Interface Design Considerations Research Articles

Assembled MXene-Liquid Metal Cages on Silicon Microparticles as Self-Healing Battery Anodes.

In pursuit of higher energy density in lithium-ion batteries, silicon (Si) has been recognized as a promising candidate to replace commercial graphite due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the pulverization issue of Si microparticles during lithiation/delithiation results in electrical contact loss and increased side reactions, significantly limiting its practical applications. Herein, we propose to utilize liquid metal (LM) particles as the bridging agent, which assemble conductive MXene (Ti3C2Tx) sheets via coordination chemistry, forming cage-like structures encapsulating mSi particles as self-healing high-energy anodes. Due to the integration of robust Ti3C2Tx sheets and deformable LM particles as conductive buffering cages, simultaneously high-rate capability and cyclability can be realized. Post-mortem analysis revealed the cage structural integrity and the maintained electrical percolating network after cycling. This work introduces an effective approach to accommodate structural change via a resilient encapsulating cage and offers useful interface design considerations for versatile battery electrodes.

Enhancing Individual Sports Training through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in sports training has emerged as a transformative approach to enhancing individual performance, optimizing training strategies, and providing personalized insights for athletes and coaches. This article presents a comprehensive review of the applications, algorithms, challenges, and future directions of AI in individual sports training. We explore the utilization of AI algorithms and techniques, including machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision, in sports apps to personalize training programs, analyze performance, provide feedback, assess injury risks, and optimize training methodologies. The article examines the scientific foundations of AI-enhanced sports training, discussing the personalization and customization of individual training, performance analysis and feedback using AI-powered tools, injury prevention and risk assessment through AI models, user experience and interface design considerations, ethical implications and data privacy, case studies and empirical evidence, challenges, and recommendations for further research. We highlight the potential of AI in transforming the way athletes train, providing tailored interventions, and optimizing performance outcomes. The article concludes by identifying areas for future research, including advanced data analytics, explainable AI models, ethical considerations, collaboration, longitudinal studies, optimization of training programs, human-AI interaction, and generalization to diverse populations. By addressing these research avenues, the field of AI-enhanced sports training can continue to evolve, supporting athletes and coaches in achieving their goals and unlocking new dimensions of performance optimization.

Design and Implementation of the Heartful Education System Platform Based on PHP

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the education industry increasingly relies on information technology to improve teaching quality and management efficiency. This article designs and implements a heartful education system based on the PHP programming language to meet the needs of educational managers in student management, teacher management, course management, etc. Through database design and front-end code development, the system provides convenient user login, registration and personal information management functions, and achieves effective management of educational resources through operations such as adding, modifying, deleting, and querying courses. Additionally, this article describes interface design and security considerations. The front-end technology uses HTML5+CSS3+Bootstrap4.0, and the back-end technology uses ThinkPHP6 enterprise-level framework+MySQL database to ensure that the system has a good user experience and data security. After actual testing, the Heartful Education System has certain applicability and value in the education industry. It can help education management departments improve education quality and efficiency while also saving costs (avoiding the high cost of purchasing an LMS platform).

AI Systems and Respect for Human Autonomy.

This study concerns the sociotechnical bases of human autonomy. Drawing on recent literature on AI ethics, philosophical literature on dimensions of autonomy, and on independent philosophical scrutiny, we first propose a multi-dimensional model of human autonomy and then discuss how AI systems can support or hinder human autonomy. What emerges is a philosophically motivated picture of autonomy and of the normative requirements personal autonomy poses in the context of algorithmic systems. Ranging from consent to data collection and processing, to computational tasks and interface design, to institutional and societal considerations, various aspects related to sociotechnical systems must be accounted for in order to get the full picture of potential effects of AI systems on human autonomy. It is clear how human agents can, for example, via coercion or manipulation, hinder each other’s autonomy, or how they can respect each other’s autonomy. AI systems can promote or hinder human autonomy, but can they literally respect or disrespect a person’s autonomy? We argue for a philosophical view according to which AI systems—while not moral agents or bearers of duties, and unable to literally respect or disrespect—are governed by so-called “ought-to-be norms.” This explains the normativity at stake with AI systems. The responsible people (designers, users, etc.) have duties and ought-to-do norms, which correspond to these ought-to-be norms.

Age and Gender Differences in Performance for Operating a Robotic Manipulator

This paper examines the performance differences across gender and age when operating a robotic manipulator arm and also seeks to determine which human factors are considered important predictors of performance for each group. To examine these differences, 93 participants were recruited and divided up into both male (46) and female (47) as well as young (46) and old (47). While men and women had nearly identical human factors, except for women exhibiting better dexterity, different navigation strategies were utilized by the genders leading men to perform the tasks quicker and with less overall moves than women. While task completion speed was affected most by working memory (WM) and spatial abilities for men, it was seen to be mostly dependent on physical abilities for women. Substantial differences were seen between the age cohorts in WM and dexterity which resulted in the younger cohort completing tasks quicker and with a higher rate of commands than the older cohort; no difference was observed in the total number of moves which provided evidence of a similar navigation strategy across the age groups. To improve task speed performance, older adults used all facets of their information processing and spatial abilities as compared to the younger group who used a narrower subset. To compensate for the aforementioned variations in important human factors, human–computer interface design considerations are suggested.

An Opinion Survey on User Interface Design of Web Learning System

The aim of this research paper is to study the user interface design of web learning system. This paper also analyzes the opinion of the users to improve the current web learning system. There are many web learning portals are available to the learners with and without pay and learn option. But the user interface design of the web learning system has no specific standards. There are many possibilities to improve the current system. User generated content is a new area to explore and study. The users of the system can give an opinion and also able to modify some design aspects according to their preferences and likes. In this research paper, we have studied two different web learning systems and its design aspects. Cognitive aspects and the flexibility of the design plays a very important role in learning. Cloud sharing and downloading time play a very vital role in learners’ preferences. Many free course learners withdraw learning modules due to the pure connectivity from the cloud learning environment. Web design principles, color principles, basic design principles and user interface design considerations should be studied and applied to create a well-constructed user-friendly environment.User generated and user participated design plays a very important role in the effectiveness of learning.

Human-autonomy teaming interface design considerations for multi-unmanned vehicle control

ABSTRACTFuture applications are envisioned in which a single human operator manages multiple heterogeneous unmanned vehicles (UVs) by working together with an autonomy teammate that consists of several intelligent decision-aiding agents/services. This article describes recent advancements in developing a new interface paradigm that will support human-autonomy teaming for air, ground, and surface (sea craft) UVs in defence of a military base. Several concise and integrated candidate control station interfaces are described by which the operator determines the role of autonomy in UV management using an adaptable automation control scheme. An extended play calling based control approach is used to support human-autonomy communication and teaming in managing how UV assets respond to potential threats (e.g. asset allocation, routing, and execution details). The design process for the interfaces is also described including: analysis of a base defence scenario used to guide this effort, consideration of ecological interface design constructs, and generation of UV and task-related pictorial symbology.

Interface design considerations for an in-vehicle eco-driving assistance system

This high-fidelity driving simulator study used a paired comparison design to investigate the effectiveness of 12 potential eco-driving interfaces. Previous work has demonstrated fuel economy improvements through the provision of in-vehicle eco-driving guidance using a visual or haptic interface. This study uses an eco-driving assistance system that advises the driver of the most fuel efficient accelerator pedal angle, in real time. Assistance was provided to drivers through a visual dashboard display, a multimodal visual dashboard and auditory tone combination, or a haptic accelerator pedal. The style of advice delivery was varied within each modality. The effectiveness of the eco-driving guidance was assessed via subjective feedback, and objectively through the pedal angle error between system-requested and participant-selected accelerator pedal angle. Comparisons amongst the six haptic systems suggest that drivers are guided best by a force feedback system, where a driver experiences a step change in force applied against their foot when they accelerate inefficiently. Subjective impressions also identified this system as more effective than a stiffness feedback system involving a more gradual change in pedal feedback. For interfaces with a visual component, drivers produced smaller pedal errors with an in-vehicle visual display containing second order information on the required rate of change of pedal angle, in addition to current fuel economy information. This was supported by subjective feedback. The presence of complementary audio alerts improved eco-driving performance and reduced visual distraction from the roadway. The results of this study can inform the further development of an in-vehicle assistance system that supports ‘green’ driving.

3D interactive topology optimization on hand-held devices

This educational paper describes the implementation aspects, user interface design considerations and workflow potential of the recently published TopOpt 3D App. The app solves the standard minimum compliance problem in 3D and allows the user to change design settings interactively at any point in time during the optimization. Apart from its educational nature, the app may point towards future ways of performing industrial design. Instead of the usual geometrize, then model and optimize approach, the geometry now automatically adapts to the varying boundary and loading conditions. The app is freely available for iOS at Apple's App Store and at http://www.topopt.dtu.dk/TopOpt3D for Windows and OSX.

Development of a detector system to assess audience and occupational exposures at laser shows

Lasers have been used in the entertainment industry for over 40 yr. The laser provides high visual effects such as scanned images and beam patterns to enhance the overall show experience for the audience. Every year, a few suspected eye injuries are claimed. Currently, the risk arising from ocular exposure in laser shows is assessed theoretically before the event is approved, but there is no real-time monitoring of audience or occupational exposure during the show. This paper presents the development of a prototype field measurement instrument to aid in assessing the safety of laser shows. It describes in detail the hardware, user interface and software design considerations, gives system characteristics and illustrates its performance on examples of laser show effects.

Effect of Sitting or Standing on Touch Screen Performance and Touch Characteristics

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sitting and standing on performance and touch characteristics during a digit entry touch screen task in individuals with and without motor-control disabilities. Previously, researchers of touch screen design have not considered the effect of posture (sitting vs. standing) on touch screen performance (accuracy and timing) and touch characteristics (force and impulse). Participants with motor-control disabilities (n = 15) and without (n = 15) completed a four-digit touch screen number entry task in both sitting and standing postures. Button sizes varied from 10 mm to 30 mm (5-mm increments), and button gap was 3 mm or 5 mm. Participants had more misses and took longer to complete the task during standing for smaller button sizes (< 20 mm). At larger button sizes, performance was similar for both sitting and standing. In general, misses, time to complete task, and touch characteristics were increased for standing. Although disability affected performance (misses and timing), similar trends were observed for both groups across posture and button size. Standing affects performance at smaller button sizes (< 20 mm). For participants with and without motor-control disabilities, standing led to greater exerted force and impulse. Along with interface design considerations, environmental conditions should also be considered to improve touch screen accessibility and usability.

Interface Design and Human Factors Considerations for Model-Based Tight Glycemic Control in Critical Care

Tight glycemic control (TGC) has shown benefits but has been difficult to implement. Model-based methods and computerized protocols offer the opportunity to improve TGC quality and compliance. This research presents an interface design to maximize compliance, minimize real and perceived clinical effort, and minimize error based on simple human factors and end user input. The graphical user interface (GUI) design is presented by construction based on a series of simple, short design criteria based on fundamental human factors engineering and includes the use of user feedback and focus groups comprising nursing staff at Christchurch Hospital. The overall design maximizes ease of use and minimizes (unnecessary) interaction and use. It is coupled to a protocol that allows nurse staff to select measurement intervals and thus self-manage workload. The overall GUI design is presented and requires only one data entry point per intervention cycle. The design and main interface are heavily focused on the nurse end users who are the predominant users, while additional detailed and longitudinal data, which are of interest to doctors guiding overall patient care, are available via tabs. This dichotomy of needs and interests based on the end user's immediate focus and goals shows how interfaces must adapt to offer different information to multiple types of users. The interface is designed to minimize real and perceived clinical effort, and ongoing pilot trials have reported high levels of acceptance. The overall design principles, approach, and testing methods are based on fundamental human factors principles designed to reduce user effort and error and are readily generalizable.

SOCIALSENSE: Graphical user interface design considerations for social network experiment software

Using networked computers in laboratory experiments to investigate group dynamics currently requires the creation of special program application software. Design considerations for a useable graphical user interface (GUI) in such software are discussed in this paper. We describe SOCIALSENSE communication software created to experimentally test the effect of different social network configurations, group membership, and group integration on patterns of rumor self-organization. The software connected 16 participants using several different network configurations via a web-accessible Java applet, tasked them with making sense of rumors presented to them, enabled “neighbors” to synchronously or asynchronously communicate, and recorded their selections and beliefs. Four principles of design were followed: employ reading gravity, minimize cognitive load, use pre-existing mental models, and select color to direct attention. A description of each principle is presented, how it was applied to the GUI, and how it could be applied to other social network experiment program interfaces.

Making mLEarning Work: Utilizing Mobile Technology for Active Exploration, Collaboration, Assessment, and Reflection in Higher Education

The convergence of mobile technologies into student-centered learning environments requires academic institutions to design new and more effective learning, teaching, and user experience strategies. In this article we share results from an mLearning design experiment and analysis from a student survey conducted at the National College of Ireland. Quantitative data support our hypothesis that mLearning technologies can provide a platform for active learning, collaboration, and innovation in higher education. In addition, we review mobile interface and user-experience design considerations, and mLearning theory. Finally, we provide an overview of mLearning applications being developed in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ireland including, Virtual Graffiti, BuddyBuzz, Flickr, and RAMBLE.

A Review of Concentric Annular Heat Pipes

A detailed description of a concentric annular heat pipe (CAHP) operation is presented in low to moderate temperature ranges (50–200°C). The steady-state response of a CAHP to various heat fluxes in the evaporator and condenser sections are discussed. Two-dimensional mathematical modeling of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the annular vapor space and the wicks are described. The fundamental aspects and limitations of the operation of a CAHP are also discussed. Previously used numerical and experimental approaches for the analysis of the CAHPs and some related concepts are reviewed. The Navier-Stokes and similar equations are recommended for the simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in the annular vapor space and the wicks. A number of important concepts, such as two-phase flow, heat transfer in the heat pipe wicks, the vapor–liquid interface conditions, design considerations, testing, and manufacture of a CAHP, are also briefly discussed. The results of this research have shown that the available numerical and experimental data in the literature are sufficiently accurate in many applications. However, new mathematical models and experimental works are needed for the better design and manufacture of various types of CAHPs.

Interface Design Considerations in Libraries

Summary The potential of new approaches for information system interface design is truly immense. Interactive, engaging and compelling interfaces and systems for information retrieval and visualization are under development. These will rely on greatly enhanced user options and controls that will fully involve all users at all levels of finding expertise. A major component of these interfaces will be well evolved multi—and hypermedia systems that will better apply traditional, textu-ally presented information while going greatly beyond this to fully emphasize visual metaphor and other “sensorial” modes of understanding to facilitate the information seeking process. This article discusses these developments and associated research in regard to library related public access information systems. It is available on the Web at: http://libwww.ucr.edu/pubs/stlinfoviz.html

Knowledge Representations in Hypermedia CALL Authoring: Conception and Evaluation

This article proposes to strengthen the theoretical basis supporting hypermedia CALL authoring by initiating a requirements analysis based on contextualized conceptual and mental models. Its purpose is threefold. It intends to present the theoretical dimension of knowledge representations within the authoring process in order to provide an understanding of the potential and usability of such a design support. Additionally, it attempts to apply this theoretical approach to the delineated field of hypermedia CALL in French language for undergraduates through an investigation of mental models based on surveys and summative evaluation. Ultimately, it tries to promote the need for an appropriate methodology and greater user interface design considerations in hypermedia CALL authoring.

Electromagnetic gun/projectile interface considerations

Projectile/electromagnetic-gun interface design considerations for electromagnetic gun weapon system (EMGWS) area D1 projectiles, area B-guns, and area C-guns are presented. Projectile/EM gun interfaces are primary considerations in the projectile structural design and the design of the sabot obturator/bore rider, pusher plate, and armature. Acceleration profile, armature type and mass, preinjector characteristics, bore pressure, magnetic fields, and plasma temperature are all key issues in the ultimate projectile performance. Armature design is a critical technical issue for both the projectile and EM gun design because of the high masses involved. Solid armatures are heavier than plasma armatures, but operate at higher electrical efficiencies. Plasma armatures are both being considered for the B-guns and C-guns. Performance tradeoffs are presented for penetration versus peak acceleration and armature mass. Contributors to projectile dispersion such as in-bore balloting, projectile spin, and EM launcher muzzle arc effects are assessed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Study of communication interfaces for multiple bus networks

Abstract A model is presented which reflects communication interface design considerations present in emerging multiple bus communication. The model captures various levels of functional duplication in the receive/transmit mechanisms of the communication interface units. It is shown that the level of duplication significantly effects performance, especially for systems with small number of communication units.

Human factors guidelines for terminal interface design

This paper provides a set of guidelines for the design of software interfaces for video terminals. It describes how to optimize screen layouts, interactive data entry, and error handling, as well as many practical techniques for improving man-machine interaction. Emphasis is placed on factors relating to perceptual and cognitive psychology rather than on gross physiological concerns. Ways in which interfaces can be evaluated to improve their user friendliness are also suggested. The author summarizes many ideas that can be found in other, more comprehensive texts on the subject. These guidelines will provide practicing software designers with useful insights into some of today's principal terminal interface design considerations.