Interdisciplinary Comparison Research Articles

ТЕХНИКА ҒЫЛЫМДАРЫ ТЕРМИНЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ЛИНГВИСТИКАЛЫҚ СИПАТЫ

The article is devoted to the linguistic description of the terminological system of technical sciences, namely the branches of mechanics and mechanical engineering, which provided for the classification of terms of these industries in terms of type and content (structural and semantic), analysis of the process of their terminologization. In the course of the study, the ways of creating terms in the field of technology in general were highlighted, and the process of naming new concepts that have arisen in the field of science and technology was grouped by stages. The article defines the following features of the terminology of the branches of mechanics and mechanical engineering: the synthetic (morphological) method is intensively used, that is, the creation of a term using suffixes; the composition of terms created by the analytical (syntactic) method is diverse; such types of analistic (syntactic) method as word composition and word combination are often used; terms formed by word combinations, they are based on the method of structural, semantic and syntactic calculus from the Russian language; terminological names created by the lexico-semantic (conversion) method arise as a result of the expansion of the meaning of the original words of the Kazakh language through metaphorical use based on national cognition; in these dictionaries there are different types of use of variants; such uses are due to various linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Methods of selection, systematization, classification into lexico-semantic groups, structural (morphemic) analysis, description, structural-semantic grouping, component analysis, synchronous analysis, deductive and inductive analysis, linguistic interpretation, interdisciplinary comparison, comparison were used in the course of the study. The results of the article contribute to the improvement of scientific-theoretical, applied-practical and methodological foundations for the development of the terminological system of branches of technical sciences and the terminological fund of the Kazakh language as a whole, that is, the study is valuable for writing scientific research, compiling various dictionaries (registry, explanatory, etc.), compiling various methodological guidelines for terminological work, organizing courses advanced training of specialists in the branches of technical sciences, teaching staff, journalists, lectures on terminology in higher educational institutions.

Working animal’s welfare in antiquity. An interdisciplinary comparison of ancient horse breeding and training methods, as well as historical equipment, with modern horse welfare research results

Working animals, the method of their breeding, preparation for work and equipment related to their use, are inextricably linked with production and trade around the world from prehistoric times to the present day. Typically, archaeological research focus on analysing the effects of human-animal cooperation, not the breeding and training process itself. The article presents an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, combining the analysis of ancient texts, obtained through excavations, elements of the horse tack, as well as the effects of the work of reenactors with the approach to animals presented by modern animal psychologists and trainers and their research on the welfare of working horses. The first part focuses on the comparison of ancient texts with current guidelines regarding the handling of farm animals and the principles of natural training methods. The second part of the is devoted to the comparison of the construction of Scythian, Roman and Medieval saddles with modern saddles, as well as the results of a meta-analysis of research on the pressure exerted on the horse's back by various types of saddles. The presented analysis was performed using the ANOVA method. The indicators used in it were the pressure force of the saddle on the back, measured in kPa, by the mat system Novel GmbH, Novel Electronic and Pliance-X System, as well as the presence of sweat stains on the back under the saddle. The obtained values were compared with known pain scales in order to identify the saddle exerting the least harmful pressure on the horse's back.

An interdisciplinary comparison between artistic and juridical phenomena

This article aims to analyze the interdisciplinarity between the artistic and legal phenomenon. Within this topic, the potentialization of Art and Law are exposed, since, together, they can present a tool that goes beyond artistic entertainment and legal dogmatics, therefore, conferences and analogies will be made between the studied objects. Through Art, some concepts will be addressed and conceptualized, they are: logopathic understanding and the “image-concept”, artistic themes that are linked with filmic language. The contextualization of both concepts takes place through the use of cinema in Varguista propaganda. At the end of the article, there is a resumption of the interdisciplinary analysis between artistic and legal phenomena under the bias of Aristotle’s Poetics, work responsible for exploring the representation of reality through two concepts that the philosopher called: Mimesis and Catharsis. Other authors from the field of Politics, Communication and Language will be mobilized to achieve the respective objective of the article.

UNIVERSALISING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF NAVAL FORCES

It is impossible to study the development of the legal regulation of naval forces without analysing the supranational legal component. Although the law of the sea, as defined above, has traditionally had an international private and public legal dimension, the relevant sources have for a long time been primarily customary and concerned primarily the commercial exploitation of the sea and merchant shipping. All references to the maritime power of states and their rights at sea in this dimension did not concern aspects of the specificities of military activity at sea. In fact, both normative references and doctrinal reflections on international, supranational standards of naval activity only began to emerge in the nineteenth century. The purpose of the article is to define the legal acts for the administrative regulation of the naval forces and to formulate approaches to universalising their definition based on the ontology of holistic approaches to legal regulation and doctrine making. Methodology. This study applies the methodology of interdisciplinary comparison, methods of content analysis and integration of heterogeneous features into the system, which allowed to obtain a new scientific approach, namely to characterise the legal regulation of naval forces in the context of its universalisation and to consider the formation of maritime policy in the future, including the national one. The main impetus for the development of holistic approaches to this type of activity should be seen in the adoption of bilateral and collective intergovernmental agreements on maritime issues, in particular. In particular, it is possible to refer to the documents that initiated the standardisation of the treatment of neutral and enemy ships at sea, which can be traced back to 1780. In addition, military and legal practice, especially in the context of the Black Sea Straits regime, has repeatedly raised the issue of determining the criteria for the affiliation of a particular ship to the navy. In the course of the nineteenth century, a significant number of bilateral treaties regulating aspects of naval cooperation were developed, taking into account the practice of national unilateral acts and decisions of courts martial and tribunals, and then became the subject of research by relevant scholars who were closely involved in naval practice and, at the same time, in the formation of norms. Results. The author concludes that at the supranational level, the issues of regulating the activities of naval forces have been traced in the treaty dimension since the late eighteenth century, primarily in the concepts of sovereignty, prohibition of privateering and prosecution of piracy, and restrictions on the activities of naval forces in certain areas. The unregulated nature of a number of aspects of supranational naval activities, notably the right of entry to foreign ports, the procedure for stopping and inspecting foreign merchant ships at sea, and the limits of the powers of foreign coastal authorities over a warship, has led to an active search for appropriate acceptable international customs and attempts to substantiate them with legal doctrine based on national statutes and the established practice of maritime states. The development of the relevant legislation is still in progress and is far from being completed, given the challenges of Ukrainian naval doctrine and the level of implementation and incorporation of international and foreign experience. In this regard, the naval policy in its internal and external dimensions is of particular importance, which is regulated both by national acts of an administrative and legal nature and by international legal sources of various origins.

Relativity and normativity as a challenge of subject- matter teaching and learning

Abstract In a plural and democratic society teaching challenges not only arise from the conditionality and perspectivity of knowledge, convictions and value systems, but also from a postfactual thinking. Questions of how to deal with one’s own subject-specific norms are sometimes pushed into the background in academic subject didactics. The article shows the potential of interdisciplinary comparison by using the example of classroom communication norms within different disciplines with strong subject cultures. An exchange regarding relativity and normativity could profile the subject-specificity of knowledge and knowledge communication as a necessary orientation against simplification and disambiguation for teachers and students in an uncertain world.

Evaluation of the National Institutes of Health–Supported Relative Citation Ratio Among Fellowship-Trained American Orthopaedic Joint Reconstruction Surgery Faculty: A New Bibliometric Measure of Scientific Influence

BackgroundThe relative citation ratio (RCR), a novel National Institutes of Health–Supported measure of research productivity, allows for accurate interdisciplinary comparison of publication influence. This study evaluates the RCR of fellowship-trained adult reconstructive orthopaedic surgeons with the goal of analyzing potentially influential physician demographics. MethodsAdult Reconstruction Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education fellowship-trained faculty for orthopaedic residency programs were identified via departmental websites. The National Institutes of Health’s iCite database was retrospectively reviewed for mean RCR, weighted RCR, and publication count by surgeon. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and analyses of variance testing to compare sex, career length, academic rank, and professional degrees in addition to an MD or DO. Significance was considered P < .05. ResultsA total of 488 fellowship-trained adult reconstruction faculty from 144 programs were included in the analysis. Overall, the faculty recorded a median RCR of 1.65 (interquartile range: 1.01-2.28) and a median weighted RCR of 16.59 (interquartile range: 3.98-61.92). The weighted RCR and total number of publications were associated with academic rank and career longevity, while the mean RCR was associated with academic rank. The median RCR ranged from 1.12 to 1.87 for all subgroups. ConclusionAdult reconstruction faculty are exceptionally productive and generate highly impactful studies as evidenced by the high median RCR value relative to the National Institutes of Health standard value of 1.0. Our data have important implications in the assessment of grant outcomes, promotion, and continued evaluation of research influence within the hip and knee community.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS

The purpose of the study is to determine the approaches to the concept of social activity on the basis of theoretical interdisciplinary analysis, to reveal the importance of the formation of social activity in student youth. Research methods: interdisciplinary analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison and generalization - to determine the content of the concept of social activity of student youth. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the concept of «social activity» in the following areas: philosophy, psychology, social work (social pedagogy), sociology, pedagogy - the result of which is summarized in the table. The concept of "student youth" is analyzed and 4 approaches to this concept are suggested by A. Murzin and N. Solodyuk. The relevance of the formation of social activity in the student youth, as a significant part of society, which has an impact on the state-making processes is investigated. The statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Student youth as a social group is a separate sphere of society with its own peculiarities, which only confirms the importance of studying the formation of social activity in this target group. The article considers volunteer activity as a component of social activity. Presented the project "Online School of Volunteering for Students", which was developed as part of the Winter School of Young Scientists of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the British Council project «Active Citizens» in cooperation with the CS «International Foundation for Development». The project was developed by an interdisciplinary, nationwide team of experts. 10 themes of interactive lessons - that are divided into 5 blocks and focus on the topic of volunteering and social activities - are described. The basics of volunteer activities, proper and effective communication with customers, as well as information on working in communities is presented. Attention is paid to emotional sensitivity and the topic of resolving conflict situations is addressed. We believe that the prospect of further research is the implementation of thematic interactive classes with elements of training in institutions of higher education, to increase social activity and to provide students with relevant information on volunteer activities and their effective implementation.

Conversations about Hard and Soft Lex Bioetica in the Context of Grand Challenges of the External Environment

The paper is the result of a multidimensional comparative study of the ratio of hard to soft Lex Bioetica application on the modern legal map of the world. In terms of methodology, the study was based on both general and special methods of cognition. The formulation of the doctrinal approaches to the issue of Lex Bioеtica would be impossible without a comparative analysis carried out within the framework of interdisciplinary (comparison of the legal doctrine with the related spheres of knowledge, such as philosophy and sociology), cross-branch (comparative analysis of the approaches used in comparative law, philosophy and theory of law as well as in branch legal disciplines), cross-border (comparison of different national legal systems with each other and with international law provisions), as well as chronological (historical comparative analysis) approaches. Application of the sociological method and the legal modeling method allowed identifying the social foundations of Lex Bioеtica evolution existing in the global legal practice, and outlining the potential ways for the reform of the Russian system in this regard. The study also relied on synergistic research. The synergistic method allowed modelling the evolutionary picture of Lex Bioetica on the legal map of the world. The general conclusion with regard to the evolution of Lex Bioetica in Russia is presented in the form of a scientifically substantiated thesis stating that, in addition to developing Lex Bioetica at the integration level of cooperation (primarily in the Eurasian space), the Russian Federation needs to bring the bioethics-related discourse to the level of hard Lex Bioetica.

ИНСТИТУТЫ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОСТИ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ И АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОЙ ПРЕЮДИЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РОССИЙСКОМ УГОЛОВНОМ ПРАВЕ

Despite the legislator is step by step expanding the number of bodies of a crime with the sign of administrative prejudice, up to the present, the General part of the RF Criminal Code does not define administrative prejudice. It leads to the fact that the Special part of the RF Criminal Code formulates the administrative prejudice features in the bodies of crimes in different ways. In particular, only some of the bodies of crimes contain the duplicity feature as an administrative prejudice element. Within this investigation, the author considers as well the other criminal law institution – multiple crimes. It is caused by the fact that collaterally with the administrative prejudice, the liability for persons previously convicted for identical and (or) similar actions starts to be introduced. It speaks for both the reappearance of liability for special recidivism and the introduction of the criminal law category not covered by this concept. To identify the problems related to the structure of bodies of crimes with indicated signs and specify the ways for their solution, the author carried out the interdisciplinary comparison of norms of criminal and administrative legislation, analyzed doctrinal points of view, explained the position of the executor of law represented by the supreme judicial authorities, and investigated a draft law on the amendments in the RF Criminal Code. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the Special part of the RF Criminal Code formulates the administrative prejudice signs in the bodies of crimes in different ways. It complicates the correct interpretation of specified criminal law norms. Moreover, the author considers incorrect the structure of part 1 of Art. 284.1 of the RF Criminal Code, which contains both the sign of administrative prejudice and the sign of conviction for identical action. The position of the RF Government expressed in draft law No. 536-8 on the amendments in Art. 116.1 of the RF Criminal Code calls for comments as well.

Interdisciplinary Comparison of Innovation Processes – Differences, Similarities and Spillovers

Innovation processes are of tremendous importance for economic development as they transform new ideas into products and services from which society can benefit. Different industries developed and further-developed unique innovation processes optimally fitting their specific demands. However, several aspects are be relevant to other industries, too, and their imitation could enable innovation process improvements. In this paper we perform an interdisciplinary comparison of innovation processes to identify such general tendencies as well as novel aspects that could spill over to other industries’ innovation processes.

Diagnostic Activities and Diagnostic Practices in Medical Education and Teacher Education: An Interdisciplinary Comparison.

In this article, we investigate diagnostic activities and diagnostic practices in medical education and teacher education. Previous studies have tended to focus on comparing knowledge between disciplines, but such an approach is complicated due to the content specificity of knowledge. We compared 142 learners from medical education and 122 learners from teacher education who were asked to (a) diagnose eight simulated cases from their respective discipline in a simulation-based learning environment and (b) write a justificatory report for each simulated case. We coded all justificatory reports regarding four diagnostic activities: generating hypotheses, generating evidence, evaluating evidence, and drawing conclusions. Moreover, using the method of Epistemic Network Analysis, we operationalized diagnostic practices as the relative frequencies of co-occurring diagnostic activities. We found significant differences between learners from medical education and teacher education with respect to both their diagnostic activities and diagnostic practices. Learners from medical education put relatively more emphasis on generating hypotheses and drawing conclusions, therefore applying a more hypothesis-driven approach. By contrast, learners in teacher education had a stronger focus on generating and evaluating evidence, indicating a more data-driven approach. The results may be explained by different epistemic ideals and standards taught in higher education. Further research on the issue of epistemic ideals and standards in diagnosing is needed. Moreover, we recommend that educators think beyond individuals’ knowledge and implement measures to systematically teach and increase the awareness of disciplinary standards.

The HF-rating as a universal complement to the h-index

Interdisciplinary comparison has been a constant objective of bibliometrics. The well-known h-index and its alternatives have not achieved this objective. Based on the gh-rating or ghent-rating, a categorization of academic articles into tiers of publications within similar citations ranges, a new ratio is proposed, the high fame hf-ratio. This ratio is calculated as the adjusted average of the weighted factors of the researchers’ best articles; it leads to an associated rating also designated by the symbols AAA, AA, A, BBB, B, C, D, … etc. comparable to financial ratings such as Moody’s and S&P ratings. Adding this rating to the h-index forms the high fame HF-rating. The HF-rating provides the average grade of a researcher’s best papers benchmarked in their field. This new HF-rating induces some qualitative elements in the evaluation of research, includes more selectivity and mitigates between classic h-indices. This universal HF-rating complements the well-known h-index with a relative indication of its influence in its field that also allows inter-field comparison. The methodology is illustrated with examples of researchers from different disciplines with different distributions of citations.

An interdisciplinary comparison of sequence modeling methods for next-element prediction

Data of sequential nature arise in many application domains in the form of, e.g., textual data, DNA sequences, and software execution traces. Different research disciplines have developed methods to learn sequence models from such datasets: (i) In the machine learning field methods such as (hidden) Markov models and recurrent neural networks have been developed and successfully applied to a wide range of tasks, (ii) in process mining process discovery methods aim to generate human-interpretable descriptive models, and (iii) in the grammar inference field the focus is on finding descriptive models in the form of formal grammars. Despite their different focuses, these fields share a common goal: learning a model that accurately captures the sequential behavior in the underlying data. Those sequence models are generative, i.e., they are able to predict what elements are likely to occur after a given incomplete sequence. So far, these fields have developed mainly in isolation from each other and no comparison exists. This paper presents an interdisciplinary experimental evaluation that compares sequence modeling methods on the task of next-element prediction on four real-life sequence datasets. The results indicate that machine learning methods, which generally do not aim at model interpretability, tend to outperform methods from the process mining and grammar inference fields in terms of accuracy.

ドイツ・北欧と日本の「夏」の気候と季節感の違いに注目した気候と音楽の学際的連携 （ESD的視点を取り込んだ大学での授業開発）

ドイツ・北欧と日本の「夏」の気候と季節感の違いに注目した気候と音楽の学際的連携 （ESD的視点を取り込んだ大学での授業開発）

Comparison as Collaboration: Notes on the Contemporary Craft of Hagiology

A workshop on “comparative hagiology” over the course of three years at the American Academy of Religion has yielded not only a series of articles but an experimental methodology by which scholars hailing from different disciplines and working in different fields might collaborate in threshing out commonalities and entanglements in their respective treatments of holy figures. This article’s response to the workshop identifies three pillars of general consensus among the participants that serve as promising footholds for aligned innovation in our respective fields: That hagiography (1) is constituted not only in verbal texts but in a wide array of media, both material and ephemeral; (2) is best interpreted by attending substantially to the “processes” of thought, life, and society in which it is rendered; and (3) opens possibilities of cross-cultural and interdisciplinary comparison by way of the many family resemblances in how saints (or more broadly, religious and even para-religious exemplars) are rendered in transmittable media and mobilized for a particular group’s benefit. The article concludes by suggesting vectors for further development on these grounds, indicating how the category of “hagiography” affords a resource for interpreting unauthorized and apparently irreligious phenomena akin to sanctification, and calling for a professional and pedagogical ethic of collaboration that extends beyond any particular scholarly fruits of hagiological comparison.

Citation patterns in economics and beyond.

In this paper we comparatively explore three claims concerning the disciplinary character of economics by means of citation analysis. The three claims under study are: (1) economics exhibits strong forms of institutional stratification and, as a byproduct, a rather pronounced internal hierarchy; (2) economists strongly conform to institutional incentives; and (3) modern mainstream economics is a largely self-referential intellectual project mostly inaccessible to disciplinary or paradigmatic outsiders. The validity of these claims is assessed by means of an interdisciplinary comparison of citation patterns aiming to identify peculiar characteristics of economic discourse. In doing so, we emphasize that citation data can always be interpreted in different ways, thereby focusing on the contrast between a "cognitive" and an "evaluative" approach towards citation data.

Variations in the Citation Use and Perceptions in Writing the Literature Review by EFL Postgraduates

Academically, citation is pivotal since it presents justifications for the arguments and a demonstration of the writer’s position. Despite the increasing number of studies on citations, little knowledge has been reported regarding the citation use and practices of EFL students within the ESL context. Hence, the present study aimed at investigating the extent of variation in the citation practices in the literature review of PhD theses in Applied Linguistics and Information Technology. The study analysed the citations qualitatively focusing mainly on several aspects, including using types of citations, the variety of the citations based on the type of the clauses in each citation, and the perspectives of EFL Arab postgraduates on using citations. A purposeful sampling was adopted in selecting the literature review of 20 PhD theses and nine EFL Arab candidates of Applied Linguistics and Information Technology. The results show the dominance of the integral citation in the literature review of Applied Linguistics and Information technology. The inter-disciplinary comparison also reported similarity in terms of the high frequency of using citations with clauses complexes. The discourse-based interviews revealed that EFL Arab postgraduates depended on the integral citation to highlight ideas, attract the reader’s attention, affirm the credibility of the cited information, and refer to the type of the information. The little available information on using citations and the possible effect of their native language may lead EFL Arab postgraduates to have their own strategies regarding citations use. Consequently, EFL postgraduate students probably need explicit instructions on the use of citations.

Interdisciplinary Comparison of Endoscopic Laser-Assisted Diverticulotomy vs. Transcervical Myotomy as a Treatment for Zenker’s Diverticulum

BackgroundCurrently, there are different competing techniques for the treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD). To improve patient selection, we compared endoscopic laser-assisted diverticulotomy (ELAD) with transcervical myotomy (TCM) with regard to possible risk factors for treatment failure. MethodsData of ZD patients (n = 104) treated between 2004 and 2016 with either TCM (38%) or ELAD (62%) were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. ResultsTCM is associated with a higher morbidity (27.8% vs. 10.2%; p = 0.095) but lower recurrence rate (7.3% vs. 19.3%; p = 0.095). Preoperative reflux disease (OR 8.755; p = 0.021) was identified as an independent risk factor for complications. ConclusionsAlthough short-term outcome and symptom relief are similar, TCM tends to have a higher complication rate but better long-term results. Preoperative reflux disease is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications.

Interdisciplinary Comparison of the Index of Social Well-being of the Russian Population with Economic Indicators (Based on the Example of Republic of Tatarstan)

Based on the monitoring of population-based surveys of representative samples of data and economic analysis, the article presents the results of a multidisciplinary comparison of socio-economic indicators with the index of social well-being of Russians based on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results showed that in spite of the fact that current economic situation evaluation index in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period from November 2012 to November 2013 increased by more than a third (34.3 percent), the real economic indicators have recorded only a slight increase in selected industries and regional economic development index has decreased by 2.77 percent. Overall, according to perception surveys taken in the period from November 2012 to November 2013 concerning changes in economic situation and in personal welfare, people of Tatarstan are more optimistic than the actual economic changes. The changes in the economy are evaluated more positively than changes in personal welfare. Nevertheless, objective indicators suggest otherwise: economic growth is observed only in some sectors of the economy with negative growth in the composite index of economic development of the region (-2,77%), while growth of incomes of the population amounted to an average of +10.83%. Such dissonance between the subjective and objective assessments can be linked to many interdependent factors: first, public opinion and the subjective perception of the economic situation of the population in particular, has a catch-up character – it usually lags behind the real economic situation; secondly, the positive perception of the economic situation can be fabricated by the media in the interests of the ruling elite and private corporations; thirdly, the positive perception of micro-situation in the economy can be imposed by a high assessment of the current personal situation (growth of incomes and well-being of the population).

Revisiting implementation theory: An interdisciplinary comparison between urban planning and healthcare implementation research

Implementation remains a somewhat neglected dimension within urban planning research after a surge of interest during the 1960s and 1970s in contrast to related cognitive disciplines, particularly healthcare research which has seemingly grappled with the phenomenon with more gusto. Here, we assess the state of urban planning implementation science and compare these efforts with healthcare frameworks explaining implementation to ascertain what new insights can be gleaned on how we investigate the phenomenon.