Interfacial Adhesion Research Articles

Influence of elevated temperature on the interfacial adhesion properties of cement composites reinforced with recycled coconut fiber

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is the preferred material for rapid repair due to its rapid setting and early strength properties. However, its inherent brittleness renders it less suitable for use in assembled building nodes. To address the brittleness of MPC, coconut fiber (CF), a natural fiber known for its toughness, is often employed as a reinforcement. However, CF-MPC encounter difficulties in high-temperature settings, such as fire emergencies, which may compromise the interfacial bonding properties of this materials. This paper presents an investigation into the interfacial bonding properties of CF-MPC at elevated temperatures. The study employed microscopic analysis to observe the material changes of CF at elevated temperatures, evaluated the mechanical property changes by means of Fiber Tensile Test, and assessed the interfacial bonding performance by means of Fiber Drawing Test between CF and MPC. The findings indicated that as the temperature increased, the carbonized residue of the CF gradually decomposed, resulting in a notable decline in mechanical strength. Upon exceeding 400 °C, the carbonization of CF was complete, resulting in the loss of its mechanical properties. Besides the results also demonstrated that the interfacial bond strength of CF-MPC at a burial depth of 7.5 mm reaches its maximum value of 2.14 MPa at 20 °C. As the temperature rises to 200 °C, the interfacial bond strength at a burial depth of 12.5 mm reaches its maximum value of 1.08 MPa at this temperature. The findings of this study are conducive to promoting the application of CF-MPC at high temperatures and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent optimization of this material.

Metalloproteinase inhibitors in the adhesion process dental

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in tooth physiological development, caries processes, and hybrid layer degradation, in addition to being associated with dentin collagen breakdown. The interplay of MMP activity, masticatory forces, and biofilm action may, over time, compromise composite resin restorations. To reduce hybrid layer degradation by endogenous proteases and extend the longevity of resin restorations, MMP inhibitors and collagen cross-linking agents have been extensively studied. This work aims to identify, through a literature review, agents capable of inactivating MMPs at the dentin adhesive interface. This integrative review, based on studies retrieved from PUBMED/MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO, and VHL databases, identified 19 agents able to inhibit MMP activity at the adhesive-dentin interface in studies published between January 2018 and June 2023. It can be concluded that several agents can partially or completely block MMP activity, thereby enhancing restoration longevity. However, further studies are required to facilitate the clinical use of these agents, beyond chlorhexidine, in dental practice, with the application techniques suited to dentists’ daily clinical routines.

Research on Adhesion Pull-Off Behavior of Rigid Flat Punch and Viscoelastic Substrate

Interfacial adhesion is one of the key factors affecting the reliability of micro–nano systems. The adhesion contact mechanism is still unclear as the time-dependent viscoelasticity of soft materials. To clarify the adhesion interaction, the pull-off detachment between the rigid flat punch and viscoelastic substrate is explored considering the viscoelasticity of soft materials and rate-dependent adhesion. Taking the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential characterizing interfacial adhesion and the Prony series defining the viscoelasticity of materials as references, the bilinear cohesion zone model (CZM) and standard Maxwell model are employed, and an adhesion analysis framework is established by combining finite element technology. The influence laws of the loading and unloading rates, material relaxation coefficients and size effect on adhesion pull-off behavior are revealed. The results show that the pull-off force is independent of the material relaxation effect and related to the unloading rate. When v^ ≥ 50 or v^ < 0.01, the pull-off force has nothing to do with the unloading rate, but when 0.01 < v^ < 50, the pull-off force increases with the increasing unloading rate. Also, it is controlled by the size effect, and the changing trend conforms to the MD-n model proposed by Jiang. The energy required for interfacial separation (i.e., effective adhesion work) is a result of the comprehensive influence of unloading rates, material properties and the relaxation effect, which is consistent with Papangelo1’s research results. In addition, we derive the critical contact radius of the transition from the Kendall solution to the strength control solution. This work not only provides a detailed solution for the interfacial adhesion behavior but also provides guidance for the application of adhesion in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMSs).

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced POM Composite Filled With Maleamidic Acid Treated Carbon Nanotube

ABSTRACTIn order to attain improved mechanical properties of the carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM) composite, maleamidic acid treated carbon nanotube (CNT) was deposited on carbon fiber. The mechanical properties of composites have been investigated. The tensile strength values of the treated CF/POM composites at all CNT mixing ratios are found to be higher than that of untreated one. The surface morphologies of the fractured surfaces of the composites were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to gain information about the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion in the composites. The friction coefficient of all the CF/POM/CNT composites decrease as the load increases from 10 to 20 N under the same sliding speed of 1000 r/min. XPS results showed that the formation of C–O, C=O, and O–C=O based species give rise to chemical bonds of the CF and the POM.

Tough and biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate blends for screw-based 3D printing: Interfacial compatibilizing via reactive carbon nanotubes

Reactive nanoparticles were recently reported as novel and highly effective compatibilizers for biodegradable polymer blends. In this work, three kinds of reactive carbon nanotubes with low, medium, and high vinylsilane grafting ratios (VCNT-L, VCNT-M, and VCNT-H) were synthesized, and their compatibilizing efficiencies were studied. Poly(lactic acid)/polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PLA/PBAT) blends for 3D printing were prepared by reactive blending PLA and PBAT with either of VCNT-L, VCNT-M, and VCNT-H in the presence of organic peroxide. Tough and biodegradable 3D printed samples were achieved by using PLA/PBAT blends reactively compatibilized by VCNT-M and VCNT-H. The impact strength of 3D printed blend samples containing VCNT-M and VCNT-H is 4.1 and 6.2 folds to that of 3D printed PLA samples, respectively. The high interfacial compatibilizing efficiency of both VCNT-M and VCNT-H for PLA/PBAT blend was evidenced by SEM and linear rheological examining results. However, the VCNT-L tended to induce large size PBAT phase domains, hence the poor interfacial adhesion. As a result, 3D printed PLA/PBAT blend samples containing VCNT-L exhibited low impact strength, closing to that of PLA samples. Apart from the remarkable compatibilizing effects, the VCNT-H was observed to significantly improve the interlayer adhesion of the 3D printed samples.

The salt removal from ancient sandstone using CaCO3 oligomer- and POSS siloxane-enhanced zwitterionic polymer

The weathering of outdoor sandstone cultural relics was dominantly induced by the circulating crystallization of soluble salt Na2SO4. This work proposed to weaken the salt-induced deterioration by a protective material that could reinforce the fragile sandstone and simultaneously remove the salt via continuously transporting the salt towards the air-sandstone interface without damage to the sandstone. Therefore, a new protective material bearing poly(methacryloyloxylethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)-based zwitterionic polymer segment (PMH), hydrophobic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) segment (APTES-POSS) and small-size CaCO3 oligomer was prepared and denoted as POSS-PMH/CaCO3 composite. The presence of phosphorylcholine zwitterionic groups with water/salt affinity contributed greatly to the salt crystallization resistance of POSS-PMH/CaCO3 coating. Specifically, Na2SO4 crystallization pressure in the (POSS-PMH/CaCO3)-coated confined medium decreased by 88.1 % and 59.6 % as compared with that in the glass plate confined medium and that in the (APTES-POSS)-coated confined medium, respectively. In addition, the salt in (POSS-PMH/CaCO3)-treated sandstone could be ingeniously removed by zwitterion-induced outward transport. As a functional additive to traditional paper pulp poultice, POSS-PMH/CaCO3 could also achieve a high-efficiency extraction of salt from sandstone. More critically, the hydrophobicity and strong interfacial bonding ability of APTES-POSS segment, as well as the small size effect and crosslinking property of CaCO3 oligomer highly facilitated the interfacial adhesion of POSS-PMH/CaCO3 towards sandstone, improving the service life of POSS-PMH/CaCO3 and meanwhile avoiding the potential damage to sandstone during the removal of salt.

Bio-based epoxidized cardanol sorbate as an interface-localized compatibilizer for enhancing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) (P34HB) blend

PLA is a bio-based polyester with limited barrier and flexible properties. Adding poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P34HB), a biodegradable polyester known for its outstanding barrier properties, was the strategy employed to boost PLA performance. However, the blend’s immiscibility necessitates compatibilizers to bolster interfacial adhesion and dispersion. This study designed a novel bio-based compatibilizer, epoxidized cardanol sorbate (ECD-SA), to improve the compatibility of the blend. The molecular design of ECD-SA has been optimized to minimize steric hindrance, thereby enhancing interfacial reactions more effectively. Two commercial compatibilizers, specifically ADR 4468 and NC-514, were selected for comparison. Theoretical model was employed to calculate dispersion preferences of three different compatibilizers in the blend. A systematic investigation was carried out to analyze the effects of compatibilizers on the structure and properties of PLA/P34HB blends. The findings suggest that ECD-SA functions as an interface-localized compatibilizer in PLA/P34HB blends, enhancing their compatibility and performance significantly. Specifically, the incorporation of 2 phr (parts per hundred resin) ECD-SA into the PLA/P34HB film resulted in a marked increase in tensile strength from 35.6 MPa and 23.5 MPa to 48.6 MPa and 36 MPa in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, and an increase in elongation at break from 31.9 % and 9.2 % to 104.8 % and 48.3 %, respectively. This underscores its significant potential as a compatibilizer for PLA/P34HB, pointing towards extensive application possibilities in present-day packaging industries.

Bonding and Cleaning Effects of Irrigation Protocols Using Calcium Hypochlorite on the Post-space Radicular Dentin.

This study evaluated the effect of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH) or calcium hypochlorite (CH) submitted to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or conventional irrigation (CI) on the incidence of residues and the bond strength of the cementation system to post-space dentin. Distilled water (DW) and 2.5% SH followed by 17% EDTA (SH-ED) were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the post space were evaluated. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were endodontically treated and post-space preparation was performed. The specimens were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the solution and irrigation method: DW-CI, SH-ED-CI-SH, SH-CI, SH-PUI, CH-CI, and CH-PUI. The incidence of residues (n=10) over the dentin was evaluated by scores using SEM images. Other specimens were irrigated as previously described and the post cementation was immediately performed using a conventional dual resin cement and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Push-out and failure modes were performed for bonding evaluation. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for incidence of residues data and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for bond strength data were used at a significance level of 5%. The protocols that showed a lower incidence of residues were: SH-ED-CI-SH, SH-PUI, and CH-PUI for the cervical third and SH-ED-CI-SH for the middle third (p<0.05). In the apical third, the protocols were similar to each other (p>0.05). Bond strength values were higher after irrigation with DW-CI for all thirds (p<0.05). 2.5% sodium or calcium hypochlorite negatively impacted the adhesion interface and exhibited a greater incidence of residues over the post-space radicular dentin.

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded in Adhesive to Carious Dentin. An In Vitro Study Assessing μTBS, Degree of Conversion, EDX, and SEM

This In Vitro study investigated the effects of incorporating copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) into an etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesive on the survival rate of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), and degree of conversion (DC) when applied to carious dentin. Mandibular teeth with carious lesions were selected, and S. mutans was inoculated on carious-affected dentin (CAD). The samples were divided into four groups based on the concentration of CuNPs in the OptiBond FL primer: Group 1 had unmodified ER adhesive, Group 2 had 0.1 wt% CuNPs, Group 3 had 0.5 wt% CuNPs, and Group 4 had 1 wt% CuNPs. The survival rate of S. mutans was assessed, and the samples were restored to evaluate μTBS and failure modes. The DC was measured using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey tests determined significant differences across groups in antibacterial efficacy, μTBS, and DC. The results indicated that the 1 wt% CuNPs group (Group 4) exhibited the lowest bacterial survival, while the unmodified ER adhesive group (Group 1) showed the highest S. mutans survival. The highest bond strength to the CAD was observed in the 0.5 wt% CuNPs group (Group 3), with Group 1 demonstrating the lowest μTBS. These findings suggest that incorporating CuNPs into an ER adhesive system, particularly at a concentration of 0.1 wt%, can effectively provide antimicrobial properties to the adhesive interface while simultaneously enhancing bond strength and achieving a favorable degree of conversion with carious-affected substrates.

Fabrication of high-performance SiC ceramic membranes modified using in situ grown mullite whiskers and high-temperature filtration

The gas permeance and particle removal efficiency of silicon carbide (SiC) membranes are the most important performance indicators for high-temperature gas filtration. The rational design of SiC membrane microstructure has a positive impact on the improvement of performance indicators. This work prepared SiC membranes modified by in situ grown mullite whiskers, optimized their preparation conditions and investigated their performance improvement. The membrane suspension composition and sintering temperature were optimized using Taguchi’s method and gas permeance as the target. The thickness of the membrane was regulated by adjusting the spraying cycles and solid content in membrane suspension. Results showed that best membrane performance was obtained when the content of sintering aids, MoO3, and AlF3·3H2O were 8, 12, and 12 wt%, respectively; the solid concentration in membrane suspension was 30 wt%; the number of spraying cycles was 2, and the temperature was 1350 °C. The resulting membrane obtained a pore size of 5.8 µm and the Darcy's permeability coefficient k was 8.58 × 10−12 m2. It also had good interfacial adhesion and thermal shock and corrosion resistances. The membrane achieved a PM2.5 removal rate of more than 99.9 % at room temperature and high temperatures (100 °C–400 °C) with a low pressure drop below 1.4 kPa. Overall, the SiC ceramic membranes are prospective candidates for dust-laden gas filtration at high temperatures.

A rapid and robust organ repair polyacrylamide/alginate adhesive hydrogel mediated via interfacial adhesion-trigger molecules

Adhesive hydrogels have been widely explored as tissue adhesives for wound sealing and repair. However, developing adhesive hydrogels with simple preparation techniques and strong adhesion to internal organs in a short time remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a strategy for robust and rapid tissue adhesion of internal organ sealing and repair by an interfacial adhesion-molecule triggered hydrogel system. In this system, polyphenol molecules act as adhesion-trigger reagents to achieve fast and strong adhesion of polyacrylamide/alginate hydrogels on the surface of wound tissue by rapidly forming abundant hydrogen bonds at the interface. The adhesion energy is significantly enhanced by 45 times under the mediation of polyphenol adhesion-trigger molecules, resulting in a robust (> 600 J m−2) tissue adhesion in just 30 s. This interfacial adhesion system demonstrates good biocompatibility, strong sealing performance on multiple organs (porcine heart, lung, stomach, and intestine), and excellent repair properties in gastric perforation wounds of rabbits in vivo. Moreover, immunocytochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that this interfacial adhesion system significantly promotes vascular regeneration and inhibits inflammatory responses during wound repairing. The proposed hydrogel provides a facile strategy for rapid and robust tissue adhesion, and shows potential applications in organ sealing and repair.

Achieving high electrothermal and mechanical performance for Graphene/Poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) composite films via interfacial engineering with two-dimensional polyarylamide nanosheets

Although graphene-based polymer electrothermal films have received great attention, the graphene aggregation restricts the improvement in electrothermal performance. This study reports graphene (GN)/two-dimensional polyarylamide nanosheets (2DPA) filled poly (hexamethylene terephthalamide) (PA6T) composite film with outstanding electrothermal and mechanical performance. Owing to the addition of 2DPA, the as-prepared 2DPA-GN/PA6T composite film can attain a high heating-up rate of 25.5 °C/s, 1.8 times higher than that of GN/PA6T composite film (14.1 °C/s). Furthermore, the 2DPA-modified composite film showed a remarkable heating temperature rise to ∼230 °C, 80 °C higher than that of GN/PA6T composite film (∼150 °C). Additionally, the film had excellent mechanical performance with tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 32.5 MPa and 4.6 GPa, which were 24.2 % and 52.3 % higher than that of GN/PA6T composite film, respectively. Such outstanding performance came from strong interfacial adhesion between GN and PA6T, induced by 2DPA nanosheets through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, which were confirmed by FTIR and UV–Vis measurements. Besides improving interfacial adhesion, 2DPA can also reduce the surface defect density of the GN through π-π conjugation. Both improved interfacial adhesion and reduced defects of GN contributed to the formation of electrically conductive and stress transfer pathways, which supported the excellent electrothermal and mechanical properties of 2DPA-GN/PA6T composite films. This study demonstrates an effective way to prepare high-performance graphene composites for electrothermal applications, with expected uses in aerospace, industry, and other technological fields.

Chinese ink-coated elastic PU/PET fibers as multifunctional flexible wearable sensors

Textiles as conductive substrates are widely used in sensing applications due to their good elasticity, high stretchability and recoverable deformation. Here, the mask rope (polyurethane/polyester blended fibers) was selected as flexible substrate to load of conductive Chinese ink using surface swelling technique in N, N-dimethylformamide. The presence of carbon nanoparticles in the ink imparts electrical conductivity to the elastic fiber while maintaining the mechanical properties and extensibility of the fiber. This simple and low-cost method allows excellent interfacial adhesion between the conductivity ink layer and the elastic fibers, and the carbon particles do not fall off even when the modified fiber was treated by sonication in water. The ink coated elastic fiber as strain sensor shows excellent stability and sensitive responsiveness after 500 stretch-release cycles. The response and recovery times during the sensitivity experiment of the flexible fiber sensor are 133.79 and 134.76 ms. The sensor exhibits physiological motion detection and quality monitoring capabilities, which can accurately monitor human movements such as walking, wrist movement, throat swallowing and articulation. The sensor also has a good Joule heating effect, and the temperature of the conductive fiber can increase 88.9°C in the 60 s under 15 V voltage. This work develops a simple and efficient, low-cost, mass-producible flexible sensor with potential for physiological activity, temperature, and humidity detection.

Investigating the synergistic effects of carbon and glass fibers on the mechanical and thermal properties of phenol‐containing phthalonitrile composites

AbstractThe progressive development of lightweight composites exhibiting desirable thermo‐mechanical properties is an area of growing interest, particularly with the phthalonitrile (PN) based composites, which have shown great potential. However, our understanding of the mechanical and thermal properties of the phenol‐containing phthalonitrile (PN75) resin composites often reveals limitations that make them less suitable for specific structural applications. In this work, we focused on enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of the PN75 resin through the incorporation of the 4‐aminophthalonitrile (4‐APN), resulting in improved the curing behaviors and increased thermal stability. Our investigation of the short carbon fiber (SCF) and short glass fiber (SGF) reinforced PN75 resin composites revealed that the hybrid SCF/SGF‐based composites at 15 wt% SCF and 15 wt% SGF content exhibited an excellent tensile and the flexural strength. Additionally, the thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated maximum onset degradation and decomposition temperatures at this ratio compared with the neat resin, also we evaluated the interfacial adhesion properties of the SCF/SGF and the PN75 resin composites. These findings contribute to the advancement of polymer composite materials and expand their potential applications across various industries.

Effect of different calcium sulfate aspect ratios and chitosan addition methods on the interface properties of calcium sulfate/chitosan composite bone cement

AbstractIt is a great challenge to improve the properties of pure calcium sulfate bone cement. Here, two calcium sulfate hemihydrate powders with different aspect ratios were prepared, and three chitosan addition methods were adopted to investigate the effect on the surface and interface properties of calcium sulfate/chitosan composite bone cement. The results showed that it lacked chemical bond between chitosan and calcium sulfate, and the short rod calcium sulfate displayed better interface adhesion with chitosan owing to its smaller size, so it possessed shorter setting time, better compressive strength and slower degradation than the long rod calcium sulfate, while the biocompatibility had no remarkable difference. Moreover, chitosan solution as liquid phase was a better solidification mode than citric acid, and calcium sulfate/chitosan composite as solid phase was the worst mode because of poor interface compatibility. Conclusively, it was a simple, low‐cost, and effective preparation process to choose short rod calcium sulfate powder as solid phase and 1 wt% chitosan solution as liquid phase, which could achieve calcium sulfate/chitosan composite bone cement with the best properties, including setting time, compressive strength, degradation rate, and biocompatibility, displaying a promising application in bone defect repair.

Balancing Interfacial Toughness and Intrinsic Dissipation for High Adhesion and Thermal Conductivity of Polymer-Based Thermal Interface Materials.

In recent years, adhesive thermal interface materials have attracted much attention because of their reliable adhesion properties on most substrates, preventing moisture, vibration impact, or chemical corrosion damage to components and equipment, as well as solving the heat dissipation problem. However, thermal interface materials have a huge contradiction between strong adhesion and high thermal conductivity. Here, we report a polymer-based thermal interface material consisting of polydimethylsiloxane/spherical aluminum fillers, which possesses both adhesion properties (adhesion strength of 3.59 MPa and adhesion toughness of 1673 J m-2 and enhanced thermal conductivity of 3.90 W m-1 K-1). These excellent properties are attributed to the modified chain structure by introducing acrylate accelerators into the polydimethylsiloxane network, thereby striking a balance between interfacial toughness and intrinsic dissipation. The addition of thermally conductive aluminum fillers not only increases the thermal conductivity but also improves the bulk energy dissipation of the thermal interface material. This work provides a novel strategy for designing a novel thermal interface material, leading to new ideas in long-term applications in high-power electronics.

Enhanced Impact Resistance, Oxygen Barrier, and Thermal Dimensional Stability of Biaxially Processed Miscible Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Thin Films.

This study investigates the crystallization, microstructure, and performance of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) thin films processed through blown film extrusion and biaxial orientation (BO) at various blend ratios. Succinic anhydride (SA) was used to enhance interfacial adhesion in PLA-rich blends, while blends near 50/50 formed co-continuous phases without SA. Biaxial stretching and annealing, adjusted according to the crystallization behavior of PLA and PBS, significantly influenced crystallinity, crystallite size, and molecular orientation. Biaxial stretching induced crystallization and ordered chain alignment, particularly at the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc), leading to a 70-80-fold increase in impact resistance compared to blown films. Annealing further enhanced crystallinity, especially at the Tcc of PLA, resulting in larger crystallite sizes. BO films demonstrated reduced thermal shrinkage due to improved PLA crystalline structure, whereas PLA-rich blown films showed higher shrinkage due to PLA's lower thermal resistance. The SA-miscibilized phase reduced oxygen transmission in blown films, while BO films exhibited higher permeability due to anisotropic crystal orientation. However, the annealing of BO films, especially at high temperature (Tcc of PLA), further lowered oxygen permeability by promoting the crystallization of both PLA and PBS phases. Overall, the combination of SA compatibilization, biaxial stretching, and annealing resulted in substantial improvements in mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and oxygen barrier properties, highlighting the potential of these films for packaging applications.

Fabrication of Novel Porous Nano-pesticides by Modifying MPN onto Cu-TCPP MOFs to Enhance Bactericidal Efficacy and Modulate Its Bioavailability.

Nano-pesticides have attracted much attention in the field of agriculture, due to existing problems such as decreased bactericidal effect and poor adhesion. An environmentally friendly metal porphyrin (Cu-TCPP)-based nanocarrier pesticide release of diniconazole (DIN) was designed to enhance bactericidal efficacy and modulate its bioavailability in a multidimensional manner by constructing a metal phenolic network (MPN) encapsulation. The introduction of the MPN prevents the DIN from prematurely escaping from the Cu-TCPP@DIN@MPN in the environment and gives it strong interfacial adhesion to resist rain washing. The resulting Cu-TCPP@DIN@MPN nanoparticles (NPs) showed a lamellar stacked embedded structure, which improved the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum (90.9%) and photostability (67.2%), while they do not affect healthy plant growth and meet the relevant food safety requirements for DIN residues. This work provides new ideas for the development of superior photostable, adhesive, rainwater erosion-resistant, and sustainable nanocarrier pesticides.

Effects of Slurry Composition and Interfacial Adhesion of Monolithic Coatings on FeCrAl Honeycombs

Excellent coating adhesion is a crucial requirement for monolithic catalysts. Within this investigation, a Design of Experiments (DOEs) Taguchi approach was leveraged to construct a 9-factor-3-level matrix encompassing 27 parallel experiments. This framework was employed to scrutinize the pivotal elements influencing the adhesion of FeCrAl metal-based integral coatings, which were prepared using the slurry method. Moreover, an unprecedented endeavor was made to scrutinize the mechanism of coating delamination from the vantage points of macroscopic slurry, microscopic coatings, and nanoscale interfaces. The findings reveal the following: (1) The inclusion of a high-acidity additive (&gt;5%) emerges as one of the pivotal factors in achieving superior adhesion, particularly when the boehmite content exceeds 1%. (2) The existence of binder-filled interstices within the coating, smaller by 1–2 orders of magnitude than the carrier particles, significantly contributes to heightened adhesion. (3) A bonding region of approximately 5 nm is present at the interfaces between carrier particles, resulting in augmented adhesion.

Himalayan Sheep Wool Reinforced Composite- A Novel Sustainable Material for Future

Background: Sheep wool-reinforced composites offer a sustainable alternative with diverse applications. This study explores their properties, focusing on water absorption behavior and contact angle measurements. Objective: To investigate the properties of sheep wool-reinforced composites and evaluate their suitability for moisture-sensitive environments, with potential for patent protection. Methods: Wool fibres, known for their hydrophilic nature, were modified to be hydrophobic and incorporated into epoxy resin matrices. Different weaving patterns were utilized to create fibre mats reinforcing epoxy composites. Results: 2D plane weaving reinforcements exhibited superior in-plane properties compared to other reinforcements. Utilizing environmental sources like sheep wool in epoxy composites offers advantages such as low density, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, potentially patentable innovations. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the developed composites' excellent resistance to water absorption, making them viable for moisture-sensitive applications. Contact angle measurements suggest strong interfacial adhesion between wool fibres and the epoxy matrix, highlighting patent-worthy advancements. These findings underscore the potential of sheep wool-reinforced composites in sustainable and moisture-resistant applications across various industries, including automotive, construction, and consumer goods, emphasizing the importance of patent protection for innovative technologies.