Interdependent Processes Research Articles

Psychophysiological stress response, emotion dysregulation and sleep parameters as predictors of psychopathology in adolescents and young adults.

Increased emotional reactivity to stress, emotional dysregulation and sleep disturbances are interdependent trans-diagnostic processes that are present in internalising disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. This study investigated which objective and subjective parameters of stress reactivity, sleep and emotional processing would predict symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults. Participants were adolescents and young adults between the ages of 14 to 21 (N = 106, 25[24 %] male, M age = 17.93). Heart rate, heart rate variability, and subjective stress levels were measured before, during and after a stress induction using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Questionnaires on internalising symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and sleep quality were used. For seven consecutive nights, objective sleep parameters were measured with a wearable device. Heart rate and heart rate variability after (but not during) the stress induction and emotion dysregulation predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lower subjective sleep quality (but not the objective sleep parameters) was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional design, no measurement of daily activity or naps, and only self-report measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as emotion dysregulation. The findings of elevated cardiovascular activation after - but not during - the stress induction and emotion dysregulation underlines problems in regulating and recovering from stress as predictors of youth internalising psychopathology. Differences between subjective and objective measures of sleep and stress reactivity suggests a role of cognitive biases in these domains.

Boundary work in times of deterrence: emotionalisation, interdependence and inequality at the interfaces between refugees, state and civil society

ABSTRACT The Danish Parliament has increased legal measures to deter asylum seekers from heading to Denmark. Since 2019 all residence permits are granted ‘with a view to temporary residence’, while the criteria for meeting the requirements for permanent stay have been raised. The focus on integrating newcomers has been subordinated to objectives of deterrence and return, placing refugees with temporary residence in Denmark under conditions of deportability. Drawing on critical border and migration studies, this paper explores how deterrence is produced politically and negotiated in local practice. To understand the challenged relations between refugees, volunteers and municipal caseworkers in a context of restrictive legislation and hyper-precarious conditions, we propose a new conceptual approach theorising these changing dynamics, as different practices of ‘boundary work’. Based on fieldwork in three Danish localities (2021–2023), we scrutinise the lived experiences of deterrence by focusing on the boundary work of refugees, as well as of volunteers and caseworkers in the new self-sufficiency and return policy context. We thereby show how interdependence, inequality and emotionalisation processes are reinforced at the interfaces between all three groups. The wider scope of the analysis, we argue, is that these boundary work practices are induced by deterrence policies.

Plan de Mejora en la Unidad Educativa “Cardenal Richard Cushing”

Educational auditing and counselling are formal and interdependent processes that foster continuous improvement within educational processes. Auditing monitors and evaluates pedagogical and management processes based on national educational standards. At the same time, counselling is a technical action of a professional nature whose main function is to guide institutional management. In order to achieve educational excellence in the "Cardinal Richard Cushing" school, we proposed the design of an improvement plan to optimize the management of educational processes based on the evaluation of educational quality standards. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative approach and action-research methodological design were used. The main results indicate that the institution has an organizational culture oriented towards quality, however, a small percentage of standards requires further analysis to suggest improvement actions that are aligned with this organizational culture.

Family Tourist Emotional Experience: Emotion-Generative and Regulatory Process

Family tourism has received much scholarly attention, but few studies have examined family tourists’ experience by viewing them as active agents that generate and regulate emotions. This study aims to disclose family tourists’ dynamic emotional experiences through probing into their emotion generative and regulatory process. An extended Chinese family taking a 6-day overseas trip was recruited and each member was interviewed multiple times throughout the pre-, during- (assisted by participatory observation and psychophysiological data), and post-trip phrases. The family tourists reported 64 emotional episodes, 32 discrete emotions, and 13 emotion regulation strategies. Their emotion-generation and regulation were revealed as an interdependent and cyclical cognitive appraisal process that occurs in complex social settings. The proposed psychological mechanism model contributes to tourism and psychological literature by highlighting the dynamic and social nature of family tourists’ emotions, and the role of memory in their emotion dynamics. Future research directions on family tourists’ emotion regulation are suggested.

Disability justice and collective access to labour and delivery care: a qualitative study

BackgroundPeople with disabilities experience perinatal health disparities. This qualitative study examines disabled people’s experiences of labour and delivery care from a disability justice lens.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted between July 2019 and February 2020 with 31 women and transgender people aged 18–45 years with physical, sensory, and/or intellectual/developmental disabilities, who were living in in Ontario, Canada and had given birth in the previous five years.ResultsPeople with disabilities described negative experiences of provider-driven, disrespectful, and discriminatory labour and delivery care that can be interpreted as examples of disability injustice and obstetric ableism. People with disabilities also described positive experiences of collaborative, respectful, and disability-affirming labour and delivery care that can be interpreted as examples of disability justice, facilitated by what feminist disability justice scholars and activists call collective access.ConclusionsCollective access to labour and delivery care can improve perinatal health care for people with disabilities and promote disability justice. Reimagining care-related decision-making as an interdependent, collaborative, respectful, and disability-affirming process shared between patients and providers can help to facilitate collective access to labour and delivery care.

Connecting and Parzelled Constructions Located After The Full Stop as a United Structural-Semantic Formation of the Russian Language

Such means of expressive syntax as connecting and parceled constructions were discussed in the article. Discussion questions were presented. In particular, the issue of the proximity of adjunction and parcellation, the status of adjunct constructions located outside the main sentence after the period, was considered. Using methods of description, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, the author offers an original understanding of the essence of connecting and parceled structures. They are still interpreted ambiguously in the linguistic literature. Much attention is paid to the criteria for their delimitation and analysis of the famous postulate of V.V. Babaytseva. Contrary to the opinion of the professor and her supporters, the author is convinced that there is no annexation without dismemberment and, conversely, dismemberment without annexation. These are interdependent processes that cannot exist one without the other. The author believes that the formation of parceled structures takes place in four stages, which are determined by short, intensive procedural actions. In the composition of parceled structures, as research shows, two varieties are clearly visible: a) parceled structures and b) parceled connecting structures. The scientific value of the work lies in the proof of the closeness of connecting and parceled constructions, supported by both the methods of their formation and semantics. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to analyze specific language material, including in the process of teaching Russian language to students at Kazakh universities. The conclusion that connecting and parceled constructions located outside the main sentence, after a period, should be considered as a single structural-semantic formation of the Russian language was made.

Leadership as a competition to influence and change contemporary societies

In the context of European identity, leaders often become symbols of movements for social change, and the promise of change takes a central place in election campaigns and political rhetoric. Although the discussion of leadership is less present in social psychology in the context of social change, understanding the intersection between leadership and social change can bring new and useful perspectives. The processes of social influence and leadership are fundamental for understanding the transformation at both the individual and societal levels. Leaders not only represent our collective identity, but also help us define our shared future. Social change is, thus, a collective initiative that involves mobilizing around a shared identity and vision for the future. Identity change and societal change are interdependent processes, and a deeper understanding of these processes can provide new insights into how and to what extent we can influence the direction of our society. In this article we will explore several findings that show that shared social identity is a source influenced by both collective and individual factors. It is crucial to analyze from the perspective of tripolar relations of “influence and social change”, which involves a competition between sources of influence and a public mobilized for change. This approach opens up new lines of research in both fields and helps us understand why certain views of change are more appealing than others. Together, these ideas provide a new perspective for understanding the interplay between identity, social influence, and changing social relationships.

Dynamics of prescribing and accessing medications for opioid use disorder: a community-based systems analysis

Background Although medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are effective for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), persistent barriers still prevent patients from accessing this life-saving care. Policies to increase MOUD access have produced suboptimal results. This study presents a qualitative system dynamics model that elucidates the complexities of accessing and staying in MOUD treatment. Methods We utilized a community-based system dynamics approach to modeling the MOUD treatment system. We engaged a cohort of system experts/stakeholders, including individuals who had received MOUD, treatment providers, and policymakers, in interviews and group model building to develop and refine a simulation model. We then created a qualitative causal loop diagram based on insights gained while developing the simulation model and a review of interview transcripts. Results The causal loop diagram captures four key factors affecting treatment initiation, retention, and leaving: (1) fraught interactions between patients and healthcare providers; (2) stigma-driven regulation of MOUD creating a culture of fear and defensive medicine; (3) a punitive culture in clinics and opioid treatment programs offering MOUD; and (4) the internalization of the abstinence narrative contributing to premature termination of treatment. Conclusions Our analysis highlights how interdependent and non-linear feedback processes diminish or counteract the effectiveness and sustainability of MOUD policy interventions. Due to system memory and cultural resistance to change, even rolling back reactionary policies may do little to curb established behavioral patterns. In addition, conflicting and competing strategies among various actors within the system contribute to goal misalignment and a lack of standardization of care.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF THE ENTERPRISE: ESSENCE AND MAIN PROVISIONS

Strategic management of business processes is a key element in the recovery of the Ukrainian economy after the war. Its implementation will allow businesses to adapt to new conditions, ensure flexibility, increase efficiency and contribute to the overall development of the country. By clearly defining and optimising business processes, companies will be better able to withstand unpredictable changes in the market.To date, a wealth of theoretical and practical experience has been gained in the strategic management of enterprises. However, insufficient attention is paid to the formation and implementation of the basic provisions, methods and tools, definition of the essence and content of strategic management of business processes.Based on a critical analysis of the existing interpretations of the concepts like "strategic management" and "business process management", allocation of their main features, the article formulates a definition of the concept “ strategic management of business processes”. Strategic management of business processes of enterprise is a complex activity of defining (formulating) goals and directions of functioning (development) of business processes of enterprise, development of methods of their achievement and continuous adaptation to changes in the internal and external environment.It is substantiated that the theoretical basis of the strategic management of business processes of enterprise consists of the main three approaches: target, process and resource. The target approach to the strategic management of business processes focuses on setting clear and measurable goals for each business process. It allows businesses to define and achieve their strategic goals more effectively by optimising work processes and resource use. Implementation of the process approach in strategic management implies perception of the organisation as a system of interdependent processes aimed at creating value for customers. This approach is implemented through the interaction between the relevant processes and the achievement of strategic compliance and coherence of the company's business processes. The resource-based approach involves the efficient use of the enterprise's unique resources and capabilities to ensure sustainable competitive advantages in the market.Areas for further research include the creation of models for the formation, coordination and implementation of strategies for business processes of an enterprise.

Mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi structure forest below-ground symbiosis through contrasting but interdependent assembly processes

BackgroundInteractions between plants and diverse root-associated fungi are essential drivers of forest ecosystem dynamics. The symbiosis is potentially dependent on multiple ecological factors/processes such as host/symbiont specificity, background soil microbiome, inter-root dispersal of symbionts, and fungus–fungus interactions within roots. Nonetheless, it has remained a major challenge to reveal the mechanisms by which those multiple factors/processes determine the assembly of root-associated fungal communities. Based on the framework of joint species distribution modeling, we examined 1,615 root-tips samples collected in a cool-temperate forest to reveal how root-associated fungal community structure was collectively formed through filtering by host plants, associations with background soil fungi, spatial autocorrelation, and symbiont–symbiont interactions. In addition, to detect fungi that drive the assembly of the entire root-associated fungal community, we inferred networks of direct fungus–fungus associations by a statistical modeling that could account for implicit environmental effects.ResultsThe fine-scale community structure of root-associated fungi were best explained by the statistical model including the four ecological factors/processes. Meanwhile, among partial models, those including background soil fungal community structure and within-root fungus–fungus interactions showed the highest performance. When fine-root distributions were examined, ectomycorrhizal fungi tended to show stronger associations with background soil community structure and spatially autocorrelated patterns than other fungal guilds. In contrast, the distributions of root-endophytic fungi were inferred to depend greatly on fungus–fungus interactions. An additional statistical analysis further suggested that some endophytic fungi, such as Phialocephala and Leptodontidium, were placed at the core positions within the web of direct associations with other root-associated fungi.ConclusionBy applying emerging statistical frameworks to intensive datasets of root-associated fungal communities, we demonstrated background soil fungal community structure and fungus–fungus associations within roots, as well as filtering by host plants and spatial autocorrelation in ecological processes, could collectively drive the assembly of root-associated fungi. We also found that basic assembly rules could differ between mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi, both of which were major components of forest ecosystems. Consequently, knowledge of how multiple ecological factors/processes differentially drive the assembly of multiple fungal guilds is indispensable for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms by which terrestrial ecosystem dynamics are organized by plant–fungal symbiosis.

Multivariate stochastic generation of meteorological data for building simulation through interdependent meteorological processes

In recent years, the uncertainty of weather conditions and the impact of future climate change on building energy assessment has received increasing attention. As an important part of these studies, several types of methods for generating stochastic meteorological data have also been developed. Since solar radiation drops to zero at night, unlike the continuous 24-hour data for elements such as temperature and humidity, this has posed challenges for previous research to fully account for the simultaneity among multiple elements. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for meteorological data generation: First, perform multivariate time series modeling of meteorological data of air temperature, solar radiation and absolute humidity at 12:00 of each day of a typical year based on the S-vine copula method and simulating daily series data at 12:00 for 365 days. Then, based on the probability of change of each element evaluated from the historical meteorological observation data, the daily series data at 12:00 were expanded to 24 h, after which the yearly stochastic weather data were obtained. The analysis of 30 years of stochastic data generated by this method, compared with the original data, reveals that air temperature and solar radiation closely match the original distribution characteristics, except for a minor deviation in the absolute humidity’s kurtosis. Furthermore, the comparison of thermal load distributions for office buildings shows that the original data curve falls within the range of the generated data. This suggests that the generated data includes more information about uncertainty but still keeps the original data’s characteristics.

Developing industrial AI capabilities: An organisational learning perspective

Incumbent industrial firms are putting in a lot of effort in developing capabilities for machine learning (ML) systems that help them better predict and perform a variety of industrial and business processes and decisions. Given the data-, process-, and organizational structure-related requirements for effective implementation of such systems, these organizations encounter a major challenge in developing capabilities in this context. However, the existing literature has yet to unravel the organizational processes and practices associated with artificial intelligence (AI) capability development and deployment in industrial incumbent firms. The present study frames AI adoption in established industrial firms as a process of history-embedded, situated organizational learning involving explorative and exploitative learning. Based on a qualitative study of seven firms utilizing ML algorithms in their industrial and business processes, we develop a grounded model that explains AI capability building as both enabled and constrained by perceptual and functional triggers and barriers, leveraged via communicative and structural practices, and resulting in ongoing and interdependent processes of exploration and exploitation. The study contributes to the literature by showing how the convergence of organizational learning and AI technology's unique features promotes a distinct dynamic of AI capability building and deployment.

A multilayer network analysis of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Roles for p-tau, synaptic peptides, and physical activity.

In the aging brain, cognitive abilities emerge from the coordination of complex pathways arising from a balance between protective lifestyle and environmental factors and accumulation of neuropathologies. As part of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (n=440), we measured accelerometer-based actigraphy, cognitive performance, and after brain autopsy, selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Multilevel network analysis was used to examine the relationships among the molecular machinery of vesicular neurotransmission, Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, cognition, and late-life physical activity. Synaptic peptides involved in neuronal secretory function were the most influential contributors to the multilayer network, reflecting the complex interdependencies among AD pathology, synaptic processes, and late-life cognition. Older adults with lower physical activity evidenced stronger adverse relationships among phosphorylated tau peptides, markers of synaptic integrity, and tangle pathology. Network-based approaches simultaneously model interdependent biological processes and advance understanding of the role of physical activity in age-associated cognitive impairment. Network-based approaches simultaneously model interdependent biological processes. Secretory synaptic peptides were influential contributors to the multilayer network. Older adults with lower physical activity had adverse relationships among pathology. There was interdependence among phosphorylated tau, synaptic integrity, and tangles. Network methods elucidate the role of physical activity in cognitive impairment.

Emergent group understanding: Investigating intersubjectivity in sociotechnical interdependencies

Teaching with virtual worlds provides new means for collaborative learning but creates challenges for teachers in terms of IT skills. To address these challenges, we developed a teaching model for using virtual worlds in classroom practices and applied it to Minecraft in several rounds of design-based research experiments. Our conceptual framework combines ideas from software engineering (sociotechnical congruence) and social sciences (intersubjectivity and emergence). Empirically, we addressed the problem of how shared understanding evolves in computer-mediated learning activities. We video-recorded classroom activities and analyzed them using interaction analysis. The teaching model engaged the students in two interdependent processes, referred to as objects: (1) a social object (discussions) that led to a shared knowledge object (video-recorded role-play) and (2) a technology object (Minecraft buildings) for staging the role-play. Our findings include an empirical phenomenon that we call emergent group understanding, which arose from the complex social interactions between social and technology objects when Minecraft was used as a virtual world in a social studies classroom. This revealed two connected subprocesses: (1) a spontaneous act of providing information to assist learners in contextualizing their actions and interactions against a common background, and (2) setting localized goals to guide future actions and interactions. This finding extends previous research by identifying fine-grained processes of intersubjectivity that contribute to collaborative learning. More generally, our teaching model addresses the problem of balancing creative and instructional learning goals.

Parametric process optimisation of automated fibre placement (AFP) based AS4/APC-2 composites for mode I and mode II fracture toughness

In-situ consolidation of thermoplastic composites using Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) technology is an emerging manufacturing technique, offering tailored composite properties through customised processing parameters. Multiple competing parameters during AFP manufacturing influence the quality and mechanical performance of the laminates. These lay-up parameters are interrelated, and often require comprehensive experimental characterisation which is costly and time-intensive. This study aims to optimise the fracture toughness of in-situ consolidated thermoplastic composite (AS4/APC-2) and investigate the mechanisms that contribute to it. Taguchi’s method is employed to efficiently analyse the effect of various process parameters at multiple levels. Based on the obtained results, a considerable effect of process parameters on Mode I and II fracture toughness is observed. The statistical analysis reveals that the Hot Gas Torch (HGT) temperature required for AFP processing significantly affects the Mode I fracture toughness, contributing to 33.8%. Whereas, the consolidation force, another key processing parameter in AFP notably affects Mode II fracture toughness, with the contribution of 81.8%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals interdependent processing parameter relations for both fracture modes. A validation test showed good agreement between the predicted fracture toughness and the experimental test.

Factors Affecting Farmers’ Attitude towards Climate Resilient Agricultural Technologies in Telangana, India

Agriculture and climate change are interdependent processes on a global scale. To address the climatic risks in agriculture, adopting climate-resilient practices from the National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project instead of traditional cropping methods is a strategy that not only enhances agricultural sustainability but also boosts farmers' income. Farmers' attitude is vital in the adoption of new technology. This paper examines the factors influencing farmers' attitude towards climate-resilient technologies under the NICRA project in the Suryapet and Khammam districts of Telangana, India. An ex-post facto research design was employed, with a sample of 200 respondents selected through a multistage simple random sampling technique. The profile characteristics viz., education, annual income, landholding, economic motivation, and innovative proneness, demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with farmers' attitude, as indicated by the correlation coefficient. Additionally, occupation and the farming system showed a significant positive association with attitude through the chi-square test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified factors such as water resource availability, economic motivation, risk-taking ability, education, individual and mass media exposure, and landholding as having a significant effect on farmers' attitude. To enhance the adoption of climate-resilient technologies under the NICRA project, efforts should focus on improving farmers' education, economic motivation, and access to water resources. Additionally, leveraging individual and mass media exposure can further strengthen positive attitude towards these technologies, ultimately leading to greater agricultural sustainability and increased income for farmers.

Contextual considerations in TPACK: Collaborative processes in initial teacher education

The importance of educational technologies continues to be revealed in contemporary classrooms and has consequently resulted in calls for those in initial teacher education programs to engage with contexts in which they can develop and demonstrate their technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). Despite TPACK being one of the world's most frequently used frameworks for understanding teachers’ technology integration (Hew et al., 2019; Niederhauser & Lindström, 2018), conceptualisations of the contexts in which pre-service teachers develop and demonstrate their TPACK are often confined to physical locations (Phillips et al., 2016; Phillips, 2016b; Rosenberg & Koehler, 2015). This research takes a broader consideration of ‘context’ through explorations of empirical data from a study of Australian pre-service teachers (PSTs) collaboratively planning, delivering and reflecting on team-taught, online, high school STEM classes in an attempt to answer the research question driving this research: What contextually situated learning process shape pre-service teachers’ TPACK development? Data from a series of semi-structured interviews revealed changes in the ways in which pre-service teachers conceptualised their TPACK. More importantly, this study found that the situated learning processes of induction, transferability, positive interdependence, synchronicity, and negotiability (Johnson and Johnson, 1994; Dillenbourg, 1999) were particularly important in explaining how participants understood and explained their TPACK acquisition and enactment. This research also highlights the importance of intentional design decisions by teacher educators to consider broader conceptualisations of ‘contexts’ which illustrate the importance of situated and collaborative learning opportunities to shape pre-service teachers TPACK. Importantly, these designs in this setting also empowered pre-service teachers to take risks with their praxis as they reported a feeling of emotional safety when teaching with a liminal peer. Consequently, the power of collaborative processes and interactions were revealed as new contextual considerations in the TPACK framework.

Relational turbulence during family transitions: a lifespan perspective and roadmap for future research

ABSTRACT This essay answers recent calls to explore the application of Relational Turbulence Theory (RTT) within family relationships (Knobloch, L. K., Solomon, D. H., Theiss, J. A., & McLaren, R. M. [2018]. Relational turbulence theory: Understanding family communication during times of change. In Engaging theories in family communication [pp. 255–266]. Routledge). Although family relationships are perceived to be contextually distinct from romantic partnerships given the perceived involuntary nature of these relationships, we argue relational turbulence manifests in family members’ relational experiences and communication processes, at multiple levels of family systems, and across various types of family transitions that evoke the experiences of relational uncertainty, interdependence processes, biased cognitions, emotional reactivity, polarizing communication, and relational turbulence among various members of the family system. In this essay, we present a roadmap for research that both integrates existing insights and suggests lines of future inquiry regarding relational turbulence in families.

Evaluating Stakeholders’ Decisions in A Blockchain-Based Recycling Construction Waste Project: A Hybrid Evolutionary Game and System Dynamics Approach

To promote efficient construction waste recycling and reuse, a novel waste management approach based on blockchain technology was introduced to the industry. However, adopting blockchain platforms in construction waste recycling and reuse may impact the behavioral strategies of stakeholders and impede the prediction of the specific impacts of stakeholders’ decisions. Accordingly, this study addresses two primary questions: (1) What are the collaborative framework and the behavioral evolution trends of multiple stakeholders within the context of blockchain? (2) How can the behavioral strategies of multiple stakeholders be systematically coordinated to achieve efficient construction waste recycling and reuse driven by blockchain? To answer these questions, a tripartite game model combined with system dynamics was constructed. In this model, we aimed to elucidate the internal organizational framework, analyze the dynamic evolution process, and assess the influence of decisions made by multiple stakeholders at the individual level. It also offers corresponding policy recommendations for efficient construction waste recycling and reuse driven by blockchain at the system level. This study offers three innovations. First, it considers the decision-making of multiple stakeholders as an interdependent and coevolutionary process to overcome the defects of analyzing only one type of participant. Second, in contrast to the static analysis method, it employs a dynamic system approach to deeply analyze the evolving structures of blockchain-based projects. Third, it provides a theoretical framework for the practical implementation of blockchain-driven platforms in managing construction waste recycling and reuse, thus fostering effective policy development and management practices. This framework aims to promote sustainable development in construction waste recycling and reuse projects in China as well as globally.

Women’s domestic multitasking: the phenomenon of feminization of unpaid work in Polish households during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study aims to present the concept of the feminization of unpaid work. We offer a conceptualization of this phenomenon based on the literature review and analysis of the experiences of Polish parents during COVID-19 pandemic. The feminization of unpaid work has cultural, economic, social, and institutional sources and manifests in women’s domestic multitasking, which means constant and routine responsibility for domestic and family duties. Its consequences are mainly visible in the precarious position of women in the public sphere but also in women’s poor psycho-physical conditions. The feminization of unpaid work should be seen as a set of interdependent processes that reinforces gender inequalities in the domestic and public spheres, especially in times of crisis. The analysis is based on qualitative material gathered through two nationwide diary writing contests in Poland during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences of Polish parents who wrote diaries during the COVID-19 pandemic help to understand the differences between men’s and women’s situations in times of crisis by extracting from their diary narratives the key processes that form the field of the feminization process of unpaid domestic work.