Citizen Involvement Research Articles

Формирование языковой личности сотрудника органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The modern image of a policeman in Russia seems to citizens to be fair and hardy, responsible and disciplined, polite and tactful, ready to help in any situation, i.e. a professional with a capital letter, capable of conducting a constructive dialogue and proficient in the norms and rules of the modern Russian literary language. One of the main indicators of the professionalism of police officers is the level of development of professional speech culture. What disciplines are studied at the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia that contribute to the formation of a "linguistic personality" of an employee in continuing education, as well as necessary for improving professional and speech activities in conditions of obtaining additional qualifications, retraining and training in an adjunct course. The article discusses the issues of training managerial and scientific and pedagogical personnel in the leading educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the basis of which are such disciplines as practical rhetoric, Russian language and speech culture, psychology and pedagogy of higher education, cultural studies. Research methods: content analysis, analysis of work programs studied at the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia disciplines, generalization of the results. Support of the Russian language and preservation of the culture of speech is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation in 2024. In the Russian law enforcement system, the police occupies one of the key places, performing certain tasks and functions to protect the rights and interests of citizens from criminal encroachments and maintaining law and order in constant interaction with the population. The activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies in the Russian Federation is aimed at obtaining a constructive dialogue with public authorities, organizations and institutions, public associations, with various categories of citizens, as well as with colleagues and subordinates, thus the possession of the word as a means of communication is one of the main criteria for the professional activity of a police officer.

CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Lagos State is one of the fastest growing megacity in southwestern Nigeria now experiencing severe flood disasters problems as a result of the city’s location, geographical features and rapid growth in urbanisation. This research aims to establish and analyse the major challenges to efficient flood disaster management in Lagos; these issues include; infrastructural deficits, lack of funds, political interferences, inadequate human resources, poor inter-agency cooperation, and poor stakeholder involvement. An explorative quantitative research approach was used and questionnaires used to gather data from respondents within the community, government authorities, and specialists in the field. The study shows that poor infrastructure is the most widespread problem with additional factors of growing in an unplanned urban area, drainage systems being blocked, and little investment in structures that are disaster resistant. Other challenges that have been witnessed in flood management include inadequate funds, poor coordination, and political interferences. Suggested measures include major capital expenditure on flood proof structures, enhanced agency cooperation, citizen involvement, and green city design. However, for these challenges to be tackled, new sources of financing and political support must be sustained. This research shows that there is a need for a comprehensive and coordinated approach to flood disaster management in Lagos State to increase its capacity for coping with flood disasters, and to decrease the level of susceptibility to such disasters in the state and losses of lives and properties. The study provides useful information that can be adopted by policy makers, planners and disaster managers in urban areas.

TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JAPANESE, ITALIAN, AND ALGERIAN HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT MODELS

Household waste management varies significantly across countries, as illustrated by the examples of Kamikatsu in Japan, Capannori in Italy, and Algeria. Kamikatsu has implemented a highly detailed waste sorting system that actively involves the local community, significantly reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills. In Italy, Capannori has adopted a zerowaste approach through policies such as door-to-door collection and reuse centers, achieving a high recycling rate. These initiatives highlight the importance of decentralization and citizen participation for effective waste management. In Algeria, however, waste management remains largely standardized, hindering the development of effective local solutions. Compared to the Japanese and Italian models, it appears that greater citizen involvement and more autonomous local governance could serve as key levers to improve waste management in Algeria. These examples underline the need for enhanced citizen engagement.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES

This article explores the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms within Ukraine’s cultural and creative industries (CCI) sector, especially in the context of European integration. It examines how European PPP models can be adapted to Ukrainian conditions, focusing on regulatory framework gaps and their impact on the effectiveness of PPPs in cultural projects. The study centers on applying the PPP model within Ukraine’s cultural sphere, aiming to propose methods for leveraging private investment and expertise in cultural preservation and development aligned with European Union standards. The research methodology includes comparative and system analyses of Ukraine’s PPP regulatory framework alongside successful European examples. It considers the unique aspects of PPPs in the cultural sector, where outcomes deliver economic but also social and cultural value. Findings indicate that European countries approach cultural PPPs through integrated, context-sensitive strategies, varying institutional support, and citizen involvement tailored to each nation’s social and economic landscape. Key insights highlight the importance of state policies supporting PPPs in Ukraine’s CCI sector, emphasizing frameworks involving civil society (such as the P4 model) and innovative financial tools like crowdfunding. The study suggests that adopting such mechanisms could help Ukraine attract private investment, foster sustainable community engagement, and strengthen cultural heritage preservation. The article’s recommendations for updating Ukraine’s PPP regulations offer practical implications for policymakers, cultural organizations, and private investors, establishing PPPs as essential for Ukraine’s post-war cultural and economic recovery. These findings contribute to cultural management by presenting a structured approach to PPPs in CCIs, integrating local and international experiences for sustainable, long-term cultural growth.

Transforming Citizen Engagement In E- Governance Framework: A Conceptual Analysis

This article explores the transformative journey of citizen participation in public affairs, focusing on the evolution from traditional public administration to contemporary e-governance frameworks. It highlights the shift towards New Public Governance (NPG), where citizens are seen as active partners rather than passive recipients of services. The study reviews various public administration models, including classic public administration, New Public Management (NPM), and modern e-governance and open government models, identifying four waves of government evolution. It emphasizes the role of digitalization in enhancing citizen engagement, drawing on international practices from countries like Japan, Norway, the UK, and others. The article categorizes citizen engagement into four stages, from passive consumers to smart citizens in the digital era, and discusses the demand and supply aspects of participation. It underscores the importance of digital infrastructure, ICT education, and international best practices in fostering effective citizen engagement. The study concludes with recommendations for future research on policy labs, e-participation, and local participation indexes, aiming to enhance citizen involvement in governance and public service delivery.

Миграционная политика Российской Федерации как угроза миграционному потоку из Китая

The migration policy of the Russian Federation has evolved over the past decades, since the formation of the state in response to changing political, economic and sociocultural conditions. However, this evolution has still not brought the Russian legislation and management system in the field of migration to a single and integral structure without gaps and contradictions, obeying a single logic, goal, strategy. Despite the fact that Russia's demographic indicators do not meet the needs of the economy for labor and cannot ensure the implementation of plans for the development of the economy and infrastructure of the most remote and least developed regions, namely, the regions of the Far East and Siberia, Russian government authorities neglect tools for attracting foreign labor and the formation of an active stimulating foreign migration policy. In addition, in the context of this study, one of the most important problems is the Russian legislation in the field of migration, the lack of a unified structure of legislative acts regulating and structuring the attraction of foreign labor to promote economic growth and development of the state. The relevance of the study is explained by Russia's inability to meet the labor needs of the economies of the Far East and Siberia, which necessitates the use of mechanisms to attract foreign labor from China, as this is facilitated by the territorial factor, the interest of Chinese citizens in the prospect of employment in Russia and the mutual benefit for both sides from migration processes.

STATE AND PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE FIELD OF CIVILIAN FIREARMS CIRCULATION CONTROL

The aim of the work is investigates and reveals the peculiarities of state and public control in the sphere of control over the circulation of civilian firearms. The methodological basis of legal research is research approaches, general theoretical principles of scientific knowledge, a system of methods and methods. Results is noted that public control is manifested through the activity of public organizations, initiatives and participation of the population in the processes of monitoring and evaluating the actions of the state. State control, in turn, is ensured through the system of legislation, institutions and bodies responsible for licensing, inspections and monitoring of compliance with regulations, including the circulation of firearms. The types of state control were analyzed and characterized, and such types of state control over the circulation of civilian firearms as intra-departmental, inter-departmental and extra-departmental control were distinguished. Based on the analysis of the works of scientists, the concept of state control over the circulation of civilian firearms is defined as the activity of the state-authorized higher and central executive bodies, their territorial bodies within the limits of the powers provided for by law, in order to detect and prevent violations of the requirements of the law by the owners of weapons, business entities, who have a license to carry out business activities in the trade of firearms, in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. Conclusions. Having considered the characteristic features and types of state control, we can define the concept of state control over the circulation of civilian firearms as the activity of the state-authorized higher and central bodies of executive power, their territorial bodies within the limits of the powers provided by law, in order to detect and prevent violations of the requirements of the law by the owners of weapons, sub by enterprises that have a license to carry out business activities in the trade of firearms, in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.

Взаимодействие государства и общества в СССР: стимулирование инициативы и творческой активности советского народа

The author refers to the Soviet period of our country’s history and characterizes the interaction of the state and society of that time. The instruments of interaction are named as citizens’ appeals, elections, orders to deputies, reports of deputies, appeals with letters to the media, citizens’ meetings. Particular attention is paid to appeals. It is noted that the right to appeal was not enshrined in the Soviet Constitutions until 1977, but working with them was given great importance, since they were considered a form of feedback with the population, gave an assessment of the work of government bodies, were a source of information about problems, helped in finding new solutions and ideas. Such a channel was adequate to the technical and technological conditions of that time. Over 70 years, society demonstrated both active and passive forms of adaptation to the state. It is concluded that in the USSR, legal conditions were created for the active involvement of citizens in the work on the implementation of state functions. The dual nature of the relationship between society and the state is characteristic of the USSR period: the monopolization of power by the nomenclature and the mass involvement of society in governing the state.

Local Authorities as Agents for Mobilising Citizen Participation in Development within Bamenda Municipalities: An Analysis from the Participatory Democratic Theory

This study examines the impact of local authorities on citizen participation in social and economic development in the Bamenda municipalities of Cameroon. The problem addressed is the limited mobilization of citizen involvement despite an established legal framework. The study aims to assess local authorities' roles as mobilizers and identify factors hindering effective participation. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 400 residents and 80 council officials through standardized questionnaires. Analysis was conducted using Chi-Square tests to evaluate the significance of local authority mobilization on citizen engagement. Findings indicate a strong positive perception of local authorities' influence on social development, with 172 agreements and a Chi-Square value of 22.45. In contrast, economic development participation received 118 agreements and a Chi-Square value of 18.67, reflecting skepticism regarding local authority effectiveness. Despite some skepticism, a majority acknowledge the positive role of local authorities in fostering citizen involvement. The study recommends enhancing communication and engagement strategies to improve citizen participation in economic initiatives and addressing resource shortages in healthcare and education. By strengthening citizen engagement, local authorities can significantly contribute to sustainable development in Bamenda.

Starting from Scratch: The Articulated Development of a Smart City in Limerick, Ireland

This paper analyses the situated practice of developing a smart city in Limerick, Ireland. It maps out, at a city scale, how the development of the smart city was planned, organised, and governed, as well as ongoing challenges. It addresses two of the principal gaps in the smart city literature, namely, the scarcity of in-depth case studies based on extensive fieldwork and the shortage of studies on smart city development on brownfield sites. Source material was gathered through desk research and interviews with key stakeholders. Limerick adopted an articulated strategic approach to smart city development. The local government’s dedicated smart city unit played a vital role in planning, managing, and implementing smart city operations. The local government did not centralise the smart city development process. Over time, there has been a gradual shift towards the development of Quadruple Helix collaborations and a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches. The paper also identifies the challenges that might restrain Limerick’s smart city ambitions. These include financial, budgetary, technological, and human resources challenges. It also identifies the challenge of digital exclusion and the need for greater citizen involvement in smart city development.

Influence of Citizens’ Participation on Human Security in Nyamyumba Sector of Rubavu District in Rwanda

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of citizens' participation on human security in Nyamyumba sector of Rubavu District in Rwanda. Despite efforts to improve human security in Nyamyumba sector, challenges persist, particularly in areas of citizen involvement and women's participation. The specific impact of citizens' participation on human security in this context remained insufficiently understood. Democratization theory was used to guide the study. The study employed mixed methods, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches with descriptive and correlation research designs. A target population of 30,851 people was used; with a sample size of 407 respondents selected using Yamane's (1967) formula. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The findings revealed that 83.7% of respondents agreed that there is a requirement to empower women in various activities in Nyamyumba sector. This implies that setting out the requirements to empower women helps the local leaders to be objective while empowering women. The study also found that the variables like framework, accountability and participation in neighbourhood security influence 53.9% of human security. It was also found that local citizens in Nyamyumba sector participate in Irondo as a social service to maintain security in the area, organized at the household level. The study concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship between citizens' participation and human security. However, the level of public participation and citizen's engagement in human security decision making processes tends to be low in Nyamyumba sector. The study recommends that there should be strategies to enhance the wealth of youths, which could lead to sustainable future families and improved human security.

The genesis of the establishment and development of the legal profession in the Ukrainian territories during the Lithuanian and Austrian Rule

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of the legal profession in the Ukrainian territories during the period of Lithuanian and Austrian rule. It is established that when Ukrainian lands became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the legal norms in force on its territory not only streamlined the judicial process, but also gave the prosecutor’s activity a labor character, transforming it into a profession. With the development of municipal self-government, in particular Magdeburg law, prosecutorial activity began to acquire a formalized framework, and with the introduction of the Lithuanian statutes, the legal status of prosecutors was enshrined in the highest legal acts. Despite certain shortcomings, the institution of judicial intercession was firmly rooted in the judicial process and became an integral element of the democratization of the judicial system in the Ukrainian territories in the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. During the period when the Ukrainian territories were under the rule of the Austrian monarchs, the legal profession was regulated in accordance with Austrian law, providing a clear regulatory framework for the functioning of the Bar. Austrian legal acts defined the conditions for admission to the bar, the duties of attorneys and their liability, contributing to the formation of high standards for the personality of an attorney. The rigorous selection of applicants not only ensured that attorneys provided quality services, but also contributed to strengthening the authority of the bar in society, increasing confidence in it as an institution that performs a special social function, defending the rights and interests of citizens. As a result, the Bar of that time gradually gained public recognition, becoming an important factor in the legal life of the country and a significant social force. It is established that during the nineteenth century, the role of an attorney-at-law went beyond the traditional advocacy in court: attorneys-at-law provided legal advice, facilitated the settlement of legal transactions, and explained to citizens their rights and opportunities in the context of current legislation. In this way, lawyers contributed to the dissemination of legal knowledge and the formation of legal awareness in society. During the Austrian rule, the practice of law became the foundation for the observance of the rights and freedoms of Ukrainians, subjects of the Empire, and strengthened the level of public trust in legal institutions in the Ukrainian territories.

Право на город в столичном ландшафте (Случай парка «Зарядье»)

The concept of the Right to the City, introduced into scientific use by Henri Lefebvre in the late 1960s, is actively used in the study of conflicts between residents and city authorities, as well as between different groups of citizens. However, such studies tend to overlook a special type of city — capitals, where the social demands of local residents oppose the political expectations of the country's population. In this case the debate around the interpretation of space comes to the fore, and here the conflict is transferred from the field of social and political activism to the field of symbols. This problem is especially acute in countries with ambiguous identities, where the capital is aimed to represent geographically and culturally diverse territories. Moscow is one of such capitals. This article, using the example of Moscow Zaryadye Park, examines the conflict of capital city space interpretation and possible ways of resolving it. Drawing on such sources as the projects, created by the participants of the contest to create the architectural concept of the park, analytical materials of “Zaryadye” digest, issued by Moscow Architecture and Urban Planning Committee, as well as Yandex.Wordstat web service statistics, the author shows, that the symbols of the capital and the local can coexist in one landscape. The article demonstrates that Zaryadye Park contains images of the capital that represent national identity. These images are embodied in specific design solutions that provide a balance between the interests of citizens, who perceive this space mainly physically, and the perception of the country’s population, for whom visual images play an important role. According to the author’s conclusion, it is precisely thanks to such objects as Zaryadye Park that it is possible to resolve the conflict around the interpretation of capital city space, which for the population of the country turns out to be political (the space of images), and for citizens — social (the space of functions).

Legal trends of modern education development in Ukraine

It is indicated that the education of any country is a reflection of its most important civilizational and cultural features and characteristics, provides a combination of national traditions with relevant innovations - both developed within it and borrowed from outside. The main task of the national education system is the comprehensive development of a person as an individual and the greatest value of society. Administrative and legal regulation in the field of education in Ukraine is a key aspect of general legal regulation in this area. In modern conditions, administrative and legal regulation in the field of education faces a variety of challenges, including rapid technological changes, socio-cultural and economic transformations, which require constant improvement of legal mechanisms and consideration of positive and negative aspects and trends in the development of the educational sector. Constant updating and adaptation of legal norms and mechanisms of administrative regulation are key to ensuring an effective modern education system that meets the needs of society and contributes to the sustainable development of the country. The main goal of this regulation is to ensure the formation and implementation of an effective state educational policy for the progressive development of the individual, society, nation and state, as well as the protection of the national interests of Ukraine. On the basis of the above, it is claimed that administrative and legal regulation represents a purposeful influence on social relations in the sphere of activity of state authorities. This influence is carried out with the help of methods and measures of a power­administrative nature, defined in the norms of administrative law. It is noted that each country has its own model of education management and financing, with its own advantages and disadvantages. Ukraine’s model is currently in the process of reforming, seeking a balance between centralized and decentralized approaches. The experience of European countries can become a valuable source of knowledge and examples for the development of an effective education management strategy that will meet the needs and characteristics of our country. It is substantiated that the education system has an open nature, which means the possibility of freely choosing the direction of study in accordance with the individual abilities and interests of citizens.

Political patronage: A catalyst for corruption and misgovernance in South Africa

Political patronage has become a notable concern in the South African public sector, often compared to a new epidemic because of its adverse effects on governance and public administration. This phenomenon involves by political leaders offering rewards and appointment people for key government positions and allocating resources to them based on their political loyalty rather than their abilities and qualifications. This intensifies corruption by fostering a culture in which competence is subordinate, resulting in inadequately qualified individuals assuming key positions and receiving benefits, thereby amplifying opportunities for unethical conduct. In turn, this practice undermines the effectiveness and integrity of public sector institutions. The purpose of this article is to offer a broader analysis and implications of political patronage and how it fuels corruption and governance in the South African public sector. This article employs a secondary research method through the review of existing literature to examine the nature of political patronage, its nexus with corruption and misgovernance in the public sector, drawing reference to contemporary, renowned corruption cases. This paper submits that overcoming these challenges necessitates a holistic approach that involves the professionalization of the public sector, robust measures to combat corruption, and improved transparency. The objective is to establish and promote a public service that emphasizes competence, responsibility, and the fulfilment of governance functions in order to serve the wider interests of citizens.

THE PARADIGMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY AND ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE

The modern era of public administration is increasingly shaped by digital technologies, which transform administrative processes and foster the development of e-governance and e-democracy. These phenomena aim to enhance government transparency, reduce bureaucratic barriers, and promote active citizen engagement in decision-making. While e-governance is primarily an instrument for facilitating public access to government services, e-democracy functions as a tool for citizen involvement in democratic processes, highlighting the necessity of distinguishing between these concepts. Scholarly debates about their interrelationship present diverse viewpoints, grouped here into four key approaches: the convergence, sequential, instrumental, and critical approaches. The convergence approach argues for the seamless integration of e-governance and e-democracy, suggesting they naturally complement each other in advancing citizen-government interaction. The sequential approach, in contrast, posits that e-governance establishes a foundation that enables the subsequent emergence of e-democracy. The instrumental approach views e-governance as a pragmatic tool, while e-democracy represents a normative goal, placing distinct emphasis on their practical applications. Lastly, the critical approach scrutinizes both concepts, questioning whether technological solutions truly democratize governance or simply reinforce existing power structures. Using a historical method, this article conducts a retrospective analysis of the relationship between e-governance and e-democracy, considering shifts in public administration paradigms. This study provides insights into how evolving digital practices influence the theoretical and practical boundaries of contemporary governance. The modern transition to post-new public management is accompanied by the strengthening of the role of citizens as active interested participants in the processes of production, management and control of public services. At the same time, it is always important to take into account the warning of a critical approach regarding the potential danger to e-democracy.

Феномен сучасного публічного управління: деякі теоретичні підходи до проблеми розвитку в умовах інформаційного суспільства (правовий аспект)

Abstract. The article, prepared at the intersection of legal theory, administrative law and public administration science, offers the author's view on the development of public administration in the modern conditions of the information society. The author emphasizes the contradictory nature of public administration as a modern phenomenon and the growing importance of the information component in the modern management process. Identification of the contradictions existing in the modern practice of public administration made it possible to apply the dialectical method of cognition of socio-political and legal phenomena and processes. As a universal method of scientific cognition, it forms the methodological basis of the article, the main purpose of which is to substantiate the need to separate the information function into an independent function of public administration. The author emphasizes the categories of public interest and publicity as the priority features of modern public administration. The public interest is motivated as a feature which certifies compliance with socially significant goals in the activities of public administration. And the author proposes to consider publicity as a feature of public administration which plays the role of a preventive measure against potential violation of the public interest. It is argued that it is the publicity of public administration bodies that introduces transparency mechanisms into their activities, and also facilitates the involvement of active citizens in public policy making and assessment of such practices. It is emphasized that achieving openness and public transparency in public administration is generally possible only through increasing the importance of the information component in its functioning. The author is convinced that under these conditions the information function of public administration should be prioritized, which should become its independent function. The legal framework on which the information function of public administration is based is considered. Keywords: public administration; information society; information function of public administration; regulatory and legal support.

Objects of Civil Rights: the Problem of Technological Neutrality of the Legislator

Introduction. The severity of the problem of technological neutrality of legislation is due to the difficulties of predicting the negative consequences of the use of technologies at the stage of development and the complexity of implementing social control at the stage of their widespread dissemination, the need to create such legal regimes under which the objects of civil rights – goods, works and services – will be competitive. Theoretical Basis. Methods. Scientific works on ensuring technological neutrality in the functioning of information systems, when using the radio frequency spectrum, and the provision of audiovisual services are analyzed. Monitoring the state of law enforcement acts allowed us to note the rare use of the category by jurisdictional authorities. Methods of formal logic, dogmatic and comparative methods, modeling – made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the prospects for using the concept. Results. Regulatory legal and regulatory technical regulation are the most important tools to stimulate the use of modern technologies. The introduction of rules on electronic digital signatures into the procedural law regulating the state registration of real estate, and into the procedural laws – rules on the use of video conferencing and electronic services for filing documents – stimulated the use of relevant technologies not only by public authorities, but also by citizens. By establishing requirements for objects of civil rights that are in circulation, including the sphere of the contract system designed to meet the needs of public legal entities, the state strives to ensure an acceptable level of technological neutrality of solutions. Discussion and Conclusion. The content of many modern legal norms and institutions indicates that the legislator should systematically move away from the idea of technological neutrality in order to protect the interests of citizens. Evidence of this is the rules on compensation for damage caused by sources of increased danger, insurance of civil liability of vehicle owners, and the institution of patent law. Technological neutrality is a category, the use of which in regulatory legal and technical acts of broad significance cannot be welcomed, and at the same time it is a concept, the use of which during the development of technical standards is justified.

Role of the Water Framework Directive in enhancing water use efficiency in the EU

The increasing economic activity, population growth and urbanisation are placing increasing stress on Europe’s freshwater resources. The European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD) aimed to establish measures to foster efficient use of this valuable natural resource while simultaneously protecting the environment. This study allows for an assessment of the Directive's application of public policies to a natural resource, assuming that the efficiency of water use is measured by water productivity. For the purposes of this investigation, purely economic variables and specific variables pertaining to the implementation of the WFD will be considered. The final econometric model indicates that variables with a positive impact, including research and development (R&D) expenditure and the governance index, necessitate the updating of facilities, the implementation of public control of the resource, and the encouragement of citizen interest in influencing EU policies. Conversely, variables with a negative impact, including population density and water consumption, indicate that as the utilization of a given resource intensifies, the efficacy of that utilization diminishes. The analysis by country indicates that the northern and more industrialised economies have more efficient water use levels. The evolution over time demonstrates that the WFD is being implemented more extensively in regions where it is most needed, resulting in increased productivity values in areas where they are currently lower.

Analysis of the effectiveness of the regulatory act "Regulations on the Railway Transport Safety Management System"

The article is devoted to a study that is quite rare in the scientific and technical literature. It is about analysing the impact of the regulatory document "Regulations on the Railway Transport Safety Management System" on the population groups and enterprises of Ukraine and its effectiveness after its approval. These two analyses are carried out before and after the approval of regulatory documents by state authorities (ministries, the Cabinet of Ministers, etc.). The relevance of this Regulation is explained by the need to implement European-type regulations in the activities of Ukrainian railways. The implementation is in line with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. The peculiarity of the Regulation in comparison with the existing one is explained by the fact that it becomes mandatory not only for JSC "Ukrainian Railways", but also for enterprises that use railway rolling stock and railway infrastructure in their activities. It was found that the railway transport sector includes 1517 enterprises. Based on the analysis of the impact of the Regulation on the Railway Traffic Management System on the interests of citizens, the state and business entities, a conclusion was made on the most rational option for achieving the goal of improving the level of railway traffic safety. The Regulation was approved by the Ministry of Infrastructure in 2021.