Interesting Duality Research Articles

4d mathcal{N} = 1 from 6d D-type mathcal{N} = (1, 0)

Compactifications of 6d mathcal{N} = (1, 0) SCFTs give rise to new 4d mathcal{N} = 1 SCFTs and shed light on interesting dualities between such theories. In this paper we continue exploring this line of research by extending the class of compactified 6d theories to the D- type case. The simplest such 6d theory arises from D5 branes probing D-type singularities. Equivalently, this theory can be obtained from an F-theory compactification using −2- curves intersecting according to a D-type quiver. Our approach is two-fold. We start by compactifying the 6d SCFT on a Riemann surface and compute the central charges of the resulting 4d theory by integrating the 6d anomaly polynomial over the Riemann surface. As a second step, in order to find candidate 4d UV Lagrangians, there is an intermediate 5d theory that serves to construct 4d domain walls. These can be used as building blocks to obtain torus compactifications. In contrast to the A-type case, the vanishing of anomalies in the 4d theory turns out to be very restrictive and constraints the choices of gauge nodes and matter content severely. As a consequence, in this paper one has to resort to non- maximal boundary conditions for the 4d domain walls. However, the comparison to the 6d theory compactified on the Riemann surface becomes less tractable.

Differences in Maturation Status and Immune Phenotypes of Circulating Helios <sup>+</sup> and Helios <sup>-</sup> Treg Subpopulations and Their Disrupted Correlations With Regulatory Monocytes in Autoantibody-Positive T1D Compared to Age-Matched Healthy Individuals

CD4 Tregs are involved in the regulation of various autoimmune diseases, but believed to be highly heterogeneous. Studies have indicated that Helios controls a distinct subset of functional Tregs. However, the immunological changes in circulating Helios+ and Helios- Tregs and contributing factors for these two Treg subsets are not fully understood in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we elucidated the differences in maturation status and immune regulatory phenotypes of Helios+ and Helios- Tregs and their correlations with monocyte subsets in T1D individuals. As CD25-/low Foxp3+ Tregs also represent a subset of functional Tregs, we defined Tregs as Foxp3+CD127-/low and examined circulating Helios+ and Helios- Treg subpopulations in 68 islet-specific autoantibody-positive T1D individuals and 68 age-matched autoantibody-negative healthy controls. We found that Foxp3 and CTLA4 expression diminished in Helios- Tregs, while the proportion of CD25-/low Tregs increased in Helios+ Tregs of T1D individuals. Although the frequencies of neither Helios+ nor Helios- Tregs were affected by T1D genetic risk loci, Helios+ Tregs correlated with age at T1D diagnosis negatively and disease duration positively. Moreover, for Helios+ Tregs identified by CD45RA/CCR7 expression, the negative correlation between central and effector memory proportions in healthy controls disrupted in T1D individuals. Finally, regulatory non-classical and intermediate monocytes also decreased in T1D individuals, and positive correlations between regulatory monocytes and Helios+/Helios- Treg subsets in healthy controls disappeared in T1D individuals. These findings shed new light on the immunological changes on Helios+ and Helios- Treg subsets and their correlations with other regulatory immune cells underlying T1D, which may help stratify patients for clinical trials and for monitoring immunotherapy outcomes. Funding Statement: This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670715), Jiangsu Province Youth Medical Talents Project (QNRC2016584), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2012486), Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies (JS-2013-260), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Kidney-Secreted Erythropoietin Lowers Lipidemia via Activating JAK2-STAT5 Signaling in Adipose Tissue

Background: Dyslipidemia is commonly observed in various kidney diseases, renal specific secreted erythropoietin (EPO) may participate in this process. However, how this process is regulated has remained mostly elusive. Method: The dyslipidemia was evaluated in chronic kidney disease and ischemia kidney injury animal model. Primary cultured adipocytes was used to investigate the lipolytic effect of EPO. Lipidemia was evaluated in EPO treated animal. Blood samples from cardiac surgery-induced kidney injury were collected to assess correlationship between EPO and lipidemia. Findings: We found a decrease in secreted EPO, led to hypertriglyceridemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice. In contrast, in ischemic kidney animal model, increased EPO triggered by hypoxia signaling activation, was accompanied by decreased triglyceride (TG) in plasma. Mechanistically, circulating EPO modulates JAK2-STAT5 signaling, which in turn enhances lipolysis in peripheral adipose tissue and contributes to dysregulated lipidemia in serum. Delivering of recombinant EPO into both normal and CKD mice suppressed plasma TG by accelerating lipolysis in adipose tissue. In a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, the decreased TG and cholesterol negatively correlated with increased EPO in the serum. Interpretation: This study identifies that renal secreted EPO controls lipidemia in kidney disease, providing a new mechanism underlying dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease. Circulating EPO stimulates lipolysis by targeting JAK2-STATA5 signaling in peripheral adipose tissue, providing new therapeutic target for dyslipidemia treatment. Funding Statement: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81700640, 81970608). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: All clinical study were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital (Guangzhou, China). The participants in the study provided written informed consent. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of Nanfang Hospital.

Methionine Abrogates the Reno-Protective Effect of a Low-Protein Diet Against Diabetic Kidney Disease in Obese Rats with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Dietary interventions, including a low-protein diet (LPD) and methionine (Met) restriction, has shown longevity and metabolic health. LPD has a reno-protective effect against diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in rats with type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, it is unclear whether the beneficial effect of LPD is mediated by a low-Met intake. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups at 24 weeks of age: 1) non-diabetic Wistar lean (fa/-) rats fed a standard diet including 0.64% Met (STD) (Control); 2) Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats with type 2 diabetes/obesity (WFRs) fed STD (0.64% Met) (Diabetes); 3) WFRs fed LPD (0.15% Met) (LPD); and 4) WFRs fed LP+Met (0.64% Met) (LP+Met). The dietary intervention was performed for 20 weeks. Findings: Accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in renal tubular cells of diabetic rats, associated with reduced glycine Nmethyltransferase (Gnmt) expression, led to mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) activation and impaired autophagy, resulting in the progression of DKD through mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, inflammation, tubular cell damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Additionally, cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) expression was decreased in the diabetic renal cortex. LPD reversed all of these alterations of the diabetic kidney; however, the LP+Met diet abrogated the effects of LPD in diabetic rats. Furthermore, LPD partially improved the diabetic state, while the LP+Met diet exacerbated it and was accompanied by changes in the LPD-induced expression of plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Interpretation: LPD could exert a reno-protective effect through low-Met intake-mediated suppression of mTORC1 and restored autophagy, which is associated with a decrease in the accumulation of SAM due to reduced expression of Gnmt in diabetic kidneys. Funding Statement: This work was financially supported through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research KAKENHI (C) (24591218), a grant for collaborative research with Kowa Hakko Kirin to MK. Declaration of Interests: Boehringer Ingelheim, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co. and Ono Pharmaceutical Co. contributed to establishing the Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology. The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: The Research Center for Animal Life Science of Kanazawa Medical University approved all experiments, and all experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Polymer quantum cosmology: Lifting quantization ambiguities using a SL(2,R) conformal symmetry

In this letter, we stress that the simplest cosmological model consisting in a massless scalar field minimally coupled to homogeneous and isotropic gravity has an in-built $\SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry. Protecting this symmetry naturally provides an efficient way to constrain the quantization of this cosmological system whatever the quantization scheme and allows in particular to fix the quantization ambiguities arising in the canonical quantization program. Applying this method to the loop quantization of the FLRW cosmology leads to a new loop quantum cosmology model which preserves the $\SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry of the classical system. This new polymer regularization consistent with the conformal symmetry can be derived as a non-linear canonical transformation of the classical FLRW phase space, which maps the classical singular dynamics into a regular effective bouncing dynamics. This improved regularization preserves the scaling properties of the volume and Hamiltonian constraint. 3d scale transformations, generated by the dilatation operator, are realized as unitary transformations despite the minimal length scale hardcoded in the theory. Finally, we point out that the resulting cosmological dynamics exhibits an interesting duality between short and long distances, reminiscent of the T-duality in string theory, with the near-singularity regime dual to the semi-classical regime at large volume. The technical details of the construction of this model are presented in a longer companion paper \cite{BenAchour:2019ywl}.

A Novel Dual-Function GLP-1 Analogue Prevents Type 1 Diabetes Onset in NOD Mice by Controlling the Balance of Treg/Th17 and Th2/Th1

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a polygenic disease that is influenced by environmental factors. A cure is not available, and patients depend on lifelong insulin injections. There is no clinical drug that can both promote the proliferation of islet beta cells and eliminate the immune attack of autoreactive T cells on beta cells. This study aimed to design a new bifunctional fusion polypeptide that is expected to have a good effect on type 1 diabetes. Methods: Our previous studies found that VP peptide, an immunomodulatory peptide that can eliminate inflammatory microenvironment, and EGLP-1, a structural analogue of GLP-1 that has the effect of protection of the pancreatic beta cells. So, we combined VP peptide and EGLP-1 to form a novel bifunctional peptide P30, hoping that VP may be an appropriate target as an immuno-modulatory arm, while GLP-1 analog may be suitable as a beta cell protective arm in combination therapy for T1D. The protective effect of each group on islets was determined by H&E and immunofluorescence, and the proportion of Treg/Th17 and Th2/Th1 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Findings: Our data demonstrate that P30 treatment significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality in NOD mice and alleviated pancreatitis symptoms. In addition, P30 has the function of enhancing immunoregulation involving increasing the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells and Th2/Th1 cells. Interpretation: These findings indicate that P30 represents a very promising strategy for prevention type 1 diabetes in mouse models of NOD. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81570696 and No. 31270985); Qing Lan Project; Program for Jiangsu Province Innovative Research Team; the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016ZPY010, 2632017PY06). Declaration of Interest: The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript. Ethical Approval: All studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Pharmaceutical University (Nanjing, China).

A tale of exceptional 3d dualities

We consider interesting Seiberg dualities for Usp gauge theories with an antisymmetric, 8 fundamentals and no superpotential. We reduce to three dimensions and systematically analyze deformations triggered by real and complex masses, reaching a plethora of mathcal{N} = 2 dualities for U(N) and Usp(2N) gauge theories, possibly with monopole superpotentials and Chern-Simons interactions. Special cases of these “exceptional dualities” are: supersymmetry enhancement dualities, “duality appetizers” and many known dualities relating rank-1 gauge groups. The 4d mathcal{N} = 1 Usp dualities provide a unified perspective on many curious phenomena of 3d and 4d gauge theories with four supercharges.Finally, we propose a free mirror for A2N Argyres-Douglas, with its related adjoint-Usp(2N) duality, and we construct a mirror for adjoint-U(N), with an arbitrary number flavors and zero superpotential.

Loschmidt amplitude and work distribution in quenches of the sine-Gordon model

The Sine-Gordon - equivalently, the massive Thirring - Hamiltonian is ubiquitous in low-dimensional physics, with applications that range from cold atom and strongly correlated systems to quantum impurities. We study here its non-equilibrium dynamics using the quantum quench protocol - following the system as it evolves under the Sine-Gordon Hamiltonian from initial Mott type states with large potential barriers. By means of the Bethe Ansatz we calculate exactly the Loschmidt amplitude, the fidelity and work distribution characterizing these quenches for different values of the interaction strength. Some universal features are noted as well as an interesting duality relating quenches in different parameter regimes of the model.

Finite energy but infinite entropy production from moving mirrors

Accelerating mirrors provide a simple conceptual laboratory for studying particle production and the relation between trajectory and particle, energy, and entropy fluxes. We focus on the relation between energy and entropy, studying some special cases with finite total energy but infinite integrated entropy (though the entropy flux may be finite at any particular moment). We present a new asymptotically static moving mirror trajectory with solvable beta Bogolyubov coefficients, total energy and fully relativistic particle count. The integrated entropy diverges despite finite global radiative particle and energy emission. Another class of models includes exponentially accelerated mirrors in proper time; one of its unexpected behaviors is finite energy emission but divergent entropy. We compare mirrors exponentially accelerated in other coordinates as well, showing their close relation and an interesting duality property.

Erratum. Celastrol-Induced Weight Loss Is Driven by Hypophagia and Independent From UCP1. Diabetes 2018;67:2456-2465.

In the article listed above, ERX was erroneously omitted from the duality of interest for Matthias H. …

A Time-Fractional Borel–Pompeiu Formula and a Related Hypercomplex Operator Calculus

In this paper we develop a time-fractional operator calculus in fractional Clifford analysis. Initially we study the $$L_p$$ -integrability of the fundamental solutions of the multi-dimensional time-fractional diffusion operator and the associated time-fractional parabolic Dirac operator. Then we introduce the time-fractional analogues of the Teodorescu and Cauchy–Bitsadze operators in a cylindrical domain, and we investigate their main mapping properties. As a main result, we prove a time-fractional version of the Borel–Pompeiu formula based on a time-fractional Stokes’ formula. This tool in hand allows us to present a Hodge-type decomposition for the forward time-fractional parabolic Dirac operator with left Caputo fractional derivative in the time coordinate. The obtained results exhibit an interesting duality relation between forward and backward parabolic Dirac operators and Caputo and Riemann–Liouville time-fractional derivatives. We round off this paper by giving a direct application of the obtained results for solving time-fractional boundary value problems.

Effect of Multifactorial Intervention on Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

BACKGROUND: A randomized control trial conducted to assess the effects of intensified multifactorial intervention (intensive therapy) compared with the guideline-based standard care (conventional therapy) on diabetic complications and all-cause mortality, the J-DOIT3 showed a nonsignificant reduction in the primary outcome. The study was intended to determine the effect of intensive therapy on the pre-specified renal outcome as a secondary outcome measure. METHODS: A total of 2540 eligible patients were randomly assigned to intensive therapy (n = 1269) and conventional therapy (n = 1271) and treated for a median of 8.5 years. The renal outcome measure was a composite of the onset or progression of nephropathy defined as progression from normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin < 30 mg/g·creatinine) to microalbuminuria (urinary albumin ≥30 mg/g·creatinine, < 300 mg/g·creatinine); progression from normoalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin ≥ 300 mg/g·creatinine), progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria, serum creatinine levels elevated by 2-fold or more compared to baseline, or end-stage renal failure (permanent dialysis initiated or renal transplant performed). The primary analysis was carried out on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria were also analyzed RESULTS: A total of 438 renal events occurred (181 in the intensive therapy group and 257 in the conventional therapy group), and intensive therapy was associated with a significant 32% reduction in renal events compared to conventional therapy (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.82; P < 0.0001) and was associated with a decrease in HbA1c at 1 year from study initiation. CONCLUSIONS: The pre-specified analysis shows that intensified multifactorial intervention significantly reduced the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease compared to the currently recommended care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00300976 FUNDING STATEMENT: This trial was supported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kowa Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novartis Pharma, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Shionogi, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical, and Takeda Pharmaceutical. DECLARATION OF INTERESTS: K. U. reports a funded research department from MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novo Nordisk; lecture fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kissei, Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku, Shionogi, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Takeda; grants and endowments from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda. T. S. reports lecture fees from Kissei, Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Takeda. Y. O. reports lecture fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, and Takeda. S. O. reports lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Mitsubishi Tanabe. H. K. reports lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novo Nordisk, and Ono. M. H. reports lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Kissei, and Mitsubishi Tanabe. A. Morita reports lecture fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim. K. O. reports lecture fees from Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., ASKA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Astellas, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson K. K., Kao Corporation, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Sanofi K. K., and Takeda. K. H. reports consulting fees from Kissei and Takeda; research support from Novartis. A. Morise reports lecture fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim. Y. O. reports lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Takeda; consulting fees from Astellas, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Kowa; being the chairman of the board of directors, and owning stock in Statcom Co., Ltd. M. N. reports lecture fees from AbbVie G. K., Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kissei, Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Ono, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda; grants and endowments from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku, and Takeda. T. K. reports funded research departments from MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Novo Nordisk; lecture fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Kissei, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Sumitomo Dainippon, and Takeda; manuscript fees from Eli Lilly; grants and endowments from Daiichi Sankyo, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Sumitomo Dainippon, and Takeda; funds for contracted research from Daiichi Sankyo, Sanwa Kagaku, and Takeda; funds for collaborative research from Daiichi Sankyo and Novartis. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this work are reported. The authors and the participating investigators of the J-DOIT3 Study Group declared duality of interest also to his/her healthcare institution. ETHICS APPROVAL STATEMENT: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of each participating institution. All patients provided written informed consent.

The Breast-Thyroid Lesions Link: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Ultrasonography in China

Background: In China's health examination centers, asymptomatic individuals usually (can choose to) undergo screening by breast and thyroid ultrasound scans. It is reported that there are links between breast cancer and thyroid disorders, but in screening series the association of breast and thyroid lesions is not clear. Therefore, we retrospectively investigate it based on the ultrasound examinations among healthy women in China. Methods: We conducted this study using data from the Quality Control Center of Health Examination in Chongqing, China, from Jan 2015 to Jun 2017, including 34184 consecutive women with synchronized breast and thyroid ultrasound scans. Ultrasound detected lesions were assigned into categories of different malignant risk according to the breast and thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (B/TI-RADS). We used binomial logistic regression to determine the association between the occurrences of breast mass(es) (BM) and thyroid nodule(s) (TN), and used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the correlation of BM and TN with different RADS categories. Furthermore, we explored the anthropometric and biochemical risk factors for BM and TN, respectively. Findings: Of 34184 asymptomatic women enrolled, 6371 (18·6%) had BM, 12153 (35·6%) had TN and 2279 (6·7%) had both of them; 882 (2·6%) had BM with BI-RADS category ≥4, accounting for about 13·8% of the total BMi; 7395 (21·6%) had TN with TI-RADS category ≥4, accounting for about 60·8% of the total TN. After being adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and height, females with TN had a higher occurrence rate of BM than those with normal thyroid scans (OR 1·151, 95%CI 1·081 to 1·225; p<0·0001), and vice versa (BM vs Non-BM; OR 1·165, 95%CI 1·096 to 1·238; p<0·0001). The breast-thyroid lesions link was stronger in those with a higher malignant risk, especially strongest in the BI-RADS category ≥4A BM with TI-RADS category ≥4C TN (OR for BI-RADS ≥4A 1·904, 95%CI 1·485 to 2·440, p<0·0001; OR for TI-RADS ≥4C 1·915, 95%CI 1·494 to 2·455, p<0·0001). In addition, the increased risk of BM was associated with lower levels of BMI, plasma albumin and a higher level of height; the increased risk of TN was associated with higher levels of BMI, height, systolic blood pressure and a lower level of plasma albumin. Interpretation: Breast and thyroid lesions are more inclined to occur together in the same individuals than by chance, especially in those with higher malignant risk. Funding: None. Declaration of Interest: The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and conducted in accordance with the Principles of the Helsinki. Declaration. Requirement for informed consent was waived because all information was anonymous.

Do black holes create polyamory?

Of course not, but if one believes that information cannot be destroyed in a theory of quantum gravity, then we run into apparent contradictions with quantum theory when we consider evaporating black holes. Namely that the no-cloning theorem or the principle of entanglement monogamy is violated. Here, we show that neither violation need hold, since, in arguing that black holes lead to cloning or non-monogamy, one needs to assume a tensor product structure between two points in space-time that could instead be viewed as causally connected. In the latter case, one is violating the semi-classical causal structure of space, which is a strictly weaker implication than cloning or non-monogamy. This is because both cloning and non-monogamy also lead to a break-down of the semi-classical causal structure. We show that the lack of monogamy that can emerge in evaporating space times is one that is allowed in quantum mechanics, and is very naturally related to a lack of monogamy of correlations of outputs of measurements performed at subsequent instances of time of a single system. This is due to an interesting duality between temporal correlations and entanglement. A particular example of this is the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal, and we argue that it needn’t lead to cloning or violations of entanglement monogamy. For measurements on systems which appear to be leaving a black hole, we introduce the notion of the temporal product, and argue that it is just as natural a choice for measurements as the tensor product. For black holes, the tensor and temporal products have the same measurement statistics, but result in different type of non-monogamy of correlations, with the former being forbidden in quantum theory while the latter is allowed. In the case of the AMPS firewall experiment we find that the entanglement structure is modified, and one must have entanglement between the infalling Hawking partners and early time outgoing Hawking radiation which surprisingly tames the violation of entanglement monogamy.

Methods.

Methods.

Lee-Yang zeros and large-deviation statistics of a molecular zipper.

The complex zeros of partition functions were originally investigated by Lee and Yang to explain the behavior of condensing gases. Since then, Lee-Yang zeros have become a powerful tool to describe phase transitions in interacting systems. Today, Lee-Yang zeros are no longer just a theoretical concept; they have been determined in recent experiments. In one approach, the Lee-Yang zeros are extracted from the high cumulants of thermodynamic observables at finite size. Here we employ this method to investigate a phase transition in a molecular zipper. From the energy fluctuations in small zippers, we can predict the temperature at which a phase transition occurs in the thermodynamic limit. Even when the system does not undergo a sharp transition, the Lee-Yang zeros carry important information about the large-deviation statistics and its symmetry properties. Our work suggests an interesting duality between fluctuations in small systems and their phase behavior in the thermodynamic limit. These predictions may be tested in future experiments.

Analysis of Drug Effects on Primary Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Activated by Serum Amyloid A.

Background RA patients have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein, upregulated in sera of RA patients. Aim To determine the effects of medications on SAA-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Methods HCAEC were preincubated for 2 h with medications from sterile ampules (dexamethasone, methotrexate, certolizumab pegol, and etanercept), dissolved in medium (captopril) or DMSO (etoricoxib, rosiglitazone, meloxicam, fluvastatin, and diclofenac). Human recombinant apo-SAA was used to stimulate HCAEC at a final 1000 nM concentration for 24 hours. IL-6, IL-8, sVCAM-1, and PAI-1 were measured by ELISA. The number of viable cells was determined colorimetrically. Results SAA-stimulated levels of released IL-6, IL-8, and sVCAM-1 from HCAEC were significantly attenuated by methotrexate, fluvastatin, and etoricoxib. Both certolizumab pegol and etanercept significantly decreased PAI-1 by an average of 43%. Rosiglitazone significantly inhibited sVCAM-1 by 58%. Conclusion We observed marked influence of fluvastatin on lowering cytokine production in SAA-activated HCAEC. Methotrexate showed strong beneficial effects for lowering released Il-6, IL-8, and sVCAM-1. Interesting duality was observed for NSAIDs, with meloxicam exhibiting opposite-trend effects from diclofenac and etoricoxib. This represents unique insight into specific responsiveness of inflammatory-driven HCAEC relevant to atherosclerosis.

Thermal Correlators in the Hadron Resonance Gas: A Dual Hagedorn Distance

Fluctuations and correlations of conserved quantities in the confined phase of QCD are a viable way to characterize the existence of exotic and missing states with given quantum numbers in the hadronic spectrum. We study a realization of the Hadron Resonance Gas model in the light quark (uds) flavor sector of QCD to study the fluctuations and static correlators of electric charge, baryon number and strangeness. It is also conjectured an interesting duality between the correlators at zero temperature, and the fluctuations of integrated quantities at low temperatures, leading to the appearance of a dual Hagedorn distance for the former.

Erratum. Response to Comment on Pathak et al. Severe Hypoglycemia Requiring Medical Intervention in a Large Cohort of Adults With Diabetes Receiving Care in U.S. Integrated Health Care Delivery Systems: 2005-2011. Diabetes Care 2016;39:363-370. Diabetes Care 2017;40:e26.

In the article cited above, the duality of interest for author Emily B. Schroeder reads “E.B.S. received industry-sponsored research support …

Automatic Logic-Based Benders Decomposition with MiniZinc

Logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) is a powerful hybrid optimisation technique that can combine the strong dual bounds of mixed integer programming (MIP) with the combinatorial search strengths of constraint programming (CP). A major drawback of LBBD is that it is a far more involved process to implement an LBBD solution to a problem than the "model-and-run" approach provided by both CP and MIP. We propose an automated approach that accepts an arbitrary MiniZinc model and solves it using LBBD with no additional intervention on the part of the modeller. The design of this approach also reveals an interesting duality between LBBD and large neighborhood search (LNS). We compare our implementation of this approach to CP and MIP solvers on 4 different problem classes where LBBD has been applied before.