Parental Interest Research Articles

BARUDAK CERDAS DAN AKTIF : SOLUSI PENANGANAN ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH DI DESA SIRNAGALIH KABUPATEN CIANJUR

This community service activity was carried out with the main background so that the people of Sirnagalih village, Cianjur district, could massively reduce the school dropout rate with the Smart and Active Barudak program. Thus, this service activity aims to increase parents' awareness and children's interest in going to school. The service method is carried out by providing counseling and providing training in collaboration with the community work team in Sirnagalih village. In general, the activity went well. The participation and enthusiasm of the participants in this activity could be seen from the active discussions. The impact of this activity can increase parental awareness and children's interest in going to school so that the school dropout rate can be reduced and decrease drastically.

Impact of Parent Interest in Mathematics and Students Mathematics Interest on Student Mathematics Achievement

A student's academic and cognitive development is greatly influenced by their mathematics education, and the importance of parental participation in promoting this interest cannot be estimated. The study aims to evaluate the impact of parental interest in mathematics and student’s mathematics interest on students’ mathematics achievement. The study employed quantitative research method with the used of structured questionnaire for collecting data. The sample of the study comprised of 200 first-year students from four selected senior high school in Ghana-Kumasi. The study findings revealed that, parent interest and student interest in mathematics had a statistically significant direct positive impact on students’ mathematics achievement. Moreover, there relationship between parental interest and students’ interest in mathematics had a positive effect and was statistically significant.

Teachers’ Opinions on Teacher Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of the study is to examine the teachers’ opinions on teacher resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a phenomenological design, implementing maximum variation sampling to select a participant group of 20 teachers from private schools in Istanbul and public schools in Erzurum's rural district, Hınıs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted both in-person and virtually, after which descriptive and content analyses were undertaken utilizing the MAXQDA 2020 software, facilitating the identification of predominant themes and sub-themes. Eight themes are surfaced from the study, encapsulating teachers' opinions on resilience, professional challenges, complications tied to distance education, environmental problems, factors contributing to resilience, leaving the profession, the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, along with suggestions for enhancing resilience. The study's findings indicate that teacher resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly affected by factors such as the lack of internet infrastructure, the lack of hardware, learning loss in students, absenteeism problems of students, physical distance, increase in workload, the lack of parental interest, the lack of support from the administration, and economic conditions. Conversely, professional dedication, professional development, positive attitude, administrative and parental support, collaboration among colleagues, and engaging in hobbies were identified as factors contributing to teacher resilience.

Childhood Trauma and Parental Burnout: The Mediating Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Reflective Functioning.

This study investigated the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation and reflective functioning in the association between childhood trauma and parental burnout. The participants included 402 mothers with children ranging in age from 1 to 6years. Mothers completed the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) the parental reflective functioning questionnaire (PRFQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, and Hayes Macro in SPSS was also used to analyze the effects of mediating variables. The results show that although childhood trauma and parental burnout do not have a direct and significant relationship, there is a significant indirect relationship through difficulties in emotional regulation and the two factors of parental reflective functioning, i.e., pre-mentalization, interest and curiosity about mental states. These findings contribute to the understanding of the importance of variables such as difficulties in emotion regulation and reflective functioning, which play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and parental burnout. This suggests that designing interventions and prevention to reduce parental burnout based on emotion regulation and reflective functioning may be beneficial.

Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Experiences, Practices, and Attitudes in Rural Primary Care Clinicians

ObjectivePediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rates remain low in rural areas. A strong clinician recommendation improves vaccine uptake, but the pediatric COVID-19 vaccine recommendation practices of rural primary care clinicians have not been reported. Our objectives were to describe, among rural Colorado pediatric clinicians: 1) recommendation practices for COVID-19 vaccine compared to influenza and school-entry required vaccines, and 2) personal attitudes. MethodsFrom July to October 2023, surveys were distributed to clinicians in rural Colorado identified as pediatric vaccine providers in counties designated as rural through the Colorado Immunization Information System using mail and email. ResultsOf 89 survey respondents, 37% of clinicians strongly recommended COVID-19 vaccines for children 6 months–5 years old, compared to 79% for influenza (P = 0.05) and 92% for school-entry required vaccines (P = 0.04). For children 6–11 and 12–17 years old, 43% and 44% of clinicians strongly recommended COVID-19 vaccines, respectively, compared to 71% and 70% for influenza (P < 0.01), and 91% for school-entry required vaccines (P < 0.01). Forty four percent of clinicians agreed that COVID-19 vaccines are important for pediatric patients. The most common clinician-perceived challenges to discussing pediatric COVID-19 vaccines included a lack of parent interest in more information (76% “somewhat” or “strongly” agree), lack of ability to change parents’ minds (71%), and concerns that the vaccines are too political (40%). ConclusionsMost rural Colorado clinicians do not strongly recommend pediatric COVID-19 vaccines compared to influenza and school-entry required vaccines. Efforts to improve pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake should aim to strengthen clinicians’ recommendations of these vaccines.

Gratitude training: forgiveness in mothers of students with visual impairment

ABSTRACT Gratitude skills training improves the forgiveness in mothers of students with visual impairment (VI). The current study aimed to explore the effects of gratitude intervention on forgiveness in mothers of students with VI. This research was a semi-randomized controlled trial design. Thirty mothers of students with VI were randomly chosen from Special School in Gachsaran, Iran. They were randomly replaced to treatment (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The treatment group participated in nine-session 90-minute gratitude training, while the control group participated in general placebo sessions. Both groups responded to the Rye Forgiveness Scale (RFS) before and after the intervention. The results of the Univariate Analysis of Variance showed that the gratitude training significantly and positively influenced the forgiveness in the treatment group in the post-test (p < 0.001). The research suggests that gratitude training can promote forgiveness in mothers of students with VI. Results of this research increase the interest of parents of these students in gratitude training. Moreover, the gratitude skills intervention can be used as an intervention for improving forgiveness in mothers of students with VI.

Real Men Don’t Kill Koalas: Gender and Conservationism in the Queensland Koala Open Season of 1927

In July 1927, the Queensland state government declared an open season on koalas, in which more than 600,000 koalas were shot, poisoned, or trapped. In the broad-based and emotional backlash which ensued, gender ideologies featured significantly. Concepts of authentically Australian forms of masculinity and femininity were mobilised in attempts to end the destruction; koala-killing was framed as a debasement of an idealised ‘bushman’ identity and koala fur wearing as a betrayal of an idealised category of inherently caring womanhood. The interests of parents and children came to the fore in a campaign concerned with preserving the popular ‘native bear’ for the enjoyment of future generations. This article draws out how gendered understandings of koalas and koala-killing contributed to the animals’ reclassification from an economic resource to an anthropomorphised friend and symbol, whose slaughter was conceived by many as unmanly and un-Australian.

Implementation of the Sahla Method in Qur’an Memorization

The Sahla Method, implemented since 2020, plays a crucial role in building a generation of Qur’anic memorizers who are not only strong in memorization but also excel in recitation and application, following the correct pronunciation (makharij al-huruf) and tajwid rules. The memorization process is carried out with a tahsin class system, the use of bayati tones, as well as a memorization system for page numbers and verse positions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Sahla Method in memorizing the Qur'an at the Al-Imam Tiru Kidul Modern Tahfidz Pond, Gurah, Kediri. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach, involving interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that the application of the Sahla Method significantly improves the quality of reading and memorization of students, with many students successfully participating in and winning various Tahfidz competitions. The method ensures high-quality memorization, including the ability to recall page numbers, verse numbers, positions, and verse comprehension, in an enjoyable manner. This research is based on the Al-Imam Modern Tahfidz Boarding School, which educates students at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. The study was conducted in response to the increasing interest of parents in enrolling their children in this boarding school.

성장혼합모형을 적용한 교사-아동 갈등관계 변화 유형화, 영향요인 및 학교적응 차이 검증

Objectives This study aimed to typify the longitudinal changes in teacher-child conflict relationships among elementary school students and to verify the impact of children's personal and parental factors on the classification of latent profiles in the trajectories of changes in teacher-child conflict relationships. Additionally, the study examined differences in school adaptation across types of teacher-child conflict relationships. Methods Utilizing data from the 9th to 13th waves (2nd to 6th grade in elementary school) of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC), the study estimated a change function suitable for the changes in teacher-child conflict relationships and applied it to classify latent classes. A growth mixture model was used to identify the significance of related child, parental factors, and school adaptation. Results First, it was found that a first-order function model was suitable for the longitudinal changes in teacher-child conflict relationships, and three latent profiles (‘Decreasing’, ‘Maintaining’, ‘Increasing’) were identified based on this model. Upon verifying the influencing factors, compared to the ‘Maintaining’ group set as the reference group, externalized difficulties were significant in the ‘Increasing’ group, while parental interest in school life and externalized difficulties had a significant impact in the ‘Decreasing’ group. Furthermore, when the ‘Decreasing’ group was set as the reference group, externalized difficulties emerged as a significant influencing factor in comparison with the ‘Increasing’ group. In addition, there were overall differences in school adaptation among the three classified groups, with the ‘Maintaining’ group showing a higher level of school adaptation than the ‘Decreasing’ group. Conclusions Based on these results, the study discussed possible measures for improving the conflict relationships between teachers and children.

The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Self-Harm Behavior in Adolescents

Individuals are required to be able to adapt to the many changes that occur during adolescence, so support from the family is needed to deal with these changes. Normal development in this period of turmoil with rapid physical, cognitive and emotional transformations is influenced by parental interest and emotional involvement as well as parenting styles that determine the overall climate and communication in the family. Parents apply different parenting styles, ranging from authoritarian, democratic and permissive parenting. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting patterns in adolescents and self-harm behavior in adolescents. This study was an analytic study with a case control design. The sample was 42 students of SMPN 1 Plaosan and their parents using a total population technique for the case group and a simple random sampling technique for control group. The independent variable was parenting style, the dependent variable was self harm behavior in adolescents. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire. To analyze the correlation used chi square test was used with α 0.05. The research results showed that most parents provided an authoritarian parenting style in the case group and some parents provided a democratic parenting style in the control group. The chi square test results obtained p = 0.00 (p = &lt;0.05). The conclusion in this study is that there is a correlation between parenting patterns and self-harm behavior in adolescents. It is recommended that parents provide democratic parenting patterns for their children.

Strategi branding Sekolah di era digital dalam meningkatkan animo masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan digital marketing

In the business world, schools can be considered as a brand or a trademark. A well-crafted brand will attract the interest of parents to enroll their children in that school. To ensure that the brand reaches the school's target audience, it is necessary to leverage the rapid technological developments in the era of Industry 4.0. One characteristic of the Industry 4.0 era is the growth of digital marketing. Digital marketing involves the use of digital technology to create channels for potential recipients, with the goal of effectively achieving business objectives and satisfying customer needs. This research aims to outline school branding strategies, starting from preschool (TK), elementary school (SD), junior high school (SMP), senior high school (SMA), to vocational high school (SMK). The research employs a literature study or library research method.From the analysis and discussion, the results show that school branding strategies in the digital era to enhance community interest are as follows: 1) conducting a SWOT analysis of the school, 2) establishing a competent public relations team proficient in both print and electronic media as well as social media, 3) improving academic and non-academic achievements, 4) developing social media presence including the school's website, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, 5) implementing Word of Mouth (WOM) strategies involving all teachers, staff, and parents, 6) maximizing the accreditation value of expertise programs and schools with an A rating, 7) enhancing the quality of teachers and teaching according to their expertise, 8) realizing the quality of graduates' character or behavior, 9) creating flagship activities that differentiate the school from others, 10) establishing a brand personality through the portrayal of a well-known figure.

Influence of parental attention and interest in learning on student social studies learning achievement in Elementary School

This research uses the ex post facto correlation method to examine the relationship between parental attention, interest learning social studies, and student learning outcomes at SDN 1 Pabuaran Wetan. The sample consists of 40 grade IV students selected through stratified random sampling. Data on parental attention, interest learning, and student learning outcomes were collected simultaneously using scales and assessments. Inferential statistical techniques, such as t-tests or ANOVA, will be applied to analyze the data. The research aims to determine if there is a significant relationship between the variables and provide insights into student achievement. The findings will inform the development of effective educational strategies to enhance student interest and improve learning outcomes in social studies. Understanding parental attention and interest learning can contribute to the design of interventions and programs that promote student engagement and academic performance in social studies education.

“The day my son dies, I will die, too.” Shared decision-making through game theory in paediatric palliative care: A clinical case scenario

Shared decision-making processes are complex, especially in paediatric palliative care. Giving a voice to each actor -the child and his parents- are key to find the best outcome. We suggest that applying the principles of game theory, aiming to reach an equilibrium for each of the family members could be an innovative approach to tackle the challenges of shared decision-making processes. Through this clinical case scenario, for which we applied the principles of the game theory, we show how shared decision making might be more balanced to reach the best outcome. Moreover, we hypothesize that using the game theory approach might help clinicians and researchers in the field of paediatrics to optimize clinical outcomes in the best interest of children and parents.

La téléconsultation, une modalité prometteuse pour les programmes psychoéducatifs destinés aux parents d’enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme

The disclosure to parents of a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) for a child has an impact on their mental health and well-being. Programs have been established to support them. One of these programs, “Beyond ASD, parenting skills within my reach!”, created in Quebec, has been tested and validated on Quebec and French populations. So far, the evaluation of the effects of the program on a Canadian population showed interesting results regarding knowledge about ASD, parents’ use of strategies, locus of control, and parental stress, but these variations and positive changes were also observed in a control group with access to another form of intervention. The preliminary results for a French population indicated that parents appeared to be significantly less stressed, and they improved certain areas of their quality of life. These results showed the need to offer support to parents after they were given a diagnosis of autism for their child as a post-diagnosis proposal. Nevertheless, parents are often overwhelmed after their child's diagnosis, because of the accumulation of work, school and specific interventions for their child. French parents also experience difficulties due to transportation problems in the Île-de-France region. The COVID-19 sanitary restrictions only served to heighten these difficulties. Therefore, professional mental healthcare providers aimed to pursue offering a program to parents following the diagnosis of their child in spite of these constraints. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of teleconsultation for healthcare treatments. The objectives of the present study were to quantitatively assess parental satisfaction and their perception of change in their parenting skills after they participated in the program delivered through teleconsultation, and how they qualitatively expressed themselves about the advantages and limits of the teleconsultation modality. We also sought to be able to determine to which type of parents this program could be recommended, the expected benefits for parents in terms of shared experience, learning and exchanges, and finally to evaluate the program itself as a post-diagnosis proposal. The study involved fourteen parents of children with ASD: eleven French and three French Canadians. The quantitative results showed an average satisfaction of 95.36% and an acceptability of 89.46% of the total score; the qualitative results indicated the satisfaction of parents who participated in the teleconsultation program in France and Quebec. They are consistent with the results obtained in face-to-face sessions. The results show the benefits for parents who used the teleconsultation program, while allowing a greater number of people to participate. This preliminary study of the feasibility and acceptability of the teleconsultation modality for parents of children with ASD makes it possible to consider a validation of this new modality. The quantitative and qualitative data demonstrated that parents reported acquiring new skills at a crucial period for them when they felt the increased needs and challenges in their perceived competencies to deal with self-efficacy and stress compared to other parents. The results confirmed parental interest in psychoeducational programs after their child had been given an ASD diagnosis. They were satisfied with the relationship they had with the professionals and other parents in the teleconsultation program. The results also indicated they felt respected and understood. The use of teleconsultation didn’t seem to interfere with these feelings and helped them during a difficult personal time. The limits of the present study include a possible social bias, a limited number of subjects, and a possible inequality in the participants’ ability to use digital media. Whereas diagnosis and parental intervention represent a societal stake, we need to adapt programs involving new modalities in order to reach the largest number of parents possible, and we need to remain mindful to follow recommendations and parental feedback regarding the necessity of maintaining informal time to encourage exchanges between parents. New challenges seem to be raised and considered for future implementation.

Adaptation of the Coparenting Relationship Scale Questionnaire to Spanish Parents with Offspring.

The scientific literature supports that practicing positive coparenting leads to the healthy development of children. Consequently, professional interest in parenting and coparenting has experienced significant growth, and evaluating coparenting is crucial in family psychology for establishing action protocols in clinical practice. An instrument highly regarded within the scientific community for evaluating coparenting dynamics is The Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS). This research aims to achieve two objectives: first, to adapt the CRS for the Spanish population of both engaged and separated/divorced parents and to ascertain its reliability, validity, and factorial invariance psychometric properties; second, to assess the effectiveness of the total coparenting measure in categorizing sample participants. A cross-sectional non-experimental investigation was conducted to address these objectives. The first objective was answered by conducting an instrumental study, and the second by an exploratory study using classification techniques and a causal-comparative study using multivariate inferential methods. It was concluded that the model comprising 20 items across two factors, Positive Coparenting and Negative Perception of Coparenting, is the simplest and best fit for the Spanish parent sample; it is invariant regarding gender and marital status, and the measures derived from each factor demonstrate reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. The resulting questionnaire for Spanish parents is named CRS-SEg-S&D. The Coparental Vitality measure calculated using the total weighted measure of CRS-SEg-S&D allows the sample of participants to be divided into three differentiated clusters called Coparental Robustness, Moderate Coparenting, and Coparenting Rickets.

Acceptance and willingness to pay for DTaP-HBV-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine among parents: A cross-sectional survey in China

ABSTRACT DTaP-HBV-IPV-Hib hexavalent vaccine has been used in high-income countries for many years to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. Currently, no hexavalent vaccines have been approved for use in China. Evidence of parental acceptance and interest in hexavalent vaccines can help policy makers and manufacturers make decisions about entering the vaccine market and the immunization program in China. We measured parental acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a hexavalent vaccine to provide such evidence. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of children’s caregivers in 16 vaccination clinics in seven cities in China and obtained information on socio-demographics, knowledge of disease, confidence in vaccines, previous vaccination experience, and acceptance of and WTP for hexavalent vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors influencing acceptance, and multivariate tobit regression was used to identify factors impacting WTP. Between April 28 and June 30, 2023, a total of 581 parents of children aged 0–6 years participated in the survey; 435 (74.87%, 95% CI:71.3%−78.4%) parents indicated acceptance of hexavalent vaccine. Residence location, parents’ education level, experience paying for vaccination, and disease knowledge scores were key factors affecting parents’ choices for vaccination. Mean (SD) and median (IQR) willingness to pay for full 4-dose course vaccination were 2266.66 (1177.1) CNY and 2400 (1600–2800) CNY. Children’s age (p < .001), parents’ education level (p = .024), and perceived price barriers (p < .001) were significantly associated with WTP. Parents have high acceptance and willingness to pay for hexavalent vaccine. The less money parents have to pay out of pocket, the more willing they can be to accept the vaccine. Therefore, acceptance may increase even further if the vaccine is covered by medical insurance, provided free of charge by the government, or if its price is reduced. Our results provide reference for optimizing and adjusting immunization strategies in China.

Meningkatkan Promosi Sekolah Berbasis Analisis SWOT Menghadapi Kompetisi di SMP Santa Maria Monica, Bekasi Timur

&lt;pre&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN"&gt;This research aims to map the advantages of Santa Maria Monica Junior High School, East Bekasi, in order to promote the school using SWOT analysis. Mapping of advantages is used as a tool to promote schools in an era of increasingly fierce competition. Each educational institution must be able to offer something unique, which other educational institutions do not have. Santa Maria Monica Junior High School experienced something similar. The decline in the number of students registering is starting to be felt. This research tries to see what problems are causing the decline, even though this educational institution has many things that can be maximized to attract the interest of parents and students in choosing Santa Maria Monica Junior High School as the right place to study. By using a qualitative SWOT analysis method which focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges to be faced, this research found that there are many things that Santa Maria Monica Junior High School can maximize to exist amidst the existing competition. It's just that promotion that is not optimal means that the public does not know what internal qualities the institution has so that parents' decisions to send their children to this education can be justified. Based on the strengths found and opportunities that can be exploited, this research also recommends several types of promotions that Santa Maria Monica Middle School can carry out to face existing competition, including: easily accessible location, comfortable school environment, adequate educational facilities, affordable education costs, qualifications of educational staff that meet standards, and recognition of excellence from the government. Existing internal advantages need to be promoted massively. This research recommends forms of promotion, apart from those currently carried out such as word of mouth (WOM) and relying on the school's status as a Catholic school, it is time to promote through social media (Facebook and Instagram) and hold educational exhibition events in surrounding elementary schools.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

Maternal Early Parent Attachment and Social Interest: The Effect of Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance

This study explored the relationship between maternal early parental attachment (EPA) and social interest. The participants were 311 mothers with elementary schoolchildren who lived in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. Data were collected through an online questionnaire provided on the portal site and analyzed using k-means clustering, &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows and, RMSEA, TLI, NFI and CFI using IBM SPSS AMOS 18 for Windows. The principal results were as follows. Firstly, mothers’ EPA anxiety and avoidance had a negative influence on social interest. Secondly, social interest was found to be significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with an insecure attachment style. Thirdly, significant differences were observed in levels of social interest among mothers with secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and disorientated attachment styles. A Scheffé post-hoc test revealed that social interest was significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with a disorientated attachment style. The experience of relationships with caregivers early in life is therefore important in the development of social interest.

Factors Determining in The Selection of Pediatrics Health Care Service in Chennai, India

Background: Parents can choose their children's healthcare center; however, the healthcare business struggles to meet the growing health demands of vulnerable groups. Pediatricians now prioritize parental interests to improve their services and healthcare. This study also determined the association of sociodemographic variables with factors influencing the parent's decision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 146 parents of children aged 0 to 13 years who sought-patient services at a paediatrics department of a tertiary care center in Chennai between July 2023 to October 2023. The Validated semi structured questionnaire was administered. Results: In the present study, mean age group of the study population is 29±4, among them 69% were female and 31% were male. Sociodemographic variables, namely younger age, female gender, middle monthly income, and higher educational status, are influential in the parent's decision-making process for selecting a health care center. Conclusion: Although parents may lack the ability to assess all facets of care and treatment, their perspectives contribute immensely to the interpersonal aspect of care, communication, information, and care organization. The present study has yielded significant results that enhance the knowledge base of practitioners, managers, and other professionals tasked with delivering pediatrics general practice services.

학교 교육 참여에 대한 학부모의 인식 분석

Parents' participation in school education has recently been promoted in a policy and has spread in the school field, and interest in the parent association has also become the main focus. However, contrary to the high interest of parents in participating in school education, relatively few studies have sought what parents want in school and how to properly participate in school education activities. This study aims to comprehensively examine the participation of parents in school education, the desirable role of the parent association, and the results that parents want from the school or office of education. To this end, a survey was conducted in June 2023, and the response data of a total of 334 parent monitor groups operated by the Office of Education A were analyzed. The contents of the survey include overall participation in parent school education, the main purpose and necessity of participation in parent school education, the desirable role of the parent association, and the perception of support or projects desired by the Office of Education. For item analysis, difference verification and cross-analysis were conducted at the school level. The results of the research are as follows. First, the perception that parents are the subject of school education, communication and collaboration between parents, and the degree of agreement on the sufficiency of parents' participation in school education were relatively low. Second, presentation and cooperation on school management, and monitoring of school education were derived as the main purpose and necessity of participating in school education. Third, the desirable role of the parent association was to conduct and participate in parent demand surveys and to organize various school education participation activities. Fourth, support or projects desired by schools or offices of education generally showed strengthening parent capabilities (training, education, etc.) and expanding parent networks. Fifth, there was no significant difference in parents' perception of participation in school education by school level. Based on this, implications for participation in parent education were discussed.