Interest In Physical Education Research Articles

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHING QUALITY AT THE UNIVERSITY

Purpose. The article reveals the patterns of successful transfer of socio-pedagogical experience from a teacher to students, the pedagogical influence on personal development and instructional importance in the educational process. Being a way of organizing educational activities, learning is the most reliable way to obtain a systematic education. It contributes to the assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities and development of personal qualities that help a person to adapt to external conditions and express one’s personality. The quality of administration of educational process has a big impact on the development of creative and independent mentality of students, acquisition of professional competencies for achieving a high level of proficiency to withstand competitiveness in the labor market and develop the potential for self-development and self-education. The teacher of physical culture is fully responsible for ensuring the modern administration of the educational process and social activities of the high quality to train qualified specialists with theoretical and applicable knowledge, skills and competencies. Research methods and organization. The authors use the methods of questionnaire survey, pedagogical observation and comparative assessment to reveal the psychological and instructional aspects of the quality of physical education at the university, as well as students' interest in Physical education as university subject. Research results. The research resulted in the identification of students’ attitude to the quality of the educational process, their satisfaction with the quality of provided education, and the quality of the administration of physical and sports activities. Conclusion. We have substantiated the significance of psychological and pedagogical approach used by educators at physical education classes. It is especially relevant in modern conditions for improvement of the quality of educational process through the attitude of students to the Physical education and sports subject.

IMPLEMENTATION OF «FITNESS MIX» DANCE FITNESS PROGRAM IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This paper provides a theoretical and practical justification for the development of the fitness industry in Russia, notably the implementation of fitness technologies in preschool educational organizations. The purpose of the study was theoretical justification and experimental verification of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program aimed at developing physical qualities and increasing physical education interest of senior preschool children. Research methods and organization. We used the following research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and instructional literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and discussion. In our study, we have provided the characteristics and the details of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program aimed at developing physical qualities and increasing physical education interest of senior preschool children. We have demonstrated the dynamics of physical fitness indicators of preschool children in the framework of a pedagogical experiment. We have presented the results of a survey of preschool children in the experimental group, aimed at revealing interest in some sections of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program. We have assessed the training outcomes of children in experimental groups engaged in experimental and traditional physical education programs for preschool educational organizations. Conclusion. In our study, we have proved our hypothesis that implementation of the FITNESS MIX dance fitness program in preschool physical education will contribute to physical development, growing physical fitness level and effectiveness of the instructional process providing significantly better outcomes in the development of physical qualities and improving the functional state of a child.

FORMATION OF YOUNGER PUPILS' SUSTAINABLE INTEREST TO TAKE PHYSICAL CULTURE IN OUTDOOR EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The results of the study and the data of Ukrainian and foreign scientists showed that children are passively involved in physical activity. School lessons of physical culture lose their priority among the preferences of students. The interests of younger students in physical education contradict with the curriculum. Physical development has a declarative and situational nature, since only about 20% of children engage in motor activity in the morning. In view of this, the author developed a method of forming a sustainable interest in physical education and sports during the extracurricular institution, which has been introduced from 2017 to the present at the University of Gifted Child (UGC), which operates at the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University (Ukraine). Here, they have created a special educational, development and leisure environment of health-conscious content. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the effectiveness of this process is provided by a number of conditions: students have knowledge of physical culture and sports, health, well-known fellow countrymen; practical activity of children; valuable attitude of younger students to physical education, motivation for healthy lifestyle, emotional satisfaction from exercise, physical activity, sports, active rest; highly professional teaching staff who are well-known athletes, creative students; innovative methods and forms of learning, etc. It is proved that if significant attention is paid to the cognitive and value components, then it is possible to generate more intense interest in physical culture in children

A Multi-factorial Analysis of Elementary Students’ Interest in Physical Education Considering Students’ Ethnicity and Gender

Background: Student’s harboring positive interest in physical education is of great concerning in academia. More importantly, the rational as to why one would maintain a positive interest in physical education is of concern. These topics have been widely researched. However, the comparison of gender and ethnicity as it relates to students’ interest in physical education is a novel investigation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between elementary student’s interest in physical education considering gender, ethnicity, curricular and teacher influences, and student’s perceived competency. Method: Participants included 99 fifth-grade elementary school students (62 males, 37 females). Participant selection was conducted by utilizing 6 intact physical education classes from a single culturally diverse elementary school. The Physical Education Interest Questionnaire was the instrument used for this study as well as open-ended questions for the purpose of qualitative analysis (Van Wersch, Trew, & Turner, 1992). Results: Findings, indicated that students, regardless of ethnicity and gender, maintained positive interest in physical education. However, male students maintained greater interest in physical education than female students, irrespective of ethnicity. Caucasian students maintained significantly higher interest than other ethnicities. Perceived competence had the most effect on students’ overall interest. Answers to open-ended questions supported these results. Conclusion: Although this study identified that a positive interest in physical education regardless of the subjects’ gender and ethnicity existed, it is imperative that future instructors consider teaching non-mainstream individual fitness activities to students. This would lead to increased individual perceived competency and continued positive interest in physical education.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТІВ АГРАРНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ У ВИЩИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ

The article deals with the main issues of agrarian students' health. A questionnaire was conducted of students of the first and second year of boys and girls who determined the attitude of students to their own health; major barriers to maintaining and promoting student health; determined their interest in physical education and sports. In modern society where the decline in the health of our youth, especially adolescents, the need to form their healthy habits, physical exercise, and in general healthy lifestyle is one of the priority areas of modern education in Ukraine. Student youth is the future of our country, so increasing health and physical activity require special attention from the side of the health care system in Ukraine. The promotion of the health of every citizen is the subject of much attention in most countries of the world: a healthy person is healthy nation. Therefore, the problem of health and their strengthening at the present stage of development of the Ukrainian state is quite important. Increasing the level of health, motivation and physical activity of students of agricultural specialties of the first and second year of boys and girls remains an urgent issue. One of the major factors affecting health is physical education. It should be noted that most students do not pay proper attention to physical activity. It is considered low by every fourth year student and almost every second year student. On average, between 5% and 9% of students are exempted from basic physical education classes (a special medical group consisting of individuals who are forced to attend special program for health reasons; this group increases over the years of study). According to the questionnaire of students according to their state of health, the students of the first and second year are low in boys and girls, the main obstacle for health promotion is the lack of time. According to the survey, it is conditional to divide into four typological groups according to the time spent for physical exercise and sports: 1) students who do not show physical and sports activity; 2) students with insufficient physical and sports activity; 3) students with optimal physical and sports activity; 4) students with relatively high physical activity.

Interest in new sports as a factor in the formation of a sustainable desire for a healthy lifestyle among students

The article presents the results of research to inoculation a steady interest in physical education for students of the pedagogical university, using the example of currently fashionable sports. The observation results allowed the authors using natural factors and street workout platforms to form professional pedagogical abilities and skills for future teachers who can be trained background interest in new sports. In particular, the authors against the background of visual examples of physical exercises of the city’s population in the Park of culture and recreation, students were informed about the importance of practice run before training on the development of physical qualities. They gave a detailed description of the performance of general developmental exercises for the purpose of health improvement, the development of physical qualities. In the main part of the lesson, students received not only theoretical knowledge, but also learned how to perform and train the simplest exercises for the development of physical qualities. The results of the experiment allowed the authors to increase students’ interest in a healthy lifestyle and teach them basic principles and methods of training.

Repercusiones de un programa bioecológico en la responsabilidad y satisfacción en educación física: un estudio de caso en contextos de exclusión social | Effects of a bioecological program in responsibility and satisfaction in physical education: a case study in contexts of social exclusion

El propósito del presente estudio fue examinar las repercusiones de un programa original de EF basado en el modelo bioecológico sobre la responsabilidad. Además, se comprobó el grado de aceptación de la intervención. Participaron 120 estudiantes con una edad media de 14.53 años, todos pertenecientes a un centro público ubicado en una zona en riesgo de exclusión. Se empleó un estudio de caso explicativo con recogida y análisis de datos post facto. Los resultados mostraron mayor nivel de responsabilidad en EF en el grupo experimental respecto al control. Sin embargo, no se hallaron diferencias en el interés por la EF, que para ambos grupos fue satisfactoria. El contenido más valorado fueron los juegos y deportes; el objetivo de la materia más destacado, la salud; los beneficios de la asignatura, la mejora de las relaciones sociales. Se sugiere seguir avanzando en la reducción del absentismo y abandono escolar en contextos socioeconómicos desfavorecidos.AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the implications of an original Physical Education (PE) program based on the bioecological model on responsibility. In addition, the degree of acceptance of the intervention was checked. 120 students participated with an average age of 14.53 years, all belonging to a public center located in an area at risk of exclusion. An explanatory case study was used with post facto data collection and analysis. The results showed a higher level of responsibility in PE in the experimental group than in the control group. However, no differences were found in the interest in PE, which for both groups were satisfactory. The most valued content were games and sports; the objective of the most outstanding subject, health; the benefits of the subject, the improvement of social relations. It is suggested to continue making progress in reducing absenteeism and dropping out of school in disadvantaged socio-economic contexts.

Comparative analysis of the physical condition level assessment of the students from the faculty of international trade and law

Activity has to be an important factor in students’ life for improving physical development. The modern assessment system of students’ physical condition in higher education institutions allows to determine the level of young people’s motor achievements both in individuals’ and whole groups’ physical activity. The article reviews a comparative analysis of the physical condition level assessments of students from the faculty of international trade and law. Particular attention is focused on the quality of testing the assess of the first- and second-year students’ motor development. In this research were used the tests of the Ukrainian population’s physical condition. Based on the testing results, we can compare the physical condition analysis of students who passed the testing in the first year, and then the same students – in the second. It has been found that no endurance test is improved by any student, but strength and flexibility tests have improved significantly. A comparative analysis of researches shows that fitness scores have not improved significantly at every level, and the most notable improvements were observed at the intermediate level. Despite some improvements of individual students’ test results, in most of them the level of physical condition remained unchanged. Such qualities as flexibility and coordination have increased significantly in the women-only “Fitness” section. In the sports sections “Football”, “Basketball”, “Athletic Gymnastics” and “Wrestling” were most developed such motor skills as speed and strength particularly among men. It turned out that some students were not ready to pass the test standards and had a low level of development of some motor skills. An important condition for increasing interest in physical education is the university’s modern sports facilities. The results show the need to improve physical training classes in higher education institutions, to develop a program of classes and a system of preparation for students’ physical condition assessment.

Yetersizliği Olan Bireyler için Uyarlanmış Beden Eğitimi ve Spor

Eğitim programları ile uyumlu bir şekilde düzenlenmiş beden eğitimi ve spor çalışmaları, eğitim ve öğretime olumlu etkilerinin yanında, sağlık, ruhsal ve sosyal yönlerin geliştirilmesine de olumlu katkılar sağlamakta ve bireylerin özel gereksinimlerini karşılamak için bireyselleştirilmiş programlar tasarlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yetersizliğe sahip olan bireyler için uyarlanmış beden eğitimi ve spor programlarının önemi vurgulanmaya çalışılmış ve literatür bilgileri kullanılarak örnekler sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Toplum içinde farklı engel sınıflandırmaları vardır. Bu sınıflandırmalar içinde yer alan bireyler, normal gelişim gösteren akranlarına göre çeşitli alanlarda ve gelişimsel özelliklerinde daha fazla olumsuzluklar gösterebilmektedirler. Özellikle davranış bozukluğu, sosyalleşmede yetersizlik ve bağımsız hareket etme güçlüğü göze çarpmaktadır. Bu insanların sağlıklı yaşayabilmeleri için sosyalleşmeye ve hareket etmeye ihtiyaçları vardır. Yapılarına uygun, özel seçilmiş aktivite ve programlar tercih edilmeli ve gerekli uyarlamalar yapılmalıdır. Uyarlanmış beden eğitimi ve spor programları, bireylerin değişen özel gereksinimleri ve becerileriyle ilişkidir. Bu gereksinim bazen sınıfta/etkinlikte yardımcıların olması şeklinde, bazen çeşitli ekipmanların kullanılması, bazen de ekipmanların uyarlanması şeklinde olmaktadır. Uyarlamalar için kimi zaman ayrıştırılmış ortamlar kullanılabilir. Bazen çok az uyarlama yeterli olurken bazen de uyarlamaya gerek olmayabilir. Önemli olan bireyin ihtiyacı doğrultusunda uygun olan programların seçilmesi ve uygulanabilir olmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, uyarlanmış beden eğitimi ve spora, beden eğitiminin bir alt disiplini ve değişik yeteneklere sahip olanlar için güvenli, kişisel olarak tatmin edici ve başarılı bir deneyim olarak bakılmalıdır. Son yıllarda uyarlanmış beden eğitimine ilginin artması ile birlikte, uyarlanmış beden eğitimi üzerine tasarlanmış ve iyi uygulanan programlar ve programların nasıl uygulanacağı üzerine yazılmış ana hatlarla güçlenen ve tanımlanan yöntemlerde belirlenmiştir. Böylece bu programları uygulayan insanların neleri yapabileceklerini ve de imkânsız diye düşünülen birçok şeyi başarabilecekleri de ortaya çıkmış olacaktır.

Assessment for tactical learning in games: A systematic review

The assessment of tactics is a subject of great interest in physical education and sport pedagogy. However, the lack of knowledge of the topic and the variety of assessment instruments make the assessment of tactics difficult. This study aimed to describe assessment in relation to tactical learning outcomes through an analysis of assessment instruments, based on variables that must be considered when using an instrument: (a) criteria definitions; (b) tactical levels; (c) indexes; (d) units of observation; (e) player/learner roles; and (f) institutional contexts. Hence, the following instruments were found: Game Performance Assessment Instrument, spatial location instruments, game performance evaluation tool, team sport assessment procedure, and system of tactical assessment in Soccer. Building on the review’s purpose, the following issues were found. First, some studies reviewed used non-validated criteria. Second, not all studies considered the three tactical levels (match level, partial forefront level and primary level). Third, the majority of the studies used indexes that masked the results. Fourth, the individual unit of observation was widely used to assess global tactical learning outcomes. Fifth, many instruments were used in contexts for which they were not validated. According to these limitations, general recommendations are proposed. First, researchers should use validated instruments as long as the characteristics of the instruments are aligned with the nature of the study. Second, it is recommended when validating an instrument to consider the following general guidelines: (a) only use validated criteria descriptions; (b) include all three tactical levels; (c) do not use indexes; (d) use the team as the unit of observation; (e) assess both defender and attacker roles; (f) develop the instrument in the same institutional context as the study context; (g) include context variables if applicable.

O efeito de uma intervenção de ensino no gozo da educação física

This study sought to analyze how creating a task-oriented motivational climate through intervention affects various motivational variables, enjoyment, and the importance people attribute to physical education. A sample of sixth-grade elementary school students was used. Ages ranged from 11 to 12 years-old (M = 11.53, SD = .50). Groups were divided into an experimental group (n = 20), where a task-oriented climate was transmitted, and a control group (n = 20) that received no manipulation. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted on the data collected at the pretest. To detect intra-group differences between pre and posttest measures, a t-test for related samples was conducted in each group. Results revealed that the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group in social responsibility and social relationship goals, and scored higher on approach-mastery goals, basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, and importance attributed to physical education. They also exhibited lower external regulation and amotivation. The control group, conversely, had significantly lower intrinsic motivation posttest than the experimental group. We discuss the importance of transmitting a task-oriented motivational climate in physical education to accomplish positive motivational effects that favor enjoyment and interest in physical education.

Relationship of Physical Education Curriculum Implementation and Mathematics Achievement in Chinese Youth

ABSTRACTPurpose: Previous studies indicated a positive association between physical education (PE) and mathematics achievement (MA). This study explored how PE curriculum implementation relates to MA using data from the China National Assessment of Education Quality (CNAEQ) in 2015, including Mathematics (CNAEQ-MA 2015) as well as Physical Education & Health (CNAEQ-PEH 2015). Method: This study included 22,619 students (48.7% girls) age 13.96 ± 0.64 yr. from the national sample of Grade 8 students from CNAEQ. During 2015, MA and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) were assessed. PE curriculum implementation, personal hygiene, eating habits, PE interest, mathematics interest, and self-confidence were collected via a self-report student survey. Personal hygiene and eating habits were combined to create the latent variable, healthy lifestyle (HL). Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the associations. Socioeconomic status, school location, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sex were all controlled. Results: PE curriculum implementation had an indirect, positive association with MA through CF, HL-mathematics interest, and HL-mathematics self-confidence. Together, the model explained 27.8% of the variance in MA. Conclusion: PE curriculum implementation may benefit mathematics education, and this link is mainly through HL, CF, mathematics interest, and self-confidence.

Universality and Uniqueness of Students' Situational Interest in Physical Education: A Comparative Study.

Situational interest (SI) has been conceptualized in physical education (PE) as a multidimensional construct including five dimensions: instant enjoyment, exploration intention, attention demand, novelty and challenge. Consistent with Ding, Sun and Chen (2013), who argued for the need ‘to develop cross-culture models to examine the universality of the motivation constructs’, the purpose of this study was to investigate the universality and uniqueness of students’ SI by comparing three French-speaking PE contexts. Participants were 1812 secondary school students from Belgium, France, and Switzerland. They responded to the French 15-item SI scale and the Total Interest scale (Roure, Pasco & Kermarrec, 2016) after practicing learning tasks in regular PE lessons. The relationships between the SI dimensions and total interest were compared between the three samples using correlation and regression analyses. A multivariate analysis of variance was also used to compare SI scores between the contexts. The results revealed that instant enjoyment and exploration intention were the two major motivating dimensions, highlighting the universality of students’ SI, whereas challenge and novelty revealed the uniqueness of this construct explored.

Attitudes of students to physical culture and a healthy life Motivation

The analysis is based on the criteria related to the statement that today, the student's interest in physical education, a healthy lifestyle and everything related to physical education, sports and wellness activities has sharply decreased. The main problem of the modern higher education system is finding the best ways to train competitive specialists. To determine the attitude of students to physical education and healthy lifestyle on the basis of the analysis of the results of the questionnaire. It is found that 69, 35% of the students surveyed have a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle. They are also positive, but they do not adhere (they did not join this process) – 30,65%. The study found that students' positive attitudes toward healthy lifestyles were lower than positive attitudes toward physical education. Most students 68, 8%, said they did not have bad habits. Positive attitudes towards physical education are observed in 84.8% of the students surveyed; “More positive than negative” at 15, 2%. They consider themselves to be physically active and engage in sports sections of 23, 004%, and those who engage in training only within the curriculum 37, 7%. Satisfied with their own level of physical fitness – 40, 7%, dissatisfied – 59, 4%. The results of the study do not confirm that there is currently a significant decline in students' interest and motivation for healthy lifestyles and physical education.In order to attract more students to healthy lifestyles, increase interest and motivation to engage in various types of sports and recreational activities, it is necessary to introduce modern innovative educational programs into the educational process, to implement the principle of individual approach (to take into account the wishes and physical abilities of students), to conduct various sports activities. - mass events and updating of the material and technical base of the educational institution.

Sports interest mediating exercise and compulsive internet use among undergraduates.

With the massive growth in Internet technologies, people have become wary of excessive Internet usage, known as compulsive Internet usage or Internet addiction. This study looks into how exercise is related to compulsive Internet usage. Previous research showed varying results regarding the relationship between sports habit and Internet usage; this project clarifies the relationship by investigating mediating variables in terms of interest in different aspects of sports, such as physical education, mastering sport skills, sports participation, and watching sports. Two survey studies were conducted. The participants were 232 male and 107 female Taiwanese undergraduate students in the first survey, totaling 339 students. The second survey had 233 males, 98 female students, and 2 who did not disclose their gender, with a final total of 333. The results reveal that interest in physical education (IPE) mediates sports habit and compulsive Internet usage. As long as the student had a habit of doing sports that increased IPE, this would in turn decrease compulsive Internet use. The importance of igniting students' IPE is discussed.

The Effect of A Ten-week Autonomy Practice on Autonomous Motivation and Willingness to Rely on Exercise

Background: Internal motivation and autonomous external motivation are to some extent similar and both are opposed to non-autonomous external motivation. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to increase the efficiency of the physical education classes in further encouraging students to do physical activities outside school through determining the amount of the effect of autonomy-practice and non-autonomy-practice on autonomous motivation and perceived autonomy support in physical education. Methods: Participants in this study were students of two high schools (N=100; M=18.1±0.36) who were randomly placed in control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, the teacher taught students physical activities and the students had to perform them with desire and interest. But in the control group, physical activities were completely performed by the teacher and under his own supervision. The whole practice period was ten weeks. Two questionnaires, "sport motivation scale" (SMS) and "intention to partake in physical activity", were used. Results: The results showed that the effect of autonomy practice and non-autonomy practice on the linear combination of sport motivation and willingness is significant [F, (2, 95) =41.714, P=0.00]. They also showed that the effect of autonomy practice and non-autonomy practice on the linear combination of subscales of sport motivation was significant [F, (5, 89) =50.295, P=0.000]. Students of the experimental group showed a higher level of willingness and interest in physical education. Conclusions: Findings in this study are strong evidences indicating that both autonomous support and autonomous motivation are needed to maximize the effect of physical education classes.

Supervise and Train Female College Students' Interest in Physical Education

Through literature review, found that female college students generally do not love sports, not interested in physical education, understanding of the importance of physical education is insufficient; this paper analyzed through theoretical analysis of the main factors of influencing female college students' interest in sports, found the existing problems and corresponding suggestions are put forward.

The Impact of Learning Task Design on Students’ Situational Interest in Physical Education

Purpose: Based on the framework of interest, studies have shown that teachers can enhance students’ situational interest (SI) by manipulating the components of learning tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of learning task design on students’ SI in physical education (PE). Method: The participants were 167 secondary school students (Mage = 13.21, SD = 2.24, 59% boys, range 12–16) who evaluated the SI of two learning tasks in badminton, designed to promote either instant enjoyment and exploration intention, or novelty and challenge. Students responded to the French 19-item SI scale immediately after completing the two learning tasks, with a 3-week interval between the tasks. Results: The results showed that students were receptive to the SI dimensions on which each task was designed. According to the total interest scores, they also perceived significant differences between both tasks. Moreover, the cluster analysis revealed three different students’ profiles based on their SI scores ...

Multidimensional Measurement of Situational Interest in Physical Education: Application of Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling

Multidimensional measurement is a common theme in motivation research because many constructs are conceptualized as having an overarching general factor (e.g., situational interest) and specific dimensions (e.g., attention demand, challenge, exploration intention, instant enjoyment, novelty). This review addresses current issues associated with the multidimensional measurement of situational interest in elementary physical education (PE) and illustrates the application and benefits of bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). I perform secondary analysis on a large, previously published data set used to provide validation support for the Situational Interest Scale for Elementary PE. Findings clearly demonstrate the advantages of capturing the multidimensional nature of situational interest using bifactor ESEM. Specifically, a more accurate measurement model of situational interest is reproduced using bifactor ESEM compared with other techniques such as first-order and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. There is empirical support for an overall general factor of situational interest when using the Situational Interest Scale for Elementary PE, however, examining the five dimensions of situational interest as unique factors after accounting for the general factor does not appear warranted.

The Role of Interest in Physical Education: A Review of Research Evidence

This article focuses on the research on interest, especially situational interest, in physical education. Interest has been considered a powerful motivator for children and adolescents. Based on a conceptualization of individual and situational interest, a reasonable size of evidence has been accumulated showing that situational interest motivates students to engage in physical activity. The evidence also shows that situational interest may have little impact on learning achievement. It, however, can be controlled and manipulated by teachers to create a situationally interesting learning environment to enhance engagement. The lack of studies on individual interest and its development has been identified as a void in this line of research. We argue that it is necessary to strengthen the research on individual interest and its interaction with situational interest to fully understand the four-phase theoretical model of interest development in the physical activity domain (Renninger & Hidi, 2016).