Interest In Cultural Heritage Research Articles

Aplikasi Pengenalan Rumah Adat Berbasis Augmented Reality Pada Perangkat Mobile Android

Indonesia has an extraordinary cultural wealth, including various traditional houses reflecting history and values. However, people's understanding of conventional houses is often limited. Factors such as the availability of introductory media and changes in people's mindsets have caused reduced interest and attention to traditional cultural heritage, including traditional houses. Augmented Reality (AR) technology has emerged as an innovative solution to facing this challenge. This research develops an AR-based traditional house introduction application on the Android platform, with the addition of interactive features such as quizzes and puzzles. The research results show that this application can increase people's understanding and interest in Indonesia's cultural heritage. Functionality testing on the Poco F5 and Samsung A50 devices shows valid results, meaning the test is reliable and can provide an accurate picture. Meanwhile, feasibility testing with 7 Yogyakarta Technology University students showed varying responses, but the majority positively assessed this application. By utilizing AR technology, this application can be an essential first step in maintaining and promoting Indonesia's cultural diversity in the digital era.

루마니아의 두 번째 유럽문화수도 티미쇼아라의 상징과 시사점

Timisoara, the European Capital of Culture 2023, is a city that represents the cultural and historical standards of Romania and Europe, implying the historical diversity of the various ethnic and cultural communities that have lived here for centuries. Timisoara is not only the city where gas lights were installed for the first time in Central and Eastern Europe in 1884, but also the epicenter of the Romanian Revolution in 1989, promoting itself as a city of light with the motto ‘Shine your light-Light up your city! (Luminează oraşul prin tine!)’ This light represents the innovation of diverse national heritage, but also the legacy of the struggle for freedom and democracy. Timisoara has demonstrated its unique cultural identity through various cultural events and special projects that promote urban and infrastructure development, as well as interest in cultural heritage. Timisoara 2023 (TM 2023) has established a cultural program that actively contributes to enhancing Timisoara’s identity, diversity, creativity and cultural potential as an engine for sustainable community development. The main program of TM 2023 consists of three main areas (People, Places, Connections) and one complementary area (Power Station) that implements capacity building. Each major area has a detailed program of specific ‘stations’ and ‘trails’ that host various cultural events, forming a transformative journey in which all areas are organically linked. The preparation and successful hosting of the event not only contributed to the preservation of traditional culture and the aesthetic aspects of the city, but also contributed to the economic development and increased tourism revenue, strengthening international recognition and creating added value in sustainable urban regeneration.

The Impact of NGOs on Heritage Objects and Spaces

In the context of an increasing social interest in cultural heritage and, consequently, a wide range of increasingly diversified grassroots activities related to the protection of heritage objects and spaces, there is a growing need for identifying the dimensions of social impact on cultural resources. The analysis of this issue in this article is based on the case of a group of public benefit organizations which are engaged in protecting heritage objects and spaces. As a result, the article identifies a group of factors which represent organizations’ impact in this area, giving attention to the perspective of target heritage objects and spaces, their surroundings and social and economic environment, public authorities and institutions, indirect beneficiaries, as well as considering the criterion of the time of impact (immediate, deferred and potential effects). The analysis is based on desk research, including a literature review, expert analyses, and with regard to empirical studies – reports prepared by public benefit organizations, the content of their websites and social media.

The Post-Effects of the Authenticity of Rural Intangible Cultural Heritage and Tourists' Engagement.

Amidst the burgeoning interest in rural Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) tourism, this study, anchored in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, chose Meizhou Island in Fujian Province as a case study to examine the impacts of tourists' perceptions of authenticity and their engagement levels on the destination image and loyalty towards rural ICH tourism. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze survey data, findings revealed that higher perceptions of a destination's preservation of original characteristics and traditional values correlate with a more favorable overall perception of the destination, albeit with smaller impact on emotional connections. Conversely, depth of tourist engagement was shown to enhance both understanding and emotional bonds with the destination. Further, familiarity with the destination was found to foster affection, thereby increasing the likelihood of repeat visits or recommendations. The more tourists know about a place, perceiving it as authentic, the more likely they are to remain loyal; similarly, deeper engagement enhances understanding and affection, increasing the probability of revisiting or recommending the place. These outcomes not only offer new insights into tourist behavior but also provide theoretical and practical guidance for the protection and development of rural ICH tourism, destination marketing, and management strategies, thus promoting the sustainable development of rural ICH tourism.

Fostering cultural heritage awareness through VR serious gaming: A study on promoting Saudi heritage among the younger generation

This study employs a virtual reality (VR) game to examine the role of VR gaming in learning Saudi cultural heritage. By creating 3D (Three-dimensional) virtual heritage buildings, the game immerses players in cultural scenes, fostering a lasting appreciation for art history. Objectives include making heritage information dissemination engaging, blending learning and entertainment in a 3D environment, designing a gamified setting for active learning, and igniting interest in culture, tradition, architecture, and art history. This paper further highlights the significance of serious gaming in promoting the Saudi cultural heritage among the younger generation. The research involved immersing 59 participants into a heritage building environment using a VR game and then probing their experience of the environment through a questionnaire. Results indicate positive participant experiences, increased interest in Saudi cultural heritage and appreciation for VR technology. The study demonstrates the potential of VR games to make heritage accessible and enjoyable for the younger generation, motivating further exploration and learning. Valuable resources are provided for individuals and researchers interested in using VR gaming for cultural heritage engagement.

When Copyright Meets Digital Cultural Heritage: Picturing an EU Right to Culture in Freedom of Panorama and Reproduction of Public Domain Art

Over the years, there has been an increasing interest in cultural heritage, particularly within the digital context. This has brought to light numerous opportunities and challenges that however require a careful consideration of fundamental rights, such as the public’s entitlement to participation in cultural life, i.e. the right to culture. Preserving the communal aspect of cultural heritage is pivotal in unlocking the full potential of the right to engage in cultural activities. Within the intricate landscape of norms and policies encompassing diverse and often competing interests, the primary focus of this analysis is on the copyright acquis, which may be optimised for the public’s enjoyment of digital culture. This article aims to establish connections between two EU copyright provisions: the Freedom of Panorama (FoP), a discretionary exception under Art. 5(3)(h) of the Directive on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (InfoSoc), allowing the reproduction of cultural goods visible from public places, and the reproduction of visual artworks in the public domain under Art. 14 of the Directive on copyright in the digital single market (CDSMD). Through a comparative analysis of how certain Member States have implemented these provisions, this article proposes potential paths for a balanced and thoughtful assessment of the interests related to digital cultural heritage that should lead to advancing the right to culture. While it would be wise to consider a supra-national legislative intervention that mandates the FoP exception, Member States should at the same time uphold the scope of Art. 14 of CDSMD, especially when it might be pre-empted by other regulations, such as those governing cultural heritage. By examining the foundations of these two provisions and seeking their nuanced interpretation, the authors anticipate the coexistence of a vital component of the EU right to culture, while acknowledging that the journey toward its comprehensive realization is far from over.

Analysis of the Path of Art Education in Township Primary Schools Based on ARCS Motivation Model: Example of Yangchun Root-Carving Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guangdong Province

This study cites the ARCS motivation model theory framework and takes the Second Primary School in Chuncheng Street, Yangchun, Guangdong Province, as the research object. The root-carving of intangible cultural heritage is integrated into the art classroom of township primary schools for experimental teaching, supplemented by a questionnaire survey method for sampling investigation. Research has found that current students have a limited understanding of the roots of intangible cultural heritage. However, creating root-carving art works in the form of calligraphy, allowing students to use clay instead of carving and shaping methods, and experiencing the charm of root-carving intangible cultural heritage can effectively increase learning interest, improve hands-on production ability, and improve creative expression ability. This study suggests that the integration of the root-carving of intangible cultural heritage calligraphy forms into art teaching methods still has certain limitations. Therefore, teaching optimization strategies are proposed, including improving teachers' knowledge and skills in root-carving intangible cultural heritage culture; carrying out resource sharing through O2O service models for schools and local cultural centers; adopting flexible and diverse teaching methods to cultivate students' interest in intangible cultural heritage; and expanding the content of primary school art textbooks.

A Study on the Classification System and Preservation Management of Catholic Moveable Cultural Heritage

This study conducted various surveys on Catholic Movable Cultural Heritage to understand the perception of them, and to investigate and analyze their types, characteristics, and conservation management status. It was determined that the risk of damage and loss is high due to the management status of practitioners who are non-professionals in the field of cultural heritage and the existing guidelines that are not effective. In addition, we identified the uniformity of materials and the period characteristics of the modern era, as most of the items are liturgical items made according to the norms. In consideration of this, we proposed a new classification system that lists the subcatagory’s items and materials corresponding to each item, a management card with improved nomenclature and detailed information fields, and concrete and tangible instructions to make it easier for non-professional practitioners to access. As the number of Catholic Movable Cultural Heritage is expected to increase in the future, the need for conservation and management and related research is expected to be actively conducted, and this study is expected to increase the interest in Catholic Movable Cultural Heritage and serve as a basis for further research.

음악 문화유산 교육을 위한 에듀테크 기반의 수업 전략

The purpose of this study is to propose teaching strategies based on various edutech that can be applied to music cultural heritage education. To achieve this, we examined the music cultural heritage included in music textbooks and developed a curriculum plan for different class levels and lessons. We designed a total of 6 lessons for elementary school students in grades 5 and 6, actively incorporating the use of educational technology tools in each lesson. Based on the content structure and achievement criteria outlined in the curriculum, we established four stages: Developing an Interest in Music Cultural Heritage, Researching, Expressing, and Presenting and Sharing. In the ‘Developing an Interest’ stage, real-time opinion gathering tools and quiz-based edutech tools were employed to stimulate motivation. During the ‘Researching’ stage, applications were used to enable students to collect accurate and diverse information. For the ‘Expressing’ stage, we actively utilized book creators to facilitate cooperative learning. Lastly, in the ‘Presenting and Sharing’ stage, we recommended the use of edutech tools that allow real-time sharing of thoughts and feelings through multiple connections. Based on these stages, we confirmed the feasibility of implementing music cultural heritage education with the application of educational technology. We hope that this research will serve as a helpful resource for designing music cultural heritage lessons and inspire further exploration of diverse teaching methods.

A Review of Research on the Development of Cultural and Creative Products from the Perspective of "Intangible Cultural Heritage" Inheritance

Purpose: The development of cultural and inventive foodstuffs from the perspective of “ambiguous cultural heritage” has become the object of much study in recent years.
 
 Theoretical Framework: Elusive cultural heritage refers to the non-material aspects of culture, for example oral traditions, performing arts, societal exercises, rituals and festivals, that are passed down from generation to generation.
 
 Method: One of the main research focuses on this area is the role of cultural and inventive foodstuffs in promoting the preservation and transmission of elusive cultural heritage. Many scholars have argued that the marketing of cultural and inventive foodstuffs can serve as a way to increase public consciousness and interest in elusive cultural heritage and create economic opportunities for communities traditionally associated with such live out.
 
 Results: Elusive Cultural Heritage, also known as Elusive Cultural Heritage, is a distinct form of the most important cultural and historical resources in the world. Its importance to the world's history, culture, arts, fine arts, and cultural aesthetics is very important and unique. It is also an invaluable capital of culture and art of human society.
 
 Conclusions: In many cases, traditional knowledge found in a particular culture supports the self-identity of ethnic groups and allows members of these groups to embrace the distinctive characteristics of their culture. In this research review, we will discuss the development of cultural and inventive foodstuffs from the perspective of “ambiguous cultural heritage” inherited from previous research studies.

Essential Oils for the Conservation of Paper Items.

Archival documents and artworks stored in libraries frequently undergo degradative processes promoted by the so-called "biodeteriogens" that inhabit these places. A renewed interest in plant-derived products has arisen in those research groups focusing on cultural heritage preservation and looking for new and safe disinfection techniques. In this view, essential oils (EOs) and their volatile organic constituents are very appealing thanks to their versatility of action. A literature survey of the scientific publications involving EOs and/or their major constituents related to the conservation of paper items of cultural heritage interest is presented here, aiming to reveal benefits and limitations of such peculiar plant-derived compounds.

ECHOES OF DECLASSIFIED INTELLIGENCE SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHS: THEIR ROLE AND APPLICATION IN THE RESEARCH AND PRESERVATION OF CHINA’S BUILT VERNACULAR HERITAGE

Abstract. Vernacular architecture is constructed spontaneously and used by ordinary people, and they have been subject to constant modifications by changes in ownership, functions, and constructions according to people’s living demands. In the last two decades, many cases which were constructed in the traditional way and survived China’s overwhelming urbanization process have been listed in the preservation list with the increasing interest in cultural heritage. Regarding this type of heritage that is a result of multiple modifications, many restorations aim to recover the changed architecture to traditional formal integrity. Due to the rarity of detailed written or image references, some restorations become a kind of “creation” and fall into the cliché of stylistic restoration, which is posing an artificial risk to their historical values. Facing this difficulty, the authors turn to an important historical record - the DISP (declassified intelligence satellite photographs): since 1995, the US has declassified three batches of satellite photographs that were taken from the 1960s to the 1980s, before China’s great change in Reform and Opening Up, almost covering all of China. These photographs are an important historical photographic record of the territory as well as the vernacular architecture scattered on it. This paper uses two cases to illustrate the important role of these photographs in China’s built vernacular heritage: both as a reference to restoration and as a valuable source for historical research. The authors also discuss the prospect and limitations of this source.

Evaluation of the efficacy of micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging compared with light microscopy to investigate the anatomy of modern and ancient waterlogged wood

Light microscopy is the conventional method used to investigate wood anatomy, identify the wood taxon, and assess its conservation state. It generally requires the mechanical cut of thin sections from a sample to obtain informative images. When dealing with wooden artworks or ancient remains (e.g., archaeological waterlogged wood), it is important to avoid sample destruction. In this work the efficacy of micro-magnetic resonance imaging (μ-MRI) to investigate the anatomy of waterlogged wood is assessed in comparison with light microscopy. Images along the three anatomical directions (transverse, tangential and radial) of six modern wood species and one archaeological specimen of waterlogged wood (from the Neolithic site “La Marmotta”) were obtained both by μ-MRI and light microscopy. μ-MRI images were acquired virtually selecting 2D slices along the three wood anatomical directions. A 3D reconstruction was derived from 2D μ-MRI images. Conventional light microscopy histology was obtained by manually cutting thin sections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which high-resolution MR images and light microscopy images of the three anatomical directions of seven wood species are compared. The non-destructive μ-MRI approach allows to investigate the 2D and 3D topological organization of the whole waterlogged wood sample up to a resolution of 8 μm. Although the optical microscope attains higher image resolutions and remains superior in the observation of wood diagnostic characters, multi-parametric μ-MRI provides physiological investigation complementary to light microscopy, giving information concerning both a single section and the whole volume of the sample. The presented study may represent a starting point for further improvements of μ-MRI techniques applied to the non-destructive investigation of waterlogged wood samples, especially those of interest for cultural heritage.

Networks of Migrants’ Narratives: A Post-authentic Approach to Heritage Visualisation

Digital tools, technologies, and infrastructures have increasingly shaped how knowledge is understood, created, managed, maintained, and shared. In sectors such as cultural heritage, for example, curators and scholars now widely apply computer science approaches to their collections for tasks such as enriching content and providing users with visual access. Although there has been an increasing interest in critical digital visual design and cultural heritage, what still seems to be largely missing is a problematised and critical approach to the application of these techniques. Drawing on critical posthumanities, in this article I propose a new critical framework, the post-authentic framework to digital objects and cultural heritage. The framework advocates transparency and openness as well as the active and reflexive participation of the scholar/curator in the process of knowledge production. To exemplify how the post-authentic framework may be applied to digital research, I explore two use cases: critical visualisation design and critical digital heritage research. For the first use case, I examine the design choices for developing the tool DeXTER, an interactive visualisation app that allows users to explore enriched cultural heritage material interactively. I specifically emphasise the challenges facing product design, with a focus on visualising the ambiguities and uncertainties of Network Analysis and Sentiment Analysis. For the second use case, I explore the potential of DeXTER for testing hypotheses on large textual collections, for example by accessing the layers of meaning attached to referential entities. The use case is the Italian American labour movement from 1898 to 1936. The article concludes with key concepts and methods for applying the post-authentic framework to digital heritage practices and knowledge creation more widely.

Designing of the quest-tour itinerary «Early 19th century. German cultural heritage in Kharkiv»

Purpose. The continuous evolutionary change in consumer preferences encourages the travel business to continuously look for innovative forms and techniques to meet consumer demand. There is a growing demand in the travel, tourism and hospitality sector for unique, personalized and sustainable travel. In this regard, the search for creative solutions to create highly competitive travel and sightseeing products that take into account current trends in consumer preferences is relevant. One possible avenue in this context is the creation of cultural heritage tourism products. The purpose of this study is to improve approaches to the design of cultural heritage quest-tour itineraries and to test the recommendations developed.
 Results. Creative tourism plays an important role in developing and maintaining interest in cultural heritage. The creation of travel and sightseeing products based on a combination of the concepts of heritage tourism and creative tourism allows meeting the consumer demand for uniqueness, authenticity, personalization, creative involvement and self-development. It is this combination of modern, innovative types of travel and sightseeing that we consider most promising in terms of providing highly competitive, unique products. Quest-tour is a type of travel and sightseeing service, which can be successfully used in the creation of heritage tourism products in the context of modern trends of changing consumer preferences. Itinerary design techniques for heritage quest-tour should take into account the significance of the excursion sites in terms of presenting the atmosphere of the era in question; the degree of preservation of authentic excursion sites; and the amount of available factual material. In this study, we tested the technique of designing the quest-tour itinerary on the example of our developed quest-tour «Early 19th century. German cultural heritage in Kharkiv». According to the storyline, the quest-tour is about almost the earliest documented period of ethnic German life in Kharkiv.
 Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the improvement of the designing technique for quest-tours of cultural heritage on the basis of overlapping the concepts of heritage tourism and creative tourism.
 Practical value. The value of the study lies in the practical validation of the improved technique of designing heritage quest-tours, as well as the possibility of using the results in the practical activities of travel firms in the design of excursion products.

A bibliometric analysis of cultural heritage research in the humanities: The Web of Science as a tool of knowledge management

Substantial research on the topic of cultural heritage has been conducted over the past two decades. At the same time, the overall output volume of journals and citation metrics have become important parameters in assessing and ranking researchers’ performance. Even though the scholarly interest in cultural heritage has recently increased world-wide, a comprehensive analysis of the publication output volume and its correlation to the shift in the cultural heritage regime starting in 2003 is still lacking. The article aims to understand the role of Web of Science (WOS) as a tool of knowledge management in academia by drawing on the scholarly output volume, the patterns displayed by this volume, and the intellectual structure of cultural heritage research based on WOS-indexed journal articles. The data include 1843 journal articles published between 2003 and 2022 and indexed in the WOS Core Collection. The article draws on a bibliometric analysis by using WOS tools and employing VOSviewer software to map and visualize hidden patterns of research collaboration and avenues of knowledge progress. The cultural heritage research indexed in WOS was found to be Eurocentric, corresponding to the increasing funding provided by European national and supranational agencies for research funding. Although the indexed research has grown significantly, the bulk of studies on cultural heritage in WOS is concentrated in a reduced number of European institutions and countries, written by a small number of prolific authors, with relatively poor collaborative ties emerging across time between authors, institutions, and countries. The central themes reflect the development of digital technologies and increased participatory emphasis in cultural heritage care. This article brings new insights into the analysis of the cultural heritage research in correlation with the emergence of international heritage governance with new institutional actors, professional networks, and international agreements, which are all constitutive elements of scientific production. The article seeks to critically assess and discuss the results and the role of WOS as a tool of knowledge management in academia.

АВТОНОМНЫЙ РОБОТ ДЛЯ МОНИТОРИНГА НАЗЕМНЫХ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РАСКОПОК

The great interest in cultural heritage reflects a person's desire to know and understandtheir origins and achievements. However, archaeological sites, like the natural environment, arefinite non-renewable resources. Of all the types of heritage under threat, archaeological sites andtheir wealth of information and artifacts are the most threatened. In current practice, options forthe preservation of archaeological sites include reconstruction, reassembly (anastilesis), in situ conservation and protection, including shelter and/or tissue consolidation, ex situ preservation byrelocation, and reburial with or without site interpretation. her. However, it is very important notto move or lose artifacts during archaeological excavations. If they are lost or moved, their informationpotential is lost. In order to ensure constant control of the process of archaeological research,fixing the artifacts found, building a three-dimensional model of the object under studyand ensuring safety at the site, an excavation monitoring system has been developed, deployed onan autonomous robot. The objective of this study is the development of hardware and software forthe robot. The robot is a suspended platform for data collection, the movement of which is providedby several cables fixed on fixed supports. The movement of the platform (both in the plane andin height) is provided by changing the length of the cables. Such a movement scheme makes itpossible to move the platform in the entire plane of the triangle formed by the fixed supports, aswell as to descend or ascend to a height limited by the height of the supports themselves. The dataacquisition platform is a flat platform with a communication module, a microcontroller and abattery installed on it. A gyro stabilizer is attached to the bottom, with a video camera and arangefinder mounted on it, which allows you to dampen vibrations during the movement of theplatform and external disturbances. A multi-agent algorithm for the operation of the robot monitoringsystem during excavation is presented. A program has been developed for managing andcollecting data from the monitoring system of archaeological sites.To test the monitoring system, arobot prototype was made, which was tested during excavations of a complex of archaeologicalmonuments in the Baksan region of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

A KG-Based Integrated UAV Approach for Engineering Semantic Trajectories in the Cultural Heritage Documentation Domain

Data recordings of the movement of vehicles can be enriched with heterogeneous and multimodal data beyond latitude, longitude, and timestamp and enhanced with complementary segmentations, constituting a semantic trajectory. Semantic Web (SW) technologies have been extensively used for the semantic integration of heterogeneous and multimodal movement-related data, and for the effective modeling of semantic trajectories, in several domains. In this paper, we present an integrated solution for the engineering of cultural heritage semantic trajectories generated from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and represented as knowledge graphs (KGs). Particularly, this work is motivated by, and evaluated based on, the application domain of UAV missions for documenting regions/points of cultural heritage interest. In this context, this research work extends our previous work on UAV semantic trajectories, contributing (a) an updated methodology for the engineering of semantic trajectories as KGs (STaKG), (b) an implemented toolset for the management of KG-based semantic trajectories, (c) a refined ontology for the representation of knowledge related to UAV semantic trajectories and to cultural heritage documentation, and (d) the application and evaluation of the proposed methodology, the developed toolset, and the ontology within the domain of UAV-based cultural heritage documentation. The evaluation of the integrated UAV solution was achieved by exploiting real datasets collected during three UAV missions to document sites of cultural interest in Lesvos, Greece, i.e., the UNESCO-protected petrified forest of Lesvos Petrified Forest/Geopark, the village of Vrissa, and University Hill.

Suzbijanje nezakonite trgovine kulturnim dobrima

The criminal offences regarding cultural property include qualified forms of criminal offences and hard and rigorous sanctions. The public prosecutor, who manages preinvestigation proceedings and conducts investigations, and police should work urgent, so it is necessary to finish the forensic examination of the criminal place, to find all marks and objects, which may serve as evidences, post a wanted circular for a person and objects being searched for, in order to identify the perpetrators. In case when these types of crimes are committed by the organized criminal groups, public prosecutor in coordination with the police makes actions and special evidenciary actions, such as covert interception of communications, covert surveillance and audio and video recording, controlled delivery, undercover investigator and simulated deals. Bearing in mind that in practice there isn't significant number of criminal complaints submitted to the competent public prosecutor for crimes which objects are criminal goods, this situation can be consequence of several reasons, for example: some of these crimes are not recognized and perpetrators are not identified, some of these crimes are not reported to the competent authority, digitalization and modernization of the museums and libraries insure better protection of cultural property, small number of tax administration officers and police officers, who deal with this crimes, lack of technical capacities, lack of seminars and projects which have the aim to prevent these crimes and to improve the significance of cultural heritage for civilization. No matter of all these difficultes, public interest for cultural heritage exists because of the fact that cultural heritage makes the base of identification of one population who lived in certain local place. Insuring care of cultural heritage is primary interest of every state. In case that someone steals cultural property, or it becomes the object of illicit traffic, forging the documents of origin or undertaking actions of vandalism against cultural goods it is important to exist guarantees of efficient fulfilling actions and measures of competent authorities, urgent taking actions and to insure that qualified professionals work in this field. Adequate mechanisms for good and reliable cooperation and connection of competent authorities for identifying cultural goods, revealing the crimes and locating the cultural properties are conditions for success of criminal proceedings.

Digital Protection and Utilization of Architectural Heritage Using Knowledge Visualization

Architectural heritage is a lively carrier of historical development, as well as providing a valuable resource for human society. Recently, however, the longevity of architectural heritage has been influenced and even threatened by natural and human factors. Furthermore, the future remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a comprehensive method, namely, digital protection and utilization based on knowledge visualization (DPUKV), to protect and utilize architectural heritage. The most important problem to solve involves transforming digital protection data into a digital inheritance culture. We constructed a technical framework of knowledge acquisition, knowledge reconstruction, knowledge innovation, and knowledge management using qualitative and vertical methods to form hierarchical digital resources of architectural heritage. In particular, the knowledge reconstruction converted tacit knowledge of architectural heritage into explicit knowledge via visualization technology, providing research materials for more scholars. In knowledge innovation, architectural heritage culture was excavated and inherited through knowledge graphs, digital displays, and cultural creation with virtual reality, augmented reality, etc. Furthermore, this method was validated over four years via architectural heritage in China as case studies. In this paper, the buildings of Qinglian Temple in Shanxi, China, are discussed in detail as a case study. The results indicated that this method was effective for preserving architectural heritage and is suitable for other cultural heritage. It is also helpful to improve the public’s protection of and interest in cultural heritage, especially architectural heritage.