Interests Of Economic Entities Research Articles

Legal regulation of grape variety registration in Ukraine according to international requirements

Purpose. To substantiate the legal regulation of the re­gistration of grape varieties in Ukraine in order to harmonise the national legislation with the European requirements and standards. Methods. The materials used were the regulatory documents of UPOV, CPVO and EU countries, national regulations in the field of examination, registration and commercial use of grape varieties. Results. The current state and problems of viticulture in Ukraine were analysed. In particular, the current legal acts regulating the registration and commercial circulation of grape varieties in our country and in the European Union were studied. The experience of Italy, one of the leading European countries in viticulture and oenology, was studied. In particular, the article examines the peculiarities of the national catalogue and the conditions for the marketing of varieties and clones, as well as the use of vineyards after the grapes have been excluded from the catalogue. At the same time, the author analysed the financial sanctions that this country imposed on economic entities (legal persons) in the case of the creation or maintenance of industrial plantations with nonregional varieties at the expense of the State. The Italian regulatory act regulating the content and procedure for filing an application for registration of varieties and clones was stu­died. The list of requirements and information to be provided by the applicant in the process of preparing the application documents was determined; the expediency of their use in the development of national legislation of Ukraine was established. The author has also examined the draft Law 9139 of 22 March 2023 “On grapes and vine products”, assessing its positive impact on the market environment, the protection of the rights and interests of economic entities, the State and citizens, providing them with high quality pro­ducts with special characteristics caused by natural factors of the area of origin. Conclusions. There is some inconsistency between Ukraine and the EU countries regarding the conditions for acquiring and the scope of rights to grape varieties and their clones, which requires further regulation at the legislative level.

Genesis of accounting systems

Introduction. Globalization of the economy requires the use of generally accepted business management tools in the conditions of an eco­nomy without borders. The trend of recent deca­des is the gradual approximation of existing national accounting systems and models to international standards. Problem. It is important to outline the cur­rent bounds of existing accounting systems, to investigate the objective way of their genesis in order to predict general trends in the interests of economic entities and regulatory institutions. The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of accounting systems in their evolution in order to identify the most important parameters, the classification of which would be the most universal and objective for the harmonization of accounting systems. Methods. General scientific methods of cog­nition are used – theoretical generalization, com­parative analysis and synthesis for processing factual information, induction and deduction. Results. The practical effect of accounting sys­tems classification is to promote the development and harmonization of national accounting sys­tems, help in the professional training of accoun­tants and auditors who will be able to perform their work more efficiently both within a certain country and at the international (global) level. Conclusions. The legal system of countries and their economic parameters are the main factors that are based on the vast majority of the studied classification of accounting systems and models. Economic factors, in turn, are indirectly determined by the level of education in the state and international relations, while correlating with the legal component. Other factors, despite their importance, are mostly not dominant. At the same time, the dominance of the ac­counting system, which is based on the princip­les of full coverage and fair disclosure of infor­mation, is growing on a global scale. The Inter­national Financial Re­porting Standards (IFRS), which affect the accoun­ting infrastructure of most countries, are built on its basic architecture.

Вопросы подведомственности споров третейскому разбирательству. Сравнительный анализ законодательства государств БРИКС

We analyze the issues of legal regulation of jurisdiction of disputes types to arbitration in the BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). Evidently, an importance of the BRICS countries in modern international economy is objectively obvious, since they are major economic and political actors on the world stage. The Russian Federation plays an important role in this association. The institution of commercial arbitration or arbitration dispute proceedings is a historically recognized and effective way to resolve conflicts and protect the rights and interests of economic entities. The experience of the BRICS countries in regulating this institution seems interesting for research. A detailed and objective comparative analysis of the BRICS states legislation regulating arbitration sphere is carried out. The types of arbitrable and non-arbitrable disputes are identified. The main problems in the legal regulation of this area are identified, the main of which is a lack of clear and specific indications of disputes types that are subject to and not subject to arbitration. We suggest ways and means of solving the above problematic issues.

Вопросы подведомственности споров третейскому разбирательству. Сравнительный анализ законодательства государств Арктического региона

We explore the issues of the jurisdiction of disputes to arbitration and the competence of arbitration institutions to consider certain types of disputes. The purpose of work is a complete and objective comparative analysis of legislation of the states of the Arctic region, such as the United States of America, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland. The relevance of the results is that the consideration of disputes in arbitration (referees) as a protection of the rights and interests of economic entities in the scope of the system for identifying states. We conduct a comparative analysis of the peculiarities of the legislation of the states of Arctic region, and also compare and analyze the arbitration practice of various arbitrations. The legal regulation of the issues under study is analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the main problems and shortcomings of legal acts in this area. The results of study can be implemented in law-making work on improving legislation in the field of arbitration of disputes.

Systemic Crisis 2022: Theoretical Aspect

The article examines the process of formation and manifestation of signs of a systemic crisis in the modern economy. The article substantiates why the contradiction between the economic and social interests of economic entities at all levels that arose in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic played the role of a catalyst in the formation and development of the modern systemic crisis of a market economy. It is shown that today the problems of global, national and regional economic security in their organic and systemic relationship with social /economic/ political/ bacteriological security are in the same row. The author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation in 2022. The author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation in 2022. The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening sanctions pressure on the Russian economy in transforming the social factor of national security into a socio-political one and in accelerating the development of a systemic crisis in the modern economy. The article shows what fundamental changes have occurred at the national and interstate levels during the period of application of socio-political sanctions in the model of global economic relations. The author explains on the basis of what objective reasons traditional principles of economic relations are being destroyed and new principles of economic relations between states and economic counterparties are being formed in the conditions of the changed socio-political situation in the world. The article examines the phenomenon of geo-economic fragmentation and its relationship with the change in the centers of development and influence in the global economy. The author predicted the main characteristics of the functioning of the new system of economic relations in the post-crisis model of economic development and Russia’s place in it.

Cooperative relations in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: directions of development and organizational support measures

The aim is to consider agricultural cooperation development in the country, the potential for effective promotion of this process, trends in the spread of marketing services, preparation of financial and accounting reports, public and local administration. Methods – quantitative and effective indicators are obtained on the basis of observation and collection of facts, comparative analysis and synthesis, and a systematic approach. Results – directions and main tasks of expanding cooperative relations in agricultural sector of the republic, the role of cooperation in providing conditions for unification of agricultural producers who have set themselves the goal of improving their economic and social situation; distribution of cooperative entrepreneurship; implementation of the social function through creation of jobs, guaranteed level of income; reducing the dependence of the domestic market on external factors; protecting the interests of economic entities; providing the population with the opportunity to purchase high-quality and relatively cheap goods. Conclusions – the author notes that it is necessary to implement new effective programs on creation of agricultural cooperatives at the state and local levels; using their capabilities in establishing an effective supply chain to the end consumer. Cooperation acts as one of the stabilizers of market economy, maintaining social balance, and serves as the basis for organizational and structural restructuring of agricultural production. In market economy, the activities of cooperating farms largely depend on their relationships with other branches of agriculture, which provide them with material and technical means and services, provide processing of their products, and sell them. As the experience of developed countries shows, the potential of agricultural cooperation contributes to the sustainable and balanced development of agricultural sector and ensuring food security.

Новые подходы к управлению АПК региона

The effective development of the regional agro-industrial complex largely depends on the state management of the agrarian sector. The regulation of agro-industrial production does not have a clear delineation of the administrative functions of the authorities at various levels. Therefore, it is important to develop a unified approach to the management of the agro-industrial complex of the region, since at present there is a divergence of both production and economic interests of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex, as well as a violation of intersectoral balances. The purpose of the work is to develop a new form of management of the regional agro-industrial complex. The article presents the structure of management of the agro-industrial complex at the federal and regional levels. The reasons for the decline in the manageability of the industry are identified. The necessity of developing new approaches to the management of the regional agro-industrial complex has been substantiated. The work provides a detailed analysis of the main approaches to the management of the agro-industrial complex in a historical sequence, starting from the end of the 19th and to the beginning of the 21st centuries, which made it possible to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the studied forms of management. The article substantiates a new form of management of the agro-industrial complex of the region, which has incorporated the main strengths of the previously existing forms of agro-industrial interaction. The proposed approach is based on the interaction of all spheres: production, processing, education, science, where the state should act as a driver of development.

Баланс частных и публичных интересов при правовом регулировании // Актуальные проблемы государства и права

Introduction: the events of the last few years provoke scientists and practitioners to constantly raise the problem of determining the balance of private and public interests necessary for effective legal regulation. On the one hand, we are talking about the spread of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), a difficult foreign poli-cy environment that requires the active participation of the state, rigidity in legal regulation in order to ensure constitutionally enshrined provisions. On the other hand, the state course to development the digital economy, the rapid development of digital technologies, the qualitative transformation of social relations are entail the need for flexible legal regulation, greater consideration of the interests of economic entities. Goals and objec-tives of the study: consists in clarifying the main parameters for determining the balance of private and public interests, taking into account current trends in Russian society. Research methodology: dialectical, systemic, comparative legal, formal legal methods. It made possible to identify the parameters for determining the balance of private and public interests, to conduct a brief analysis of the current state of modern trends characteristic of Russian society and the state, and to determine the possible conditions for its further formation. Conclusions: the author's position is argued that the totality of public law and private law principles of legal regulation of a particular sphere of human life is expressed in amount of means, methods, forms, mechanisms and regimes of legal regulation, which are elected by the state, taking into account a number of factors. That is why the balance of interests is a mobile category, which is based on the principle of protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen.

ПРАВОВІ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНКИ ВПЛИВУ НА ДОВКІЛЛЯ

The article notes that economic priorities remain subordinated to economic activity, and the economic development of the state is supported by unbalanced activities of natural resources. It should be emphasized that after the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, our state undertook to be involved in the harmonization of environmental legislation with European ones. One such step was the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment”, according to which most enterprises must go through an environmental impact assessment procedure when planning their activities that will have an impact on the environment. Emphasis is placed on the fact that environmental impact assessment is an administrative procedure that has clearly defined stages, rights and responsibilities of its subjects and is carried out by the competent authorities. Legal and organizational aspects of environmental impact assessment are identified. The stages of the environmental impact assessment procedure are analyzed. It is substantiated that the decision on the obligation to carry out an environmental impact assessment for the planned activity is made by the subjects of this activity. However, it is emphasized that the current legislation does not define the entity that has the right and obligation to monitor the compliance of decisions with these criteria if the entity believes that its activities do not fall under the criteria of mandatory impact assessment on the environment. It is determined that the environmental impact assessment procedure is aimed at the development of environmentally friendly economic activities, achieving a balance of interests of economic entities, residents of the territory in which these activities are carried out and the state. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the legal and organizational framework for environmental impact assessment is currently clearly spelled out in the legislation, but their practical implementation is not in full, which suggests that the main purpose of the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment” is not is achieved. It is concluded that the environmental impact assessment procedure is multi-stage.

CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS AND THE STATE INTERFACE AS A BASIS TO TACKLE THE LONG-RUN CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The article discusses the problem of interaction between civil society institutions and the state in the implementation of long-term tasks of economic development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The progressive development of the economy of the region, as well as of the country as a whole, is impossible without the joint participation of the state, business, civil society institutions and ordinary citizens. The complexity of the tasks to be solved, the limited resources, the variety of interests of economic entities require their combined efforts to achieve the goals of economic growth. It is on how the mechanisms of interaction of these entities are built that largely determine the effectiveness and efficiency of their activities, and, as a result, an increase in the standard of living of the population, the rise of the regional economy and the country’s economy. The purpose of the study is to identify, using the means of political science analysis, the role of civil society institutions in the implementation of the strategy of economic development of the region on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Achieved results: Generally increasing tendencies of the influence of civil society institutions on the solution of long-term problems of socio-economic development of the region are revealed; the forms of interaction of state and municipal structures of the Republic with the institutions of civil society for the purpose of socio-economic development of the region have been determined; the main forms and methods of influence of civil society institutions on the solution of long-term problems of socio-economic development of the region are analyzed; shows the role of the media in the socio-economic development of the region.

Epistemology of the development of the category «Economic interests»

Importance: Economic relations between agents of the market system regarding the emergence and existence of economic interests, as well as the analysis of theoretical and methodological problems of the essence and content of the category of "economic interests" as the most important motive and stimulus for the activities of subjects in the concepts of foreign and domestic researchers of this problem. Purpose. An attempt has been made to clarify the content of the economic category "economic interests"; to reveal the interdependence and interdependence of eco-nomic interests and needs; determine which of them is primary and which is secondary; explore this concept as a complex hierarchically subordinate system.Methodology. In the process of studying the problems of the emergence and development of economic interests of economic entities, the methods of system-functional analysis, scientific abstraction, general and special, analysis and synthesis, ascent from the concrete to the abstract and vice versa, the unity of historical and logical approaches were used. Results: The analysis of the main provisions reflecting the content of the considered category is carried out, its relationship with consumption is revealed, the specificity of these relations is reflected, the forms of manifestation of interests in reality are indicated. The authors have given the content of the category of "economic interest", which is a hierarchical system that includes the following aspects: first - objectivity, since these relationships arise independently of the will and conscious-ness of people; the second - the realization of economic interest contributes to the satisfaction of the needs of individuals; the third is the objective-subjective nature of manifestation in real conditions, because economic interest is objective in nature, but is realized through the subjective activity of people. Conclusions: the content of the category "economic interest" has been clarified as the need to satisfy, first of all, the material needs of economic entities through socio-economic relations. Economic interest is a multi-level complex hierarchical system, which is characterized by objectivity, focus on meeting the needs of indi-viduals, an objective-subjective form of manifestation in reality.

Environmental risks in the development of the regional socio-economic system and ensuring the environmental safety of Russian regions and the Republic of South Ossetia

In recent decades, the rapidly developing industrial revolution has overshadowed environmental aspects. At the same time, the environmental factor can become a catalyst for negative trends associated with man-made disasters and the health of the region’s population. In this regard, the most important function of public authorities is the development of a set of legislative acts providing for environmental safety, considering the interests of economic entities in the context of effective functioning, ensuring control over compliance with this legislation. In the presented article, the authors analyse the experience of legislative regulation in the field of environmental protection in the Russian Federation. The authors examine in detail the environmental risks in the North Caucasian Federal District and the Republic of South Ossetia, which are closely linked by economic relations and which have many similar problems.

НОВЫЙ ЭТАП РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОЕКТА «ЭКОЛОГИЯ» В АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Implementation of the national project “Ecology” in the Russian Arctic zone in connection with the current strategic documents on carrying out the state policy in the Arctic until 2035 is analyzed. A special attention is paid to the state environmental management on the basis of the best available technologies and ensuring the balance of interests of economic entities operating facilities with a significant negative impact on the environment. Methodological and organizational inconsistencies in implementing the project with the conceptual provisions of the theory of transition to the best available technologies are considered. In connection with Russia's national development goals until 2030 in the field of environmental safety, the “Strategy of development of the Russian Arctic zone and ensuring national security for the period up to 2035” and the “National Action Plan, ensuring recovery of employment and population incomes, economic growth and long-term structural changes in the economy” measures and mechanisms to achieve a notable positive result in the implementation of the national project are justified and specified. The feasibility of the financial and organizational restructuring of the federal project “Introduction of the best available technologies” and the possibility of implementing its activities as part of other projects of the national project “Ecology” during the period until 2024 is argued.

РОЛЬ І ФУНКЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ У ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

The article examines the role and functions of the state in the transformation of socio-economic systems. It is proved that the process of transformation of the socio-economic system occurs under the influence of both the market trend towards equilibrium and state policy: the state acts as a subject of transformational transformations. The regulatory role of the state in the transformation of the socio-economic system is to implement the necessary reforms, institutional changes, and promote the development of the domestic economy against the background of countering the negative consequences of globalization. The state, influencing the directions of transformation of the socio-economic system, forms a system of development priorities in accordance with the goals of business and the interests of society, as well as restrictions imposed by the national and global economic system. In the course of the study, it was noted that the market mechanism can fail, since the market is not always capable of self-regulation. The reasons for such failures include external effects, the mutual influence of individuals ‘ activities on personal well-being, and the need to create public goods. Three groups of regulatory functions of the state in the transformation of socio-economic systems are defined: functions to create conditions for the effective functioning of the market, functions to stimulate the development of an industrial basis, functions to support the post-industrial sector of the economy, while the common basis for all groups of functions is the formation, transformation and improvement of institutional relations necessary for a highly efficient economy. The functions of the state in the process of transformation of the socio-economic system are characterized by the fact that with the help of legislative, executive and judicial power, the state coordinates and structures the interaction of all elements of the system in the interests of economic entities and social groups. It is found out that the features of state regulation of the transformation of the socio-economic system of Ukraine consist in the fact that it is necessary to solve a wide range of tasks of both catching up and advanced development, using a set of regulatory tools that ensure transformation in given target areas. In this regard, direct and indirect selective regulation with the use of program-target methods when using an institutional approach to innovative transformation of the socio-economic system of Ukraine is promising. The article examines the role and functions of the state in the transformation of socio-economic systems. It is proved that the process of transformation of the socio-economic system occurs under the influence of both the market trend towards equilibrium and state policy: the state acts as a subject of transformational transformations. The regulatory role of the state in the transformation of the socio-economic system is to implement the necessary reforms, institutional changes, and promote the development of the domestic economy against the background of countering the negative consequences of globalization. The state, influencing the directions of transformation of the socio-economic system, forms a system of development priorities in accordance with the goals of business and the interests of society, as well as restrictions imposed by the national and global economic system. In the course of the study, it was noted that the market mechanism can fail, since the market is not always capable of self-regulation. The reasons for such failures include external effects, the mutual influence of individuals ‘ activities on personal well-being, and the need to create public goods. Three groups of regulatory functions of the state in the transformation of socio-economic systems are defined: functions to create conditions for the effective functioning of the market, functions to stimulate the development of an industrial basis, functions to support the post-industrial sector of the economy, while the common basis for all groups of functions is the formation, transformation and improvement of institutional relations necessary for a highly efficient economy. The functions of the state in the process of transformation of the socio-economic system are characterized by the fact that with the help of legislative, executive and judicial power, the state coordinates and structures the interaction of all elements of the system in the interests of economic entities and social groups. It is found out that the features of state regulation of the transformation of the socio-economic system of Ukraine consist in the fact that it is necessary to solve a wide range of tasks of both catching up and advanced development, using a set of regulatory tools that ensure transformation in given target areas. In this regard, direct and indirect selective regulation with the use of program-target methods when using an institutional approach to innovative transformation of the socio-economic system of Ukraine is promising.

Urban ecology as a means of ensuring the ecological balance of modern cities

Through the prism of the phenomenon of modern large cities, the article notes the dualism of these formations at the present time. Cities, on the one hand, have a large and diverse potential, and on the other hand, they must ensure the implementation of their population numerous needs. Achieving a balance between these two components will ensure the stable development of the urban and surrounding territories, as well as the interests of economic entities and society. However, cities are part of the world, along with nature, which means they have an impact on it. The larger the city, the more intense it is in the world around it. Therefore, it is also important to ensure a balance between the constantly ongoing various processes of the city and the environment, which urban ecology may contribute to.

Особенности регулирования учета и анализа рисков при оценке объемов запасов полезных ископаемых

The article deals with the problems associated with a reliable assessment of the volume of mineral reserves when placing them on the state balance sheet. Based on the study, the author concluded that the existing procedure of the Ministry of natural resources of Russia for assessing mineral reserves does not fully meet the interests of the state and the interests of economic entities.

ДЕФІНІЦІЇ ПОНЯТЬ «БЕЗПЕКА» ТА «ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА»

The content of such categories as «security» and «economic security of the state» is analyzed in the paper, the existing approaches to their definition are considered. The essence of the economic security of the state as a state of the economy, for which stable and scientifically grounded methods of neutralizing the negative impact of internal and external threats are presented. The purpose of the article is to investigate the definition of «security» and «economic security» and to clarify its content. The object of the study is the concept of «security» and «economic security». Research methods - comparative and expert analysis, methods of historical, logical and systematic analysis. The analysis of the literature on the interpretation of economic security makes it possible to conclude that there is no consensus among economist scholars on the definition of its essence and constituent elements. Further development of market relations is impossible without studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of this problem and creating an effective mechanism for ensuring economic security, so the problem is to understand the essence of economic security and to clearly identify its constituent elements, as well as timely detection of the impact of negative threats-factors in order to create their own system economic security, which will help to avoid the devastating effects of the national economy and to ensure its competitiveness. In general agreement with the opinion of scientists, it should be emphasized that most authors, in defining the economic security of the state, only distinguish the interests of the individual, society and the state as a whole, while the interests of economic entities - enterprises that are the main link of the state's economy, are not given sufficient attention. Summarizing the opinion of economists, it can be noted that national economic security is a state of protection of interests and ties between individuals, enterprises and states against internal and external threats. KEYWORDS: SECURITY, DEFINITIONS, ECONOMIC SECURITY, ANALYSIS, CONCEPT, CONCEPTS, COMPOSITIONS, LEVELS.

ВПЛИВ ПРИНЦИПІВ ПОДАТКОВОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА НА ВЕДЕННЯ БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

Зміни у податково-правовому регулюванні мають забезпечувати як збалансування бюджетів за рахунок податків, так і встановлення справедливих умов для ведення бізнесу, враховувати потреби економічного розвитку. Піднесення економіки вимагає визначення єдиних, зрозумілих, сталих правил оподаткування і недопущення встановлення будь-яких дискримінаційних умов оподаткування. Кожна держава встановлює принципи, що повинні бути втілені в кожній нормі податкового законодавства. Принципи є визначальною категорією для індикатора «оподаткування», що є невід’ємним елементом рейтингу Doing Business. Тож вплив принципів податкового законодавства на ведення бізнесу в Україні є очевидним. Дослідження впливу принципів податкового законодавства на прикладі принципів стабільності та недопущення дискримінації має практичне значення для суб’єктів господарювання у контексті гарантування якості податкового закону, дотримання прав і інтересів платників податків. Доведено, що податкове законодавство повинно бути якісним, доступним та відповідати принципу верховенства права, надавати змогу платникам податків передбачати наслідки своїх дій у практичній діяльності. На прикладі Законів України № 1797-VIII від 21.12.2016 р. і № 1989-VIII від 23.03.2017 р. показано важливість дотримання приписів податкового законодавства у частині стабільності регулювання податкових відносин, забезпечення рівності платників податків, а також балансу інтересів окремих платників податків та суспільства в цілому. Доведено, що ставлення до платників податків повинно бути єдиним, а усі зміни до встановленого Податковим кодексом України правопорядку повинні бути об’єктивними, розумно обґрунтованим і спрямованими на досягнення їх легітимних цілей. Дискримінаційна та нестабільна система оподаткування призводить до порушень прав і законних інтересів суб’єктів господарювання та значних економічних втрат, тож є перепоною для належного ведення бізнесу в Україні. Запропоновано закріпити у Податковому кодексі України право платників податків не застосовувати норми, які суперечать принципам податкового законодавства, а також встановити невичерпний перелік дискримінаційних ознак, поширити дію принципу стабільності на всі без виключення норми Податкового кодексу України.

The conflict of interests of economic entities and to minimize its consequences by reducing the risks of corporate lending

This article is devoted to the construction of a risk-oriented model of credit risk reduction in the course of the life cycle of the loan in the provision of a commercial Bank loan to a corporate client. The work demonstrates, firstly, the need to introduce innovative solutions that reduce the risk of non-repayment of the loan by the borrower, and secondly — the mechanism of using such elements of the model as a new system of limits and risk profiles, the Institute of underwriting, IRB-approach to determine the risk category of the application and the body authorized to make.

European experience of forming strategic directions of socio-economic development of the country

The main task that determines the effective functioning of the country is the formation of a strategy for its socio-economic development based on a long-term innovation strategy. An innovative development strategy of the country is defined as a fundamental, basic element of the overall strategy of socio-economic development. The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual foundations for shaping the country's socio-economic development strategy in modern conditions, adjusting the priority directions of the strategy and the peculiarities in using the means of achieving the goals, taking into account European experience. The article examines the European practice of developing and implementing the strategy of socio-economic development of the country as the most important instrument of the state's influence on social and economic development. Recommendations on the use of advanced strategic planning tools are developed. It is proved that without the scientific and methodological support of the plan of socio-economic development of the country it is impossible to count on the successful solution of important tasks and the democratization of public relations. The concept of strategy formation is designed to take into account the interests of economic entities and territory and to cover not only the traditionally used sectoral aspect of development, but also the territorial, which includes the creation and development of clusters and special economic zones. European experience shows that transition of a country to an innovative socially oriented type of development requires an increase in the efficiency of the state strategic planning process, the achievement of which is possible only with the co-ordinated activity of state authorities, business structures, science and society. It should be emphasized that in the prevailing conditions there is a need to form a single integrated system of social and economic development planning that optimally combines both the use of strategic planning and the program-target method for solving urgent problems.