분석 연구 - 국내 아파트 앱을 중심으로

Recently, among the O2O mobile application services, apartment management apps that provide convenience have been released. They are digital service apps for residents’ use; inquiry and payment of management fees, energy cost checks and non-face-to-face civil complaints are the main services provided by the apps. However, the usability or user experience of the service has not been studied yet. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present necessary improvements for U.I design for Aptner and Apti, the representative apartment app service in Korea. First of all, In the theoretical background, the concept and current status of apartment management apps and components of interface design were summarized. In addition, previous overseas studies that had been investigated were reviewed and organized, and evaluation factors that can be applied to apartment app U.I usability evaluation criteria were also derived. Second, in the analysis of the study subject, the component analysis of the interface visual design, the apartment management app questionnaire, and the usability evaluation task list were created. Third, in the research results, reasonable improvements were presented by comparing and analyzing usability evaluation factor items.

Методические особенности преподавания работы в редакторе Figma в образовательных учреждениях

The article is devoted to the methodological features of teaching how to work in the Figma graphic editor in educational institutions. In the context of the rapid development of digital technologies and the growing demand for specialists proficient in modern interface design tools, Figma has become an essential component of design curricula. This graphic editor offers extensive opportunities for collaborative work, enabling students to work on projects in real-time, simplifying the process of creating and editing interfaces. The article analyzes the main advantages of using Figma in the educational process, including its accessibility, cross-platform capabilities, and integration with other design and prototyping applications. Special attention is given to pedagogical methods that are effective for teaching students, such as project-based learning, problem-based learning, and the flipped classroom approach. Various approaches to structuring the educational process are examined, including the separation of theoretical and practical lessons, the use of interactive technologies, and group projects to ensure maximum student engagement in the learning process. Furthermore, the article discusses the main challenges faced by educational institutions when integrating Figma, such as the need for teacher training, technical limitations, and the updating of educational materials. Recommendations are provided to overcome these challenges and successfully integrate Figma into the educational process, as well as perspectives on the future use of digital tools in education.

A hierarchical design of complex interactive interface with multi‐perception channels for a helmet‐mounted display system of vehicle

A hierarchical design of complex interactive interface with multi‐perception channels for a helmet‐mounted display system of vehicle