Resident Interest Research Articles

Pain Medicine Education in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs.

Background Pain is a common complaint in the emergency department (ED), yet there is a lack of robust pain curricula in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. In this study, we investigated pain education in EM residencies and various factors related to educational development. Methodology This was a prospective study collecting online survey results sent to Program Directors, Associate Program Directors, and Assistant Program Directors of EM residencies in the United States. Descriptive analyses with nonparametric tests were performed to investigate relationships between these factors, including educational hours, level of educational collaboration with pain medicine specialists, and multimodal therapy utilization. Results The overall individual response rate was 39.8% (252 out of 634 potential respondents), representing 164 out of 220 identified EM residencies with 110 (50%) Program Directors responding. Traditional classroom lectures were the most common modality for the delivery of pain medicine content. EM textbooks were the most common resource utilized for curriculum development. An average of 5.7 hours per year was devoted to pain education. Up to 46.8% of respondents reported poor or absent educational collaboration with pain medicine specialists. Greater collaboration levels were associated with greater hours devoted to pain education (p = 0.01), perceived resident interest in acute and chronic pain management education (p < 0.001), and resident utilization of regional anesthesia (p = <0.01). Faculty and resident interest in acute and chronic pain management education were similar to each other and high on the Likert scale, with higher scores correlating to greater hours devoted to pain education (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Faculty expertise in pain medicine was rated the most important factor in improving pain education in their programs. Conclusions Pain education is a necessity for residents to adequately treat pain in the ED, but remains challenging and undervalued. Faculty expertise was identified as a factor limiting pain education among EM residents. Collaboration with pain medicine specialists and recruitment of EM faculty with expertise in pain medicine are ways to improve pain education of EM residents.

Neuroscience-based nomenclature as a teaching tool, introduction and pilot study.

Neuroscience-based nomenclature (NbN) is a pharmacologically-driven nomenclature aiming to replace the current disease-based nomenclature of psychotropics, focusing on pharmacology and mode-of-action to encourage scientifically-minded prescribing. NbN might also be used as a teaching tool as it presents the depth and richness of the neuroscience of psychotropics. This study examines the effect of using NbN in student curriculum. Fifty-six medical students during clerkship in psychiatry, divided into a control group ( n = 20), taught standard psychopharmacology, and an intervention group ( n = 36) introduced with NbN. Both groups filled out identical questionnaires at the beginning and end of the clerkship, including questions of knowledge on psychopharmacology, views on current terminology and interest in psychiatric residency. Comparing the average change in scorings (delta post-pre) for each item in intervention vs. control questionnaires, the intervention group showed a significantly larger positive delta in 6 out of 10 items than the control group. Mean scores did not differ significantly between the two groups in the pre-questionnaires, while significantly higher scores were shown for the intervention group in within- and between-group comparisons. Introduction of NbN was associated with a better educational experience, a deeper understanding of psychotropics and increased interest in psychiatric residency.

The Power of Periphery: Political Agency and National Identity in North American Frontiers, 1867–1914

ABSTRACT Contrary to popular perception, local residents in the western frontiers of Canada and the United States in the late 19th century frequently possessed a large degree of agency and leverage vis-à-vis their respective national cores. Far from being the obedient periphery, frontier communities and their political leaders were able to use their profession of loyalty to the national identity to win concessions and secure autonomy from national governments and, when needed, beneficial intervention from them to support the interests of local residents.

MP66-09 ASSESSING FINANCIAL LITERACY AND WELLBEING OF UROLOGY RESIDENTS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP66-09 ASSESSING FINANCIAL LITERACY AND WELLBEING OF UROLOGY RESIDENTS Katherine Sinchek, Kyle Dymanus, Morgan Salkowski, Christopher Coogan, and Alexander Chow Katherine SinchekKatherine Sinchek More articles by this author , Kyle DymanusKyle Dymanus More articles by this author , Morgan SalkowskiMorgan Salkowski More articles by this author , Christopher CooganChristopher Coogan More articles by this author , and Alexander ChowAlexander Chow More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003329.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Physicians accrue significant debt throughout their medical education yet report less experience with and instruction in personal finance management than their age-matched peers. Our study aims to evaluate financial status, literacy, and attitudes in urology residents across the United States. METHODS: A web-based survey was sent to 146 ACGME-accredited urology residency programs in the United States. Respondents were asked to answer 50 questions covering personal debt, financial status, and willingness to participate in formal education on personal finance during residency. The survey included a validated questionnaire authored by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to provide objective data regarding financial literacy. RESULTS: 99 total responses were received from urology residents located in 23 states. Financial and debt status are reported in Table 1. 88 respondents answered the financial literacy portion of the survey, with an average correct score of 53% (+/-22.5%). Residents that reported their knowledge of personal finance and investing as high (7%) or above average (26%) were more likely to have higher scores than those reporting their knowledge as limited (38%) or having no knowledge (11%) (p=0.01). Lower debt level (<$100,000) was associated with a higher literacy score (p=0.01). Residents cited lack of time (75%), lack of resources (51%), and challenging subject matter (47%) as reasons for their limited financial knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Responses indicate a high debt burden yet limited literacy in personal finance based on quantitative measures provided by the FINRA assessment. Although most residents reported confidence in ability to meet monthly costs of living, a survey of savings versus debt depicts residents in a precarious position. Formal education in personal finance was also assessed, highlighting a disparity in resident interest and what programs currently offer. While most residents reported having access to personal finance educational programming at their programs, almost all respondents indicated they did not feel it was adequate for their needs. These results suggest that the addition of a formal course on personal finances would be well-received and lead to improved financial wellbeing in this group. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e935 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Katherine Sinchek More articles by this author Kyle Dymanus More articles by this author Morgan Salkowski More articles by this author Christopher Coogan More articles by this author Alexander Chow More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Pediatric Resident Perspectives on Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Training: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Trainees

PurposeAlthough pediatricians are primary care providers for most adolescents, pediatric residents receive limited training on long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods. This study aimed to characterize pediatric resident comfort with placing contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs) and assess pediatric resident interest in obtaining this training. MethodsPediatric residents in the United States were invited to participate in a survey assessing comfort with LARC methods and interest in LARC training during pediatric residency. Bivariate comparisons used Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum testing. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between primary outcomes and covariates including geographic region, training level, and career plans. ResultsSix hundred twenty seven pediatric residents across the United States completed the survey. Participants were predominantly female (68.4%, n = 429), self-identified their race as White (66.1%, n = 412), and anticipated a career in a subspecialty other than Adolescent Medicine (53.0%, n = 326). Most residents were confident counseling patients on the risks and benefits, side effects, and effective use of contraceptive implants (55.6%, n = 344) and both hormonal and nonhormonal IUDs (53.0%, n = 324). Few residents reported comfort with inserting contraceptive implants (13.6%, n = 84) or IUDs (6.3%, n = 39), with most of these respondents having learned these skills as a medical student. Most participants believed that residents should receive training on insertion of contraceptive implants (72.3%, n = 447) and IUDs (62.5%, n = 374). DiscussionAlthough most pediatric residents believe LARC training should be a component of pediatric residency training, few pediatric residents are comfortable with provision of this care.

Interest Equilibrium and Path Choice in the Development of Construction Land Decrement: A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Multi-Agent Game Model

High-quality development is a new-era requirement for modern urban construction. The implementation of construction land decrement has become an inevitable choice to solve the urban land use dilemma and achieve high-quality social and economic development. It is a game process for stakeholders. Based on the multi-agent game model, this research analyzes the game relationship and strategy selection between governments, government and farmers, government and developers, and developers and farmers and examines the balance of interests among multiple subjects. From the perspective of space dimension, index dimension, use dimension and time dimension, a game path is constructed for construction land decrement. The research shows the following: There is a clear relationship between the supervision cost of the higher-level government and the intensity of rewards and punishments for the lower-level government and the implementation of the decrement. The district (county) government’s compensation plan and farmers’ perceptions of the success of the boycott will affect the strategic choices of both parties. Governments at all levels play a direct role in restraining development behavior and supervising rent-seeking behavior after developers intervene in volume reduction. It also proposes optimizing the ratio of game factors such as costs, benefits, rewards, verification and punishment to achieve the game equilibrium of the expression of the interests of village residents, developers and governments at all levels. Based on the path planning and coupling of response, the multi-scheme dynamic path selection for the development of construction land decrement is realized.

Changes in Subspecialty Interest of Plastic Surgery Residents With Progression of Training: Impact on Academic Attrition.

Plastic surgery residency applicants often express interest in academic subspecialties, but only a small percentage of graduating residents pursue academic careers. Identifying reasons for academic attrition may help training programs address this discrepancy. A survey was sent to plastic surgery residents through the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Council to assess interest in 6 plastic surgery subspecialties during junior and senior years of training. If a resident changed their subspecialty interest, the reasons for change were recorded. The importance of different career incentives over time were analyzed with paired t tests. Two hundred seventy-six plastic surgery residents of 593 potential respondents (46.5% response rate) completed the survey. Of 150 senior residents, 60 residents reported changing interests from their junior to senior years. Craniofacial and microsurgery were identified as the specialties with the highest attrition of interest, while interest in esthetic, gender-affirmation, and hand surgery increased. For residents who left craniofacial and microsurgery, the desire for higher compensation, to work in private practice, and the desire for improved job opportunities significantly increased. The desire for improved work/life balance was a prominent reason for subspecialty change among senior residents who changed to esthetic surgery. Plastic surgery subspecialties associated with academia, such as craniofacial surgery, suffer from resident attrition due to a variety of factors. Increased retention of trainees in craniofacial surgery, microsurgery, and academia could be improved through dedicated mentorship, improved job opportunities, and advocacy for fair reimbursement.

Soundscape study to develop a new noise ordinance

A soundscape study was conducted to assist with the development of a new noise ordinance in the City of Delray Beach, Florida. Delray Beach has an active entertainment district, which is popular with tourists and locals. Integrated into the district and the surrounding area are recent residential and business developments. During the pandemic the entertainment district activity was reduced. Since 2021, the activity was resumed. With the intensified activity noise complaints to the City increased. The existing subjective noise ordinance was not effective. A soundscape study was conducted to determine the existing conditions, and to develop new data-driven, perception-based objective standards. The goals for the new ordinance were to create certainty for stakeholders, to balance the interests of businesses and residents, to manage expectations, and to ensure fairness and consistency in application. Long-term and short-term acoustical measurements were made, several public workshops and hearings were held and two soundwalks were conducted. The results of data collection are discussed. At the time of this writing, the draft of the new ordinance is in process, to be presented to the City Commission for consideration. The outcome of this effort will be presented.

ДЕПУТАТ МІСЦЕВОЇ РАДИ ЯК СУБ'ЄКТ КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the status of the deputy of the local council on the nature of the composition of the criminal offense committed by such an entity. Different approaches of scientists regarding the definition of the concept and essence of such a criminal-legal category as a subject of a criminal offense have been analyzed. The general features of the subject of the criminal offense have been clarified, and its classification has been revealed. The signs of a special subject of a criminal offense were studied. It was observed that the grounds for identifying special subjects in criminal legislation. It was noted that the deputy of the local council, according to his legal status, belongs to a special form of the subject of a criminal offense. The concept of "official" in the context of criminal law is analyzed. Attention is focused on the triple nature of the legal status of a deputy of the local council as a representative of the interests of local residents, a full member of the local council and a representative of the government. The analysis of the peculiarities of the legal status of the deputy of the local council was carried out and the main organizational and legal forms of his activity as a subject of a criminal offense were revealed, which include initiative-normative, personnel, communicative and informational, control. The influence of the legal status of the deputy of the local council on the nature of the elements of the composition of certain criminal offenses is considered using examples from judicial practice. The classification of criminal offenses in which the deputy of the local council as his subject affects other elements of the composition of the offense, namely: related to the direct exercise of relevant powers, related to criminal influence and related to moral authority as a representative of interests local residents. It has been proven that the diverse nature of the activities of the deputy of the local council determines various methods and motives for committing his criminal offenses. It was determined that the deputy of the local council is not a special subject under the criminal law, however, the commission of a criminal offense by such a subject by applying his special legal status has an impact on all elements of the composition of the relevant offense, in particular on the time, place, motive, method and object of committing the corresponding offense.

RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL ADJUSTMENT BEHAVIOR OF RESIDENTS (PART 1): SURVEY ON THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT OF HOUSES BUILT IN DENSE RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND RESIDENTS’ AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ADJUSTMENT BEHAVIOR

A web-based questionnaire survey on residents' awareness of environmental adjustment behaviors among residents of houses in dense areas are conducted. The results show that environmental control behaviors aren’t effectively utilized on the first floor of detached houses due to concerns about security and privacy. In contrast, about 65% of detached houses built in dense areas have living rooms on the second or third floor as a way to secure sunlight and openness. Also, there is less concern about security in multi-family dwellings. This suggests the interest and potential of residents’ environmental adjustment behaviors to make the thermal environment more comfortable.

Sosialisasi Pembuatan Sabun Cuci dari Limbah Minyak Goreng Bekas bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK

Purpose: This service activity aims to provide new insights and knowledge for Jayamukti villagers, especially housewives in processing used cooking oil waste into laundry soap so that it is not disposed of directly and pollutes the environment. Methodology: This service activity includes four stages, namely planning, coordination, socialization of making laundry soap, evaluation of the results of the service. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to calculate the percentage of participant satisfaction Results: The results of the community service activities show that 85.71% of residents are very interested in washing soap from used cooking oil, as much as 91.43% of residents will collect used cooking oil and make laundry soap from used cooking oil, as much as 74.29% of residents are interested in innovating so they can selling washing soap from used cooking oil and as many as 85.71% of residents stated that they were satisfied with the socialization and mentoring activities for making laundry soap from used cooking oil that had been carried out. This shows that the service activities that have been carried out are very beneficial for residents, especially PKK women because they can create productive activities that can increase income. Conclusion: The socialization activities that have been carried out are very beneficial for residents, especially PKK women because they can create productive activities that can increase income. This is shown by the high interest of residents in being able to collect used cooking oil and process it into laundry soap and are very interested in innovating so they can sell washing soap from used cooking oil.

Is #Gender Affirmation Surgery Trending? An Analysis of Plastic Surgery Residency Social Media Content.

Given rising demand for gender affirmation surgery (GAS), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others' (LGBTQ+) patient care, and sexual and gender minority (SGM) representation in plastic surgery, we sought to analyze integrated residency programs' posts for LGBTQ+ content. Programs were identified from the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons website. Accounts were searched for on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Posts uploaded through June 24, 2021 were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U- and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare content between programs. Of 82 programs, 76 (92.7%), 31 (37.8%), and 30 (36.6%) have Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter accounts, respectively. Two hundred eighty-one (1.3%) posts displayed LGBTQ+ content, including educational (29.9%), research (17.4%), news (11.0%), resident interests (10.7%), pride/diversity (9.6%), posts to attract applicants/patients (7.5%), operative/clinic cases (6.8%), faculty spotlights (6.4%), and patient testimonials (1.1%). One hundred eighty-one (64.4%) posts described GAS overall, 42 (23.2%) described top, 32 (17.7%) described genital, and 32 (17.7%) described facial surgery. Instagram and Facebook have more LGBTQ+ content than Twitter (p≤0.037). Newly accredited programs have significantly more LGBTQ+ content on Facebook (p=0.036). Programs in the West, having more perceived prestige, or GAS fellowships tended to have more LGBTQ+ content. Despite growing demand for GAS and thus training, 1% of content on plastic surgery residency social media accounts is LGBTQ+ related. Reasons for lack of representation require further investigation but may include (1) limited GAS and LGBTQ+ patient exposure during training or (2) lack of SGM inclusivity for residents, faculty, and patients.

Health Justice Standards in Graduate Medical Education: Moving from Performative to Concrete Change.

Inadequate support for underrepresented-in-medicine physicians, lack of physician knowledge about structural drivers of health, and biased patient care and research widen US health disparities. Despite stating the importance of health equity and diversity, national physician education organizations have not yet prioritized these goals. To develop a comprehensive set of Health Justice Standards within our residency program to address structural drivers of inequity. The J. Willis Hurst Internal Medicine Residency Program of Emory University is an academic internal medicine residency program located in Atlanta, Georgia. This initiative was led by the resident-founded Churchwell Diversity and Inclusion Collective, modified by Emory IM leadership, and presented to Emory IM residents. We used an iterative process to develop and implement these Standards and shared our progress with our coresidents to evaluate impact. In the year since their development, we have made demonstrable progress in each domain. Presentation of our work significantly correlated with increased resident interest in advocacy (p<0.001). A visionary, actionable health justice framework can be used to generate changes in residency programs' policies and should be developed on a national level.

Гражданские финансы

The article highlights the experience of civic participation in state and municipal management and financial aspects of civic self-organization in different countries of the world. The main forms of cofinancing projects by the population or collecting interest-free loans through civil mutual assistance are determined. Russian practices of financial participation of citizens in the implementation of projects of common interest are identified: co-financing of initiative budgeting projects, practices of self-taxation of citizens, co-financing of projects in the implementation of certain state programs and national projects, as well as co-financing of projects on crowdfunding platforms. Based on the analysis and review of scientific literature, the conclusion was made about the need to define and describe a new phenomenon in the field of public finance — "civil finance", which refers to financial resources and relations between citizens themselves and between citizens and state institutions in the process of implementing management decisions that affect the interests of urban and rural residents.

Pelatihan Aplikasi Perkantoran Bagi Masyarakat Kelurahan Sidorejo

Village is a community unit that has territorial boundaries that has the authority to take care of all the interests of residents or the local community. The village is led by the Village Head who is assisted by village officials and supervised by the Village Consultative Body in accordance with Permendagri number 110/2016 regarding the duties and functions of the BPD. The lack of knowledge of residents about Information Technology such as the operation of Microsoft word and excel in terms of writing correspondence is an obstacle in their activities, especially for high school/vocational school level students or office workers. The aim of this Microsoft word and microwoft excel training is to improve the quality of Human Resources ( HR) for the people of Sidorejo Village, Labuhanbatu Regency. The methods in this training are the discussion method and the practical method. The results of this training show that there is an increase in the skills of the residents of Sidorejo Village, Labuhanbatu Regency in operating and using Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, this can help smooth their daily work and increase residents' knowledge about science and technology

Village Government Communication Model In Empowering Oil Palm Farmers Study In Seruway District, Aceh Tamiang District

Development communication as a branch of communication science has long been used by the world community as a reference in looking at relations and communication between the community and the government. In its classic form, development communication is limited to seeing the relationship between government and society as the object of development. Government communication activities, is an activity that describes the interaction between the community and the government in order to meet their demands and needs.The interaction between the two parties will lead to various communications in their respective ways, which can be formal, or informal and take the form of interpersonal communication, group communication, public communication and mass communication. The concept of development includes the role of communication, especially in designing messages specifically addressed to disadvantaged citizens. For this reason, the role of government development communication is very necessary in raising awareness, generating interest, and willingness to participate in the development process. In empowering oil palm farmers in Seuruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, the government needs to pay attention to the communication model used in conveying messages so that the expected effect is in line with expectations. This study tries to understand the communication model of village government development in empowering oil palm farmers. There are two communication models that are very dominant in village government, namely adaptive communication and accommodative communication. Adaptive communication can be seen from the village government's strategy of merging into the identity of residents as communication participants. While accommodative communication is in the form of collective actions of village officials in modifying the way of communicating according to the interests of village residents. Methodologically, this study uses a qualitative approach which will be conducted in the Seuruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency.

Communication Development Model of Village Government in Empowering Oil Palm Farmers (Study in Seuruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency)

Development communication as a branch of communication science has long been used by the world community as a reference in looking at relations and communication between the community and the government. In its classic form, development communication is limited to seeing the relationship between government and society as the object of development. Government communication activities, is an activity that describes the interaction between the community and the government in order to meet their demands and needs.The interaction between the two parties will lead to various communications in their respective ways, which can be formal, or informal and take the form of interpersonal communication, group communication, public communication and mass communication. The concept of development includes the role of communication, especially in designing messages specifically addressed to disadvantaged citizens. For this reason, the role of government development communication is very necessary in raising awareness, generating interest, and willingness to participate in the development process. In empowering oil palm farmers in Seuruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, the government needs to pay attention to the communication model used in conveying messages so that the expected effect is in line with expectations. This study tries to understand the communication model of village government development in empowering oil palm farmers. There are two communication models that are very dominant in village government, namely adaptive communication and accommodative communication. Adaptive communication can be seen from the village government's strategy of merging into the identity of residents as communication participants. While accommodative communication is in the form of collective actions of village officials in modifying the way of communicating according to the interests of village residents. Methodologically, this study uses a qualitative approach which will be conducted in the Seuruway District, Aceh Tamiang Regency.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ИНИЦИАТИВНОГО БЮДЖЕТИРОВАНИЯ: ГОТОВНОСТЬ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И ДОВЕРИЕ К ВЛАСТИ

The article analyzes the possibility of using the mechanism of participatory budgeting through an assessment of the public's readiness to participate in these practices. The research focuses on the population’s trust assessment regarding the activities of government bodies as a predictor of the evolving of their readiness to co-finance projects of participatory budgeting. The leading research method is a questionnaire survey of the population. The results illustrate a rather low interest of the public in participation in the practices of the participatory budgeting. The respondents recognize the relevance of resorting to the mechanism of co-financing only if it affects their individual interests. The results indicate a low level of confidence in the authorities when it comes to the budget spending, meanwhile the insufficient resource of credibility limits the residents' willingness to invest money in the development of the territory. The research finds that the lack of public confidence that the local government acts in the interests of residents and supports local initiatives will reduce public willingness to participate in the implementation of co-financing projects. In addition, the low level of citizens' awareness of the practices of participatory budgeting aggravates the situation and reduces the level of satisfaction with the effectiveness of the implementation of control and budgetary functions.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF DECENTRALIZATION OF PUBLIC POWER IN UKRAINE

Introduction. The article deals with the aspects of decentralization of public power in Ukraine from the standpoint of theory and practice. Goal of the article is to prove from the standpoint of theory and practice the place and role of decentralization of public power in our country, the advantages and barriers of this process, as well as a set of interrelated measures to improve the effectiveness of the decentralization process. Research methods: to substantiate the importance of implementing the process of decentralization of power in our country, systemic and analytical approaches, statistical methods, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis were used. Results: the author analyzes the content and essential characteristics of public power in Ukraine and provides its features. It is stated that the main subject of public authority is the State. The author emphasizes the important role of local self-government bodies and the public as subjects of public authority. The necessity of development of local self-government and decentralization of power in our country is substantiated. The author reveals the meaning of the concepts of "decentralization process" and "forms of decentralization" with the aim of a fuller and deeper disclosure of the content of the definition of "decentralization". The author emphasizes the important role of trust in public authorities and demonstrates the existing level of trust in government institutions in modern conditions. The author presents a systemic set of problems that emerged during the decentralization reform in Ukraine in 2015-2020. These include: ineffective communication between the authorities and citizens, which resulted in an information vacuum; the need to address the issue of ensuring the capacity of the formed communities; inconsistency of powers between executive authorities and local self-government bodies, as well as functions and powers between local councils and district state administrations and district councils; low quality of personnel of local authorities; and low quality of local government bodies. It is stated that they point to the low capacity of territorial communities, which exists today and is reflected in the inability of individual territorial communities to provide quality and accessible public services (in the areas of health care, environment, housing and communal services, education, etc.); to protect the rights and interests of residents; to support their own development with resources (infrastructure, personnel, financial, etc.). Additional reasons for the low capacity of territorial communities have been identified. These reasons are: insufficient activity of residents of territorial communities and public organizations; imperfection of the property institution; certain information closure of the activities of state and local governments; inadequate digitalization of public authorities; lack of complete and reliable data on the potential of communities; full-scale military aggression of Russia against Ukraine; ignoring the challenges associated with sustainable and inclusive development, etc. The conditions that should be created to strengthen the capacity of territorial communities are outlined.

Sport w Kaliszu w latach 1918–1939. Zarys problematyki

Regaining of independence by Poland enabled the development of sports movement in Kalisz. Until 1926 sport developed mainly under the influence of tradition and interests of Kalisz residents. After the May coup, by managing grants and sports facilities, a decisive influence on development of sport was gained by state authorities. The factors which inhibited the development of sports movement in Kalisz were the lack of training staff and insufficient number of sports facilities. Sports which enjoyed the greatest popularity in Kalisz during the interwar period were football, cycling and rowing. The highest level of training among footballers was demonstrated by teams of Sports Association “Prosna” and Kalisz Sports Club which took part in local games. Rowers from Kalisz Rowing Association belonged to the best in Poland (in 1934 1st place in the table of Polish Association of Rowing Clubs). Jerzy Koszutski, a rower from Kalisz, had the great honour of representing the national colours during the 9th Olympic Games in Amsterdam in 1928. A lot of emotions were aroused by boxing matches, athletics and table tennis. Fencing, horse riding and shooting sports were promoted by military and police environment as well as paramilitary organizations for utilitarian reasons.