Interfacial Adhesion Strength Research Articles

Investigation of the Interfacial Adhesion Strength of Parts Additively Manufactured on Fabrics

Abstract This research first presents a method of peel testing developed by the researchers to characterize the strength of the interface between fabric and additively manufactured material. Experimentation is next presented that characterizes the interfacial strength relative to a set of parameters which include fabric fiber morphology, thickness of sizing applied to fabric, 3D printer bed temperature, and angle of additive manufacturing relative to the fabric warp direction. The interface strength within the parameter space presented was then searched and found to have a maximum of 5.18 N/mm using a novel set of parameters. This interface strength indicates the method of additive manufacturing direction on fabric may be suitable for use in a broader range of applications than previously proven feasible. Relatively rough, thick, and loose weave fabrics were found to promote interface strength compared to smoother, thinner, and finer woven fabrics. Relatively higher bed temperatures also promoted higher interface strength. Sizings on the fabric were found to promote interface strength with relatively smooth, thin, or fine fabrics which do not themselves promote high mechanical interlocking. Using these research findings, interface strength between fabric and additively manufactured material can be modified to suit the application.

The interface stiffness and topographic feature dictate interfacial invasiveness of cancer spheroids

During cancer metastasis, tumor cells likely navigate, in a collective manner, discrete tissue spaces comprising inherently heterogeneous extracellular matrix microstructures where interfaces may be frequently encountered. Studies have shown that cell migration modes can be determined by adaptation to mechanical/topographic cues from interfacial microenvironments. However, less attention has been paid to exploring the impact of interfacial mechnochemical attributes on invasive and metastatic behaviors of tumor aggregates. Here, we excogitated a collagen matrix-solid substrate interface platform to investigate the afore-stated interesting issue. Our data revealed that stiffer interfaces stimulated spheroid outgrowth by motivating detachment of single cells and boosting their motility and velocity. However, stronger interfacial adhesive strength between matrix and substrate led to the opposite outcomes. Besides, this interfacial parameter also affected the morphological switch between migration modes of the detached cells and their directionality. Mechanistically, myosin II-mediated cell contraction, compared to matrix metalloproteinases-driven collagen degradation, was shown to play a more crucial role in the invasive outgrowth of tumor spheroids in interfacial microenvironments. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of heterogeneous interfaces in addressing and combating cancer metastasis.

The Mechanical Behavior and Enhancement Mechanism of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced AFS Interface

The aluminum foam sandwich (AFS), which perfectly combines the excellent merits of an aluminum foam core and face sheet materials, has extensive and reliable applications in many fields, such as aerospace, military equipment, transportation, and so on. Adhesive bonding is one of the most widely used methods to produce AFS due to its general applicability, simple process, and low cost, however, the bonding interface is known as the weak link and may cause a serious accident. To overcome the shortcomings of a bonded AFS interface, short carbon fiber as a reinforcement phase was introduced to epoxy resin to reinforce the interface adhesion strength of AFS. Single lap shear tests and three-point bending tests were conducted to study the mechanical behavior of the reinforced interface and AFS, respectively. The failure mechanism was studied through a macro- and microanalysis. The result showed that after the reinforcement of carbon fiber, the tangential shear strength of the interface increased by 73.65%. The effective displacement of AFS prepared by the reinforced epoxy resin is 125.95% more than the AFS prepared by the unreinforced epoxy resin. The flexure behavior of the reinforced AFS can be compared with AFS made through a metallurgical method. Three categories of reinforcement mechanisms were discovered: (a) the pull off and pull mechanism: when the modified carbon fiber performed as the bridge, the bonding strength improved because of the pull off and pull out of fibers; (b) adhesion effect: the carbon fiber gathered in the hole edge resulted in epoxy resins being gathered in there too, which increased the effective bonding area of the interface; (c) mechanical self-locking effect: the carbon fiber enhanced the adhesive filling performance of aluminum foam holes, which improved the mechanical self-locking effect of the bonding interface.

Three-Dimensional Crosslinked PAA-TA Hybrid Binders for Long-Cycle-Life SiOx Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The large volume expansion hinders the commercial application of silicon oxide (SiOx) anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Recent studies show that binders play a vital role in mitigating the volume change of SiOx electrodes. Herein, we introduce the small molecule tannic acid (TA) with high branching into the linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) binder for SiOx anodes. The three-dimensional (3D) crosslinked network with multiple hydrogen bonds is formed by the incorporation of abundant hydroxyl groups with unique carboxyl groups, which increases the interfacial adhesive strength with SiOx particles. As a consequence, SiOx electrodes based on the PAA-TA binder show an excellent cycling performance with a high specific capacity of 1025 mA h g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 250 cycles. Moreover, the SiOx||NCM811 full cell exhibits a reversible capacity of 143 mA h g-1 corresponding to 87.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

Strong Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel Adhesives with Removability and Reusability for Damaged Tissue Closure and Healing.

Bioadhesives are widely used in a variety of medical settings due to their ease of use and efficient wound closure and repair. However, achieving both strong adhesion and removability/reusability is highly needed but challenging. Here, we reported an injectable mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticle (MBGN)-incorporated biopolymer hydrogel bioadhesive that demonstrates a strong adhesion strength (up to 107.55 kPa) at physiological temperatures that is also removable and reusable. The incorporation of MBGNs in the biopolymer hydrogel significantly enhances the tissue adhesive strength due to an increased cohesive and adhesive property compared to the hydrogel adhesive alone. The detachment of bioadhesive results from temperature-induced weakening of interfacial adhesive strength. Moreover, the bioadhesive displays injectability, self-healing, and excellent biocompatibility. We demonstrate potential applications of the bioadhesive in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo for hemostasis and intestinal leakage closure and accelerated skin wound healing compared to surgical wound closures. This work provides a novel design of strong and removable bioadhesives.

Chemical bond formed between electrodeposits and substrate at room temperature with a novel in situ electrochemical treatment

The interfacial adhesion strength between electrodeposits and substrate is crucial in many applications, such as the thrust chamber of hydrogen-oxygen rocket engines. To achieve excellent adhesion, herein we propose a novel in situ electrochemical treatment that promotes formation of chemical bonds at the electrodeposit/substrate interface. This treatment integrates the electrochemical dissolution, substrate transport between baths and electrodeposition in a continuous homologous-acid system, thereby achieving and maintaining the activated interface. As a result of the Ni electrodeposition on the Cu substrate, Cu-Ni bonds forms between the deposits and the substrate at the nanoscale interface roughness (<200 nm), realizing the ultrahigh adhesive strength of 386 MPa. The detected diffraction peak intensities of Cu–Ni bonds, initial electrodeposition potential, and deposit–substrate adhesive strength show that the smooth interfacial micromorphology and the continuous homologous-acid environment are the keys to the formation of the Cu–Ni bonds. Qualitative models are built to further analyze and understand chemical bond formation during electrodeposition.

Mechanical properties and chemical bonding transitions of Nb/NbC and α-Fe/NbC interfaces in Fe-Nb-C composites

The metal/ceramic interface is of utmost significance for the study of alloyed steel containing niobium and in situ niobium carbide reinforced composites. Herein, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are carried out to study adhesion work (Wad), electronic structure, bonding property and theoretical tensile strength of two types of interfaces, i.e., Nb/NbC and α-Fe /NbC, in Fe-Nb-C composites. The effect of termination of two different atoms (Nb- and C-) in the interface and different interfacial positions on properties of Nb/NbC and α-Fe/NbC interfacial structures is studied in detail. The results reveal that the effect of both types of interfaces on the bulk phase is mainly concentrated in the first three-layers near the interface, and C-terminated interfaces exhibit stronger stability (7.60 J/m2) and greater theoretical tensile strength (0.80 J/m2) than what. After high-precision geometrical optimization, interfacial adhesion strength exhibits the following order: Nb(001)/NbC(010)> α-Fe(110)/NbC(010)> α-Fe(100)/NbC(100). In terms of interfacial bonding, it is found that both C-terminated interfaces exhibit strong covalent and ionic bonds, where Nb-C bonding is better than Fe-C bonding.

Influence of fiber-asphalt interface property on crack resistance of asphalt mixture

This paper aims to analyze the interface property between fibers and asphalt, and study its influence on the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture. Four fibers (basalt fiber A (BF-A), basalt fiber B (BF-B), polyester fiber (PEF) and polyacrylonitrile fiber (PAF)) were selected in the study. The interface adhesion parameters were obtained by conducting the novel fiber-asphalt pullout test, and the micromorphology of the fiber-asphalt interface area was also observed. The crack resistance of the mixture was determined using the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test (IDEAL-CT) and the semi-circular bending test (SCB). Basic crack resistance indicators such as CTIndex and flexibility index (FI) were used for analyzing. Meanwhile, digital image correlation (DIC) technology was adopted to quantitatively characterize the crack inhibition mechanism of fibers in the fiber-asphalt mixtures. The results showed that the interface adhesion strength between BF-A and asphalt is the largest at 25 ℃, followed by BF-B, PEF and PAF. The addition of fibers can effectively improve the CTIndex and FI of asphalt mixtures, and it is found that the interface adhesion characteristics between fibers and asphalt have a great influence on the crack propagation process. The crack opening velocity curve obtained from the DIC analysis can quantitatively characterize the crack development law of the asphalt mixture. The coefficient of determination R2 between the interface adhesion strength and the DIC index (stage I velocity change rate and timing point 1 time) exceeded 0.85. The results can provide scientific references for the design and application of fiber reinforced asphalt mixture.

Polysaccharide hydrogel electrolytes with robust interfacial contact to electrodes for quasi-solid state flexible aqueous zinc ion batteries with efficient suppressing of dendrite growth

Flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) require high conductive and adhesive hydrogel electrolytes. However, high adhesion tends to hinder ion conduction rate. Herein, we designed a water/glycerol binary solvent coordinating the hydrophilic polymers to reconstruct the water molecules' environment in the hydrogel. As a consequence, the interface adhesion strength between Zn and the hydrogel reached 3.0 kPa and the ionic conductivity was up to 16.8 mS cm−1. In addition, inspired by the slurry electrode preparation method, we developed a simple blade coating technique using a non-Newtonian polysaccharide liquid solution to construct an ultra-thin hydrogel electrolyte in situ on the cathode. The thickness of the obtained hydrogel reached 70 μm, and the ultrathin flexible AZIBs were easily constructed by pasting a Zn anode directly on the adhesive hydrogel, showing the potential of flexible AZIBs scalable assembly. In addition, the Zn//Zn symmetrical cells with the hydrogel electrolyte provided stable cycling performance for over 400 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 with suppressed dendrite growth. The assembled Zn//Polyaniline battery and Zn//V2O5 battery also exhibited excellent capacity retention after cycles. This work has realized the hydrogel electrolyte with high adhesion and conductivity, which has good adaptability to metal electrodes and opened up a new practical way for large-scale assembly of flexible energy storage devices.

Effect of laser cladding speed on microstructure and properties of titanium alloy coating on low carbon steel

Titanium and its alloys have excellent corrosion resistance in the marine environment, but their applications are limited by the high cost of raw materials and manufacturing difficulties. In this work, we successfully prepared a thin titanium alloy coating on the low carbon steel surface by a laser cladding method. With a systematical study on the cladding process, the laser cladding speed is found to be the crucial parameter to tune the coating performance. On the one hand, the corrosion resistance is determined by the laser cladding speed. The higher laser cladding speed leads to a thinner coating thickness, and the melted titanium powder is less resulting in a high dilution rate. The increase of the dilution rate is more likely to cause surface cracks, and the corrosion resistance decreases due to these cracks and the formation of the Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds on the coating surface. When the laser cladding speed is 6 mm/s, the sample possesses the lowest dilution rate of 9.9 % and the best corrosion resistance (Ecorr of −0.247 V and Icorr of 1.526 × 10−8 A·cm−2). Therefore, the critical dilution rate D (9.9 %) can be proposed as the optimization goal for the laser cladding speed. When the dilution rate is equal to or lower than the D, the corresponding laser cladding process can guarantee sufficient corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy coating. On the other hand, the laser cladding speed can also influence the coating hardness and the interfacial adhesion strength between the coating and substrate. When the laser cladding speed is slow, the coating hardness decreases to a certain extent, while the interfacial adhesion strength slightly descends. Therefore, this work can expedite the effective applications of titanium alloys in marine engineering equipment, with a greatly reduced cost and ensured performance.

Improving hydrophobicity and compatibility between kenaf fiber and polymer composite by surface treatment with inorganic nanoparticles

Compatibility of natural fiber with hydrophobic matrix is a herculean task in literature works. Surface treatment is a well-known approach for increasing the strength of interfacial adhesion between fibres and polymer matrices. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of surface treatment with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in improving hydrophobicity of kenaf fiber (KF) to enhance the compatibility between KF and polymer matrix. In this study, KF reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (KF/UPE) were fabricated by the hand lay-up method with varying fiber loadings (wt %) of 10 20, 30, and 40. KF were treated with five different contents of ZnONPs (1% to 5 wt%) to make UPE/KF-ZnONPs composites. The composites were studied in terms of wetting response (contact angle measure and water absorption), mechanical properties, chemical structure (FTIR), crystalline structure (XRD), and surface morphology (SEM, AFM). The investigational findings indicate that the composite samples incorporating ZnONPs exhibit optimum hydrophobicity and mechanical properties, as they possessed a higher contact angle than the untreated KF composite. The optimum content of ZnONPs was found to be 2 wt%. Regarding water absorption, the untreated UPE/KF composites absorbed more water than the treated UPE/KF-ZnONPs composites. SEM images showed changes in the morphology of the KF, while FTIR analysis proved the presence of ZnONPs functional groups in the UPE/KF composites. AFM images revealed that the ZnONPs could actively produce nanolevel roughness, advantageous to the hydrophobic characteristics.

Preparation and Properties of Waste Corrugated Paper Fiber/Polylactic Acid Co-Extruded Composite.

In order to explore the methods of recycling waste paper, reduce environment pollution, and develop a circular economy, the application of waste corrugated paper to the strengthening of polylactic acid (PLA) was studied. Plant fiber from waste corrugated paper (WCPF) was used to prepare WCPF/PLA composite via co-extrusion. The WCPF was extracted from the waste corrugated paper by beating in a Valli beating machine and grinding in a disc grinder. KH-550 coupling agent was used to modify the surface of WCPF to improve the interface adhesive strength between the WCPF and PLA matrix. The effects of the contents of WCPF and KH-550 coupling agent on the mechanical properties, microstructure, crystallization properties, and thermostability of the WCPF/PLA composite were studied. The results show that the WCPF can be well separated from each other. The WCPF can be uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix through a co-extrusion process. WCPF can increase the mechanical strength and deformation resistance ability of WCPF/PLA composite, and KH-550 coupling agent can further improve that of the WCPF/PLA composite. This study is of obvious significance to the recycling of waste paper and the development of a circular economy.

Plasma surface pretreatment to improve interfacial adhesion strengths of sputtered Cu on polyimide film

The development of electronic communication and related fields puts forward urgent requirements for the research and development of high-frequency and high-speed flexible copper-clad laminate coating technology. However, magnetron sputtering technology faces the problem of poor adhesion between flexible metal films and polymer substrates. This study introduces reactive chemical groups on the PI surface to improve wettability and produce functional groups conducive to bonding with metals. The results showed that plasma pretreatment increases the surface roughness and increases the surface energy of PI films. Furthermore, the surface chemical structure of PI was changed. It was found that the adhesion strength of the Cu film and PI substrate was related to the formation of C-N functional groups. Results indicated that Cu films deposited on PI pretreat with Ar-N2 plasma have higher density and lower porosity. Moreover, the adhesion test revealed that the adhesion properties of Cu and PI were significantly improved by plasma pretreat.

Impacts of asphalt and mineral types on interfacial behaviors: A molecular dynamics study

In order to analyze the interfacial interaction mechanism between the types of mineral and asphalt at the molecular scale, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to study the interfacial behavior of three asphalt binders (AS-1, AS-2, AS-3) with five minerals (SiO2, CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3). Thermodynamic properties of asphalt binder were used to evaluate the rationality of MD simulations, such as density, glass transition temperature, cohesive energy density and solubility parameter. The mean square displacement (MSD), diffusion coefficient and relative concentration distribution were employed to analyze the diffusion regularity of asphalt SARA (saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene) components on the mineral surface, and the bonding strength between asphalt and different minerals was evaluated by calculating the adhesion work. The simulation results show that Van der Waals energy and Coulomb electrostatic energy play critical role in the adhesion of asphalt-mineral. The diffusivity of asphalt on the surfaces of five minerals was ranked as CaO > MgO > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > SiO2. It is enhanced with the increase of alkaline strength of minerals, and then the adhesion work of asphalt-mineral increases. The interfacial adhesion strength of the asphalt binders and minerals are directly related to the proportion of asphaltene and resin components, and the molecular mass of asphalt will affect asphalt-mineral adhesion strength, which can also be reflected by the relative concentration distribution of SARA components on mineral surface.

Silane modification of semi-curing epoxy surface: High interfacial adhesion for conductive coatings

Weak interfacial bonding between epoxy resin and plated metallic layer limits the development of epoxy resin in electronic devices and multilayer circuits. In this work, we propose a surface silane graft strategy by utilizing the active epoxy groups of semi-curing epoxy resin, which can replace the alkali washing and coarsening steps before metallization and achieve higher interfacial adhesion strength to the metallic layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the chemical composition of the surface after the modification process. The effects of modification time and concentration of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) solution on the adhesion strength were studied by 180° peeling test. When the modification time reached 20 min or the concentration of MPTES solution was above 8 %, the adhesive strength was stable at 16 N/cm, showing a strong adhesive effect on the silver layer. This research may have positive implications for improving interfacial bonding between metal and polymer surfaces.

Isotropic 3D printing using material extrusion of thin shell and post-casting of reinforcement core

Material extrusion (ME) can be used to manufacture a range of three-dimensional shapes by stacking extruded polymer layers with a heated nozzle. While the process is suitable for customized production in small quantities, the use of ME-printed features is often limited with regard to mechanical purposes due to the intrinsic anisotropic strength shortcoming, as parts can easily failure against a load in the transverse direction. In addition, the production speed for multiple parts is another major drawback preventing real competition with other mass manufacturing technologies. In this paper, we introduce an additive manufacturing strategy of shell pre-printing and core post-casting (referring as shell-core printing) that effectively enhances the isotropic strength and the production speed. Shell-core printing involves 3D printing a thin shell of the three-dimensional shape using the conventional ME method, followed by the injection and curing of a reinforcement resin inside the core. We show that the transverse strength of the layered shell can be reinforced by the core and that the reinforcement can be more effective when the shell-core interface roughness is effectively removed. Using an additional surface-polishing step between the pre-printing and the post-casting, the degree of isotropy with regard to the strength can be enhanced significantly from 0.4 to nearly 1, while the overall production time can also be reduced by half that in the conventional ME process. We also investigate the tensile behavior of the shell-core printed specimen and experimentally verify that the characteristics in general follow the classical theory of the rule of mixtures. In addition, we find that many different fracture modes exist in shell-core printed parts depending on the adhesive strength at the shell-core interface. We provide a theoretical criterion for the interfacial bonding energy which determines the different fracture behaviors and experimentally validate this in a mode II fracture test. • We introduce a shell-core printing strategy, material extrusion of 3D shell and casting of reinforcement material in the core. • Shell-core printing can improve the degree of isotropy in strength from 0.4 to nearly 1. • Total production time of shell-core printing can also be reduced by half that in general material extrusion 3D printing. • Shell-core Interface topography and adhesive strength determine the fracture behavior of the printed shell-core products.

Preparation of Biocomposites with Natural Reinforcements: The Effect of Native Starch and Sugarcane Bagasse Fibers.

Biocomposites were prepared from poly(lactic acid) and two natural reinforcements, a native starch and sugarcane bagasse fibers. The strength of interfacial adhesion was estimated by model calculations, and local deformation processes were followed by acoustic emission testing. The results showed that the two additives influence properties differently. The strength of interfacial adhesion and thus the extent of reinforcement are similar because of similarities in chemical structure, the large number of OH groups in both reinforcements. Relatively strong interfacial adhesion develops between the components, which renders coupling inefficient. Dissimilar particle characteristics influence local deformation processes considerably. The smaller particle size of starch results in larger debonding stress and thus larger composite strength. The fracture of the bagasse fibers leads to larger energy consumption and to increased impact resistance. Although the environmental benefit of the prepared biocomposites is similar, the overall performance of the bagasse fiber reinforced PLA composites is better than that offered by the PLA/starch composites.

Polydopamine and Mercapto Functionalized 3D Carbon Nano-Material Hybrids Synergistically Modifying Aramid Fibers for Adhesion Improvement.

In order to solve the problem of poor interfacial adhesion between aramid fibers and a rubber matrix, an efficient and mild modification method was proposed via polydopamine and mercapto functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotube (CNTs) hybrids synergistically modifying aramid fibers. GO and CNTs were firstly stacked and assembled into unique 3D GO-CNTs hybrids through π-π conjugation. Then, the mercapto functionalization of the assembled 3D GO-CNTs hybrids was realized via the dehydration condensation reaction between the hydroxyls of GO and the silanol groups of coupling agent. Finally, the mercapto functionalized 3D GO-CNTs hybrids were grafted onto the aramid fibers, which were pre-modified by polydopamine through the Michael addition reaction mechanism. The surface morphology and chemical structures of GO-CNTs hybrids and fibers and the interfacial adhesion strength between fibers and rubber matrix were investigated. The results showed that the modification method had brought about great changes in the surface structure of fibers but not generated any damage traces. More importantly, this modification method could improve the interfacial strength by 110.95%, and the reason was not only the reactivity of functional groups but also that the 3D GO-CNTs hybrids with excellent mechanical properties could effectively share interfacial stress. The method proposed in this paper was universal and had the potential to be applied to other high-performance fiber-reinforced composites.

Study of the matching performance of a microarc oxidation film/electrophoresis composite coating on magnesium alloys

AbstractThe combination of a microarc oxidation (MAO) film and water‐based electrophoresis painting (EP) technology is a promising surface treatment for magnesium alloys, but the matching performance between them has not been investigated systematically. For fabricating the optimal composite coating, the influence of the MAO film condition and electrophoresis parameters on the overall performance of the composite coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, finite element modeling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion tests. The results indicate that the composite coating with an MAO voltage of 330 V and an EP voltage of 120 V shows the best corrosion resistance. Its excellent anticorrosion performance is attributed to the suitable thickness ratio of the MAO/EP coating and the excellent mechanical interlock effect of the MAO/EP interface. The microstructure of the MAO coating plays a key role; the uniform micropore size promotes a uniform electric field distribution in the initial electrophoresis process, which can considerably improve the sealing pore quality of the EP resin and further maximize the interfacial adhesion strength.

Graphene-reinforced epoxy powder coating to achieve high performance wear and corrosion resistance

The corrosion and wear resistance of organic coatings are the key factors to maintain their good function. Graphene-based polymer composites have attracted incredible attention owing to their superior physicochemical properties than polymers. In this study, the effect of graphene nanosheet (G) additives on the microstructure, adhesion behaviors, anti-wear performance and corrosion resistant of epoxy powder coatings (EP) were systematically investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results verified that the mild addition of G could enhance the compactness of EP and reduced microstructure defects such as cracks, cavities, and voids. The adhesion and tribological results confirmed that the graphene-contained epoxy powder composite coatings (G/EP) could demonstrate significant improvement compared to the EP, which potentially attributed to the high mechanical and self-lubrication properties of G nanoflakes. In particular, the electrochemical and salt spray evaluation revealed that the enhanced physical barrier protection performance and outstanding anti-corrosion capacity of the G/EP composite coating containing 0.4 wt% G. The current study provides a promising metal protection strategy for the development of graphene-enhanced organic powder coatings applied in mechanical-corrosion coupling environments. This article reveals for the first time that graphene nanosheets enhance the interfacial adhesion strength of organic powder coatings, as well as the effect on wear and electrochemical performance.