Interest In Psychology Research Articles

Motor response vigour and visual fixation patterns reflect subjective valuation during intertemporal choice.

Value-based decision-making is of central interest in cognitive neuroscience and psychology, as well as in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders characterised by decision-making impairments. Studies examining (neuro-)computational mechanisms underlying choice behaviour typically focus on participants' decisions. However, there is increasing evidence that option valuation might also be reflected in motor response vigour and eye movements, implicit measures of subjective utility. To examine motor response vigour and visual fixation correlates of option valuation in intertemporal choice, we set up a task where the participants selected an option by pressing a grip force transducer, simultaneously tracking fixation shifts between options. As outlined in our preregistration (https://osf.io/k6jct), we used hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation to model the choices assuming hyperbolic discounting, compared variants of the softmax and drift diffusion model, and assessed the relationship between response vigour and the estimated model parameters. The behavioural data were best explained by a drift diffusion model specifying a non-linear scaling of the drift rate by the subjective value differences. Replicating previous findings, we found a magnitude effect for temporal discounting, such that higher rewards were discounted less. This magnitude effect was further reflected in motor response vigour, such that stronger forces were exerted in the high vs. the low magnitude condition. Bayesian hierarchical linear regression further revealed higher grip forces, faster response times and a lower number of fixation shifts for trials with higher subjective value differences. An exploratory analysis revealed that subjective value sums across options showed an even more pronounced association with trial-wise grip force amplitudes. Our data suggest that subjective utility or implicit valuation is reflected in motor response vigour and visual fixation patterns during intertemporal choice. Taking into account response vigour might thus provide deeper insight into decision-making, reward valuation and maladaptive changes in these processes, e.g. in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders.

To Have the Best Interest at Heart: Analyzing the Match Between Laypersons' Interests and Publication Activity in Psychology.

There is a growing public interest in science and, by extension, in psychology, and human behavior. Yet, detailed investigations on whether academic psychological research activity matches lay interests are still scarce. In addition, while lay-friendly communication of research findings becomes continually more important, it is unclear which subfields of psychological research are particularly interesting to laypeople. To address these research gaps, we carried out an explorative study of psychological literature included in two large reference databases, one with a German (PSYNDEX) and one with an international (PsycInfo) scope. The years of 2018–2020 were scanned for articles belonging to one of 20 topic areas assessed as most interesting by lay participants in a previous study. We determined and compared the share of empirical research and research syntheses for each topic area and database and computed rank correlations between lay interest and academic publication volume. Results suggest a positive relationship between lay interest and academic publication activity specifically for research syntheses. Additionally, topic areas associated with clinical psychology offered a large share of research syntheses, while other topic areas such as “Psychodynamics” or “Industrial & Organizational Psychology” encompassed a smaller share of syntheses. Finally, we outline perspectives for long-term monitoring of psychology-related lay interests. Thus, the present study connects academic activity with the public interest in psychology by identifying and quantifying research syntheses for topics garnering the most lay interest.

Exploring School Students’ Knowledge and Expectations of Careers in Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing: A Thematic Analysis

AimsAttracting more doctors and nurses to mental health careers is vital to support the growing demand for mental health services. Despite low numbers of doctors choosing psychiatry, and a shortage of mental health nurses, psychology degrees remain a popular choice. This study explores the understanding and knowledge students studying psychology A Level have about mental health careers, and the careers guidance they have received. We ask ‘are students who are interested in studying psychology at university an untapped resource for recruitment to psychiatry and mental health nursing?’.MethodsFocus groups were held with A-Level psychology students considering applying to university to study psychology. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and anonymised and were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were identified. Firstly, student interest in psychology as a degree subject (with mental illness, neurobiology and human behaviour cited as key interests). Secondly, student motivation for a future career in which they would have a therapeutic role working with people with mental illnesses. Thirdly, student knowledge, or lack of it, around what a career in psychology or other mental health careers would entail, and the pathways to these.ConclusionThere remains uncertainty in young people regarding what the different types of mental health practitioner roles are, and the career pathways to these. More detailed, accurate information made available to students interested in working with people with a mental illness may lead to more students considering a career in mental health nursing or medicine (and then psychiatry) as an alternative to a psychology. It is important that those aspiring to become clinical psychologists understand the qualifications required and competitive nature of this profession. Inaccurate information runs the risk of students acquiring significant university debt, only to find they are not qualified for the type of role they envisaged. A lack of accurate, high quality and timely careers information may also be depriving psychiatry and mental health nursing of enthusiastic, able and motivated students. This study adds support to the need for better careers guidance and awareness around mental health careers for school and sixth form students.

Estudo e ensino de psicologia no México

This article seeks to understand the uses that the Methodist community in Mexico gave to the knowledge of psychology. Throughout the investigation, it is shown how this new field of knowledge was already present in the contexts of education for pastors, already in education for women. Psychological language became a fundamental resource for the establishment of new forms of bonding with people. It was even believed that psychology could be used to make conversions more effective. The treatment we offer to achieve our objective consists of the development of three sections: in the first, “Psychology in the Methodist imaginary”, we seek to establish the adjudication that the Methodist community made of a psi cultural encyclopedia. In the second, “Interests in psychology” we present, as an introduction, the way in which psychology was used mainly for two issues: to support the idea of the superiority of the soul over the body and psychology as a resource for educational effectiveness. In the last section, “Psychological institution and architectural spaces”, the position that the teaching staff of the Methodist community granted to psychology and the spaces in which this field was introduced is disclosed.

Deep Personality Trait Recognition: A Survey.

Automatic personality trait recognition has attracted increasing interest in psychology, neuropsychology, and computer science, etc. Motivated by the great success of deep learning methods in various tasks, a variety of deep neural networks have increasingly been employed to learn high-level feature representations for automatic personality trait recognition. This paper systematically presents a comprehensive survey on existing personality trait recognition methods from a computational perspective. Initially, we provide available personality trait data sets in the literature. Then, we review the principles and recent advances of typical deep learning techniques, including deep belief networks (DBNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Next, we describe the details of state-of-the-art personality trait recognition methods with specific focus on hand-crafted and deep learning-based feature extraction. These methods are analyzed and summarized in both single modality and multiple modalities, such as audio, visual, text, and physiological signals. Finally, we analyze the challenges and opportunities in this field and point out its future directions.

Recovering the Story of Pragmatism in India: Bhimrao Ambedkar, John Dewey, and the Origins of Navayana Pragmatism

Recovering the Story of Pragmatism in India: Bhimrao Ambedkar, John Dewey, and the Origins of Navayana Pragmatism

Building the skill of happiness: WeChat’s role in the promotion of mental health in China

Abstract China is in the midst of a “psy-boom” as the use of psychological services and interest in psychology and psychologically informed personal development tools are seeing a meteoric rise. One of the key drivers of this trend has been the innovative use of social media tools like WeChat by psychological service providers to both attract consumers and deliver products. This paper argues that online psychological service provision via WeChat constitutes a very literal “technology of the self” in the way that the content published explicitly tells consumers that a better, healthier and happier self is within reach. For a fee these companies help provide people with psychological toolkits that they use to shape their understanding of the ways they can heal themselves and others.

Addressing the Skills Shortage in Cybersecurity

Security by design is an up and coming paradigm which seeks to decrease the opportunity for corruption and disruption, and to increase the inherent stability, dependability and resilience of systems. Cyber experts need to be involved in the design phase as Finagle's Law, interpreted for cybersecurity, is 'if it can be hacked, it will – at the worst possible time'. Testing is designed to counter Murphy's Law and reduce resistentialism. Defensive programming, original cybersecurity, carries an overhead, for which there is often no demonstrable return. The priority of the design stage cybersecurity expert is to plan for contingencies and think like a hacker. It is about risk management; understanding this dictates security by design requirements in the knowledge that interconnected systems' security is only as strong as its weakest link. Definition and audit of Service Level Agreements (SLA) are an essential part of cybersecurity, as is the audit of any third party suppliers of componentry of the system under design. Governance and policy definitions, exciting for some, are integral to cybersecurity. Beyond this, the cybersecurity expert must consider system failure. Recent ransomware attacks have demonstrated the necessity for business continuity plans as recovery has still taken time. The Blue Team Field Manual has an impressive list of necessary documentation and actions required in this event, but glosses over the effort required. While the above is rolling maintenance, threat hunting differs. Every vulnerability or threat must be evaluated for consequential impact. Either a passionate interest in psychology or an extremely jaundiced view of the world is a necessary attribute for cybersecurity. Reality is so different from the aspirations of potential pen testers, incident responders, and AI security engineers facing 3 – 5 post-graduation years to proficiency, it is no wonder disillusion results in a shortage of 3.5 million cybersecurity experts.

Resilience in sports: a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized perspective

ABSTRACT Athletes are exposed to various psychological and physiological stressors, such as losing matches and high training loads. Understanding and improving the resilience of athletes is therefore crucial to prevent performance decrements and psychological or physical problems. In this review, resilience is conceptualized as a dynamic process of bouncing back to normal functioning following stressors. This process has been of wide interest in psychology, but also in the physiology and sports science literature (e.g. load and recovery). To improve our understanding of the process of resilience, we argue for a collaborative synthesis of knowledge from the domains of psychology, physiology, sports science, and data science. Accordingly, we propose a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized research agenda on resilience. We explain how new technologies and data science applications are important future trends (1) to detect warning signals for resilience losses in (combinations of) psychological and physiological changes, and (2) to provide athletes and their coaches with personalized feedback about athletes’ resilience.

Effects of Using Artificial Intelligence on Interpersonal Perceptions of Job Applicants.

Text-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly integrated into a host of interpersonal domains. Although decision-making and person perception in hiring and employment opportunities have been an area of psychological interest for many years, only recently have scholars begun to investigate the role that AI plays in this context. To better understand the impact of AI in employment-related contexts, we conducted two experiments investigating how the use of AI by applicants influences their job opportunities. In our preregistered Study 1, we examined how a prospective job applicants' use of AI, as well as their language status (native English speaker or non-native English speaker), influenced participants' impressions of their warmth, competence, social attractiveness, and hiring desirability. In Study 2, we examined how receiving assistance impacted interpersonal perceptions, and how perceptions might change whether the help was provided by AI or by another human. The results from both experiments suggest that the use of AI technologies can negatively influence perceptions of jobseekers. This negative impact may be grounded in the perception of receiving any type of help, whether it be from a machine or a person. These studies provide additional evidence for the Computers as Social Actors framework and advance our understanding of AI-Mediated Communication. The results also raise questions about transparency and deception related to AI use in interpersonal contexts.

Self-Concept as a Mediator of the Relation Between University Students' Resilience and Academic Achievement.

Academic achievement is a factor of interest in both psychology and education. Determining which factors have a negative or positive influence on academic performance has produced different investigations. The present study focuses on analyzing the relationship between resilience, emotional intelligence, self-concept and the academic achievement of university students. For this purpose, different self-report tools were administered to a sample of 1,020 university students from Southern Spain. The Structural Equation-based mediational analysis suggests that there is no direct relationship between resilience and academic achievement, nor between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. Likewise, self-concept is positioned as a mediating factor in the relationship between resilience and academic achievement. The findings indicate that university students who exhibit high levels of resilience tend to cope better with difficult moments and understand and value the effort required and invested in study time. This study supports positive beliefs and behaviors for better academic achievement.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ИНТЕРЕСА К ПСИХОЛОГИИ У МОЛОДЕЖИ

The empirical study aims at studying the preferences of young people in various fields of psychology, determining their degree of interest in certain types and forms of psychological knowledge, as well as identifying the main external and internal determinants of interest in psychology among young people. The majority of respondents consider psychology as the science of the psyche, mental processes and thinking. The most interesting area of psychology for them is personality psychology and the less preferred is advertising psychology. Psychology attracts as it is not static but actively developing, often discussed in the media, the number of people with mental disabilities of young age has increased, and psychology is also in demand on a practical level. Psychology allows respondents to understand first of all the people around them and themselves. At the same time, the results of the study show that most of the respondents have an average level of reflexivity, which indicates their moderate conversion of consciousness to themselves and a moderate level of reflection on their mental state. Most of the subjects have a general average level of self-regulation of behavior. At the same time, most of the subjects have a personality orientation towards themselves, with the predominance of motives for their own well-being, striving for personal primacy, prestige, which does not correspond to the nature of practical psychology, where the priority remains for relationships between people. The main values for them are independence and security, the last thing they would like is to follow traditions, including psychological.

The relationship between narcissistic admiration, narcissistic rivalry and selfitis behaviors: The mediating roles of fear of missing out and general belongingness

Selfie behavior is defined as taking a photo of oneself via a mobile phone and sharing it on social media. The personality traits or psychological processes related to selfie behavior have become a recent interest in psychology. In this study; the mediating role of fear of missing out and general belongingness in the relationship between narcissistic admiration/narcissistic rivalry and selfitis behaviors was examined. 440 Instagram users aged between 18 and 65 (74% Female) participated in the study online. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Scale, Selfitis Behavior Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale, and General Belongingness Scale. Results indicated that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry are positively correlated with selfitis behaviors. The indirect effect of narcissistic admiration on selfitis behaviors was significant through fear of missing out and general belongingness. On the other hand, while fear of missing out mediated the relationship between narcissistic rivalry and obsessive selfitis behaviors; the mediating role of general belongingness was not significant. Findings indicated that different dimensions of narcissism may affect selfitis behaviors depending on an individual’s different psychological processes. It can be argued that selfie behaviors may be a way of establishing interpersonal relationships on social media. The current study focused on a single social media application and selfie behaviors only. For this reason, it is suggested to examine social media behaviors in the context of different social media applications.

Проблемы освоения умения говорить на английском языке учеников 8–9 классов и пути их решения

An important role in teaching a foreign language is played by taking into account not only objective difficulties, but also subjective reasons caused by the peculiarities of the age, psychology and personal interests of the student. Despite the numerous publications on problems in learning a foreign language in secondary school, there are practically no studies that include an analysis of problems of both an objective and subjective nature in teaching English to speak - it is speaking that is noted by teachers and students in grades 8th–9th as the most difficult section in the study of a foreign language. The purpose of the study is to identify the main difficulties in teaching speaking that teachers and students face, and to find ways to solve the identified prob-lems. The main research methods are observation and questioning of teachers and students. The results of the study are described: overcoming the most pronounced difficulties in teaching speaking (fear (50 %), lack of knowledge (29,7 %), lack of practice (20,3 %)) involves the development of a new format of classes that will allow you to cope with identified barriers. The scope of the results of the work varies from teaching English in the framework of school education to teaching it in higher educational institutions, as well as in advanced training courses. It is proved that speak-ing is one of the most difficult sections of learning a foreign language, both in the opinion of teachers and in the opinion of students in grades 8th–9th. Based on the survey data, it was suggested that the use of English-language films and tasks developed for them in English lessons, taking into account the recommendations of researchers in the field of adolescent psychology, will improve the quality of mastering the ability to speak English.

Spiritual governance: You in me and me in you — The core of a spiritual democrat

• World-wide increase of psychological interest in the spiritual science -Humanity. • Spirituality is a discovery of the true self that is the seat of happiness. • This world is a spiritual reflection of ‘I’.

Dark Triad, Counterproductive Work Behaviour and Job Performance

Dark personality traits are also known as the dark triad which is a multidimensional construct, made up of Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. They have recently become a major topic of interest in organizational psychology. The present research aims to demonstrate that the dark triad of personality is a significant negative predictor of job performance and studies the relationship between the dark triad and job performance, having as a mediator counterproductive work behavior. The sample of this study is represented by 137 participants from different organizations with different ages and different work experience ranging from one to 40 years, of which 34 men (24.82%) and 103 women (75.18%). The design adopted is cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational, nonexperimental. In this paper each construct of the triad was taken separately and measured in relation to the other two variables mentioned above, and the results varied depending on this aspect. Thus, only one of the two major hypotheses was supported.

METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF A.S. MAKARENKO’S PEDAGOGY AND HUMANISTIC GUIDELINES OF MODERN EDUCATION

The article deals with the methodological sources and humanistic guidelines of modern education. The philosophical bases of A.S. Makarenko’s pedagogy and pedagogical ideas of G.V. Mohnenko are presented. New approaches to eliminating bad habits such as smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction are shown in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize humanistic guidelines and dimensions, their meaning and prospects in modern education. In his colonies A.S. Makarenko organized a humanistic and democratic micro-society. One of his main pedagogical ideas was the education of the individual in the team and through the team. The young teacher tokk interest in philosophical works, literature, psychology, history and other sciences, in particular, the works by Bergson, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and others. The idea of pedagogical expediency was successfully implemented in the practice of A.S. Makarenko, and is closely intertwined with the concept of "common sense" by Henri Bergson. The article considers the following principles of Makarenko's pedagogy: parallel action, i.e. influence on the personality through the team, reliance on positive in the pupil’s personality, perspective lines in the development of the team, "tomorrow's joy" and others. Nowadays, new societal challenges have emerged that require new approaches to education in the context of the spread of alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. An important and interesting experience is the approaches of Gennady Viktorovich Mokhnenko, an innovative teacher, the founder and head of the largest children's rehabilitation center "Republic Pilgrim" and a network of rehabilitation centers for adults.

Personal echo chambers: Openness-to-experience is linked to higher levels of psychological interest diversity in large-scale behavioral data.

This research investigates the extent to which the personality trait of Openness-to-Experience can protect individuals from living in personal echo chambers that create and reinforce a narrow view on the world. Analyses of 2 large-scale data sets with over 80,000 participants and more than 40,000,000 behavioral observations demonstrate that individuals scoring high on Openness show higher variability in the psychological profiles associated with their personal interests-a novel concept termed psychological interest diversity. Study 1 examines the Facebook profiles of 57,185 users to demonstrate that a person's Openness level predicts the degree to which the pages they like are diverse in the political ideologies, personal values, and personality traits of their followers. Study 2 replicates the findings of Study 1 using over 28,000,000 GPS-tracked event attendances collected via people's smartphones. Specifically, the results show that individuals (N = 22,953) with higher levels of Openness also show higher levels of psychological interest diversity in the events they attend, and that this effect is incremental to county-level variation in psychological interest diversity. The findings empirically support the theoretical conceptualization of Openness as a preference for variety and exploration and corroborate the role of personal dispositions in the creation of personal echo chambers. The discussion highlights the need to further explore psychological interest diversity as the initial basis of algorithmic filter bubbles-for example, recommendation systems or targeted advertising-which further amplify and reinforce existing interests and preferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Was John B. Watson Inspired by Anna Wyczółkowska and Her Studies in the Mechanism of Speech?

In 1913, an article by Anna Wyczółkowska entitled Theoretical and experimental studies in the mechanism of speech was published in the Psychological Review. It contains the results of her studies on internal speech and thought, which had been carried out by the author seven years earlier, in the psychological laboratory of the University of Chicago. John B. Watson was a participant in the study. Wyczółkowska believed that Watson was inspired by her research. Thanks to his participation, he gradually began to move away from his original interest in animal psychology, towards behaviourism. In his Behaviorist Manifesto published in the same year, Watson took, as one of the arguments for the rightness of his programme, the assumption that the thought process is really motor habits in the larynx, improvements, short cuts, changes, etc. According to Wyczółkowska, it was obviously inspired by her research. Her aforementioned article is still cited in the psychological literature today, and belongs to the canon of the most important early experimental studies in the field of research on thinking and speech processes. This text discusses the relationship between the research conducted by Wyczółkowska and some assumptions of behaviourism. Furthermore it presents the story of Wyczółkowska’s life, her scientific work, social commitment to women’s university education, and activities in the Polish American community.

Nature Interest Scale - Development and Evaluation of a Measurement Instrument for Individual Interest in Nature.

Interest is an important factor for successful learning that has been the subject of intensive research for decades. Although interest in nature is of great importance for environmental education, to date there is no valid and reliable measurement tool. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and test a scale for interest in nature, the Nature Interest Scale (NIS). In study 1, nine items were selected based on the three dimensions of the psychological interest construct to represent interest in nature. The factor structure of this new measurement instrument, was tested using confirmatory factor analyses. The results show that the instrument represents the three dimensions of the interest construct well. In study 2 the validity (discriminant and convergent validity) as well as the reliability (internal consistency, composite reliability, test-retest reliability) of the NIS were demonstrated. In study 3, the applicability of the NIS was tested with a different target group, students with learning disabilities. The results of this factor analysis also confirm the factor structure of the scale. Thus, this study provides a valid and reliable measurement tool for individual interest in nature that can be used for future research.