Interdependence Perspective Research Articles

The reflexive evaluation of the professional activities by the practicing psychologists: socio-cultural aspect

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems of social and cultural reflection of practicing psychologists, implies the assessment of its own cultural congruous modes of action in the process of psychological assistance. Solution of tasks is carried out with the use of factor analysis. It was identified basic parameters characterizing features of reflexive consciousness of practicing psychologists in the matter of cultural conformity of their professional activities. Their structural organization from the perspective of interdependence of the structural components of each of the relevant factors are analyzed in detail

The Role of Communication Technologies in Serial Arguments: A Communicative Interdependence Perspective

In response to scholars who recommend additional research concerning the role of communication technologies in relational conflict, we employ the communicative interdependence perspective (Caughlin & Sharabi, 2013) to explore mode integration and segmentation during serial arguments. More specifically, we found that technologically-mediated communication (TMC) and face-to-face (FtF) communication are commonly integrated during serial arguments. Mode integration was especially likely when serial arguments were seen as serious, relationally threatening, and less resolvable. Yet, integration of TMC and FtF communication and integration of multiple TMC channels during serial arguments were negatively associated with relational closeness and satisfaction for dating partners. Segmentation to one mode was rare and was not associated with relational satisfaction or closeness. We discuss the implications of these findings for the communicative interdependence perspective and our understanding of serial arguments in relationships.

A Review of Peer Tutoring Interventions and Social Interdependence Characteristics

Peer tutoring is a form of peer learning proven to be an effective educational intervention in terms of improving students’ performance, social and academic attitudes, behaviour and language. Social Interdependence Theory provides a broad framework for understanding peer learning effectiveness. Although the framework has been widely applied in groups of three or more students, it is unclear to what extent the framework has been applied in a peer tutoring context. Consequently, it is not known whether peer tutoring interventions are making use of social interdependence elements shown to yield high effect sizes. The research objectives for this paper are therefore to: I) explore the extent to which peer tutoring interventions have taken a social interdependence perspective while implemented, II) identify the academic subjects with most social interdependence theoretical elements and III) explore the most/least frequent social interdependence elements applied to peer tutoring. Eleven established social interdependence ideas/elements were identified and used to scan 127 articles with 252 peer tutoring interventions. The aim is for the findings to contribute to the improvement of peer tutoring interventions for teachers and academics by identifying opportunities for more work.

Metabolic evaluations of cancer metabolism by NMR-based stable isotope tracer methodologies.

Cancer cells are widely recognized for being able to adapt their metabolism towards converting available nutrients into biomass to increase proliferation rates. We will review a series of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based stable isotope tracer methodologies for probing cancer metabolism. The monitoring of such adaptations is of the utmost importance to unravel cancer metabolism and tumour growth. Several major metabolic targets have been recognized as promising foci and have been addressed by multiple studies in recent years. In this work are presented strategies to quantify glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs cycle turnover and de novo lipogenesis by NMR isotopomer analysis. Being able to adequately define the interplay between metabolic pathways allows the monitoring of their prevalence in tissues and such information is critical for an accurate knowledge of the metabolic distinctive nature of tumours towards devising more efficient antitumorigenic strategies. Discussed methodologies are currently available in the literature, but to date, no single review has compiled all their possible uses, particularly in an interdependent perspective.

Tolerance – a Culturally Dependent Concept?

This article presents research on Japanese interpretations of the first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a point of departure for discussing how the Japanese cultural contexts present an alternative understanding of tolerance to the Western liberal. According to Rainer Forst, tolerance is a normatively dependent concept (Forst 2010). This implies that the specific cultural values or the ‘normative context’ and environment become relevant. Since the praxis of tolerance always takes place in a specific cultural and moral environment, the cultural context influences how tolerance is carried out in practice as well as the norms defining its limits. Japanese informants held that cultural norms and values in Japan differ somewhat from those in the West. They perceived the human rights discourse as culturally dependent and culturally marked and clearly considered the first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to be a product of Western thought. It states that ‘All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in the spirit of brotherhood’ (United Nations 1948). While the role of tolerance in Western political philosophy seems to be attached to liberal values of autonomy and freedom, the Confucian-influenced environment in Japan places more emphasis on inter-dependency, cultivation, and learning social rules and proper-place-occupation as bases for moral conduct and deserving of respect. According to the Japanese informants, people are not ‘born with rights’ or ‘born free and equal’. Maintaining harmony, consensus, and proper behaviour according to relationships and hierarchy creates a different kind of setting for tolerance. The inter-dependent perspectives of Japanese culture may restrain freedom and can thus be expected to limit toleration of divergent views or behaviour. The culture-specific perception of human nature with an ‘inter-dependent construal of self’, counts as a context for tolerance. Also, it could be argued that Japanese religion is less doctrinal and absolute, and particularistic morality prevails. In the Japanese setting, the coexistence of competing truth systems seems to be more easily tolerated. This may broaden the room for tolerance. The cultural values defining ‘the good’ vary, implying that culture counts when the limits for tolerance are drawn. What is valued is culturally dependent, thus directing what is tolerated.

From Kierkegaard to Langer (From Kierkegaard's paradox to Langer's psychology of possibility).

This paper presents the connection between Kierkegaard as a philosopher and Langer as a psychologist in opening up the possibility of dialogical interactions between philosophy and psychology. The paper demonstrates how both Kierkegaard and Langer transcend the pre-established parlance of the disciplinary paradigmatic analysis and invent new and interdependent multidisciplinary perspectives. Through numerous examples of their underlying viewpoints, the paper explores how the relation between psychological ontology and philosophical ontology may facilitate the process of a leap beyond epistemological propositions.

Structural Power and Emerging Regional Order in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa

Analysis of relations between South Africa and its neighbors from either the hegemonic or interdependence perspectives fail to explain recent changes in the pattern of inter-state, state-firm and inter-firm diplomacy and economic interactions in the region. This paper, instead, argues that essentially, a constellation of economies led by South African economic and technological operating outside the realms of the state is rapidly crystallizing, and has led to a re-ordering of coordinated national and regional development and foreign policy objectives. These transformations are captured by the structural power of capital framework which suggests that states as authoritative institutions that allocate values, particularly weak ones, have lost much of their authority over society and economic transactions within their defined territorial borders. This pre-eminence of the private sector in setting the direction of change in the region is a microcosm of the global and regional realignment in the relations between the nation-state and the multifarious and complex nature of relative to other social forces and the state itself. This framework is applied to the study of the strategic sectors of Southern African economies, especially the transportation sector. It shows that for all intents and purposes, the emerging post-apartheid South Africa's relations with its neighbors is driven largely by the interests of capital. The African National Congress (ANC) has had to either acquiesce, despite its otherwise rhetorical commitment to even regional development. The study demonstrates further that this emerging order is being facilitated by economic liberalization, and that these trends have serious implications for future relations between South Africa and its neighbors.

A clinica como pratica arborifica e rizomorfica do trabalho em enfermagem cirurgica

Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, na forma de um estudo de caso, em uma unidade de internação cirúrgica de um hospital universitário, que objetivou analisar o trabalho do enfermeiro sob a ótica da produção de cuidados em saúde e do exercício da clínica. Os sujeitos do estudo foram seis enfermeiros e foram realizadas observações não participantes, pesquisa documental e entrevistas em profundidade com posterior análise textual discursiva. Verificou-se que o trabalho da enfermagem é organizado segundo duas perspectivas interconectadas e interdependentes: a do modelo clínico, que compõe a estrutura-mestre de sua prática, e uma estrutura composta por elementos múltiplos e heterogêneos. O modelo clínico de assistência organiza-se como uma estrutura centrada que possibilita a resolutividade das necessidades biológicas e atua como base para a conexão de outros saberes e práticas que expandem o fazer do enfermeiro por meio de interligações com o ambiente.

Port vulnerability assessment from the perspective of critical infrastructure interdependency

The increasing damages and losses bring requests to improve coping capacities for extreme conditions on the identification of and improvement to socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Disruptions to critical infrastructure (CI) influence the capacities for resilience and sustainable daily operations both directly and by causing failures in one system that in turn affects other systems. Among the transportation systems widely identified as national CI that should be protected, ports provide substantial employment, industrial activity, along with national and regional development. This study thus examines the vulnerability of port failures from an interdependency perspective. Fourteen vulnerable factors are developed by literatures as well as in-depth interviews. Four international commercial ports in Taiwan are employed as empirical cases to evaluate port vulnerability through semi-quantitatively systematic methods, including fuzzy cognitive maps and sensitivity model, while geographic information systems are used to clarify the spatial-functional interdependency. In addition to the underestimated vulnerability because of omitted interdependency, analytical results reveal that capacity and efficiency significantly affect port vulnerability. Increasing local cargo bases and co-opetition are suggested to improve the port vulnerability. The proposed assessment framework helps decision-makers understand the interdependent vulnerabilities and adopt appropriate strategies for the mitigation of losses.

Perceived relevance of honesty and agreeableness to situations with non‐correspondent and correspondent outcomes: An interdependence perspective

AbstractAccording to interdependence theory, interpersonal situations that vary in their surface characteristics can be united by similarities in their underlying structure. Likewise, factor analytic approaches to personality combine many traits into a small number of factors. In the current research, we use interdependence theory and existing factor analyses of personality traits to measure people's lay theories about the ways traits and situations interact. We predict that traits representative of honesty–humility/virtue will be rated as more relevant to situations with non‐correspondent outcomes (a gain in one person's outcomes is associated with a loss in the other person's outcomes) than to situations with correspondent outcomes (a gain in one person's outcomes is associated with a gain in the other person's outcomes). Conversely, we predict that traits representative of agreeableness will be rated as more relevant to situations with correspondent outcomes than to situations with non‐correspondent outcomes. An experiment found the expected trait X situation interaction revealing that subjects expect certain types of traits to be most relevant to specific types of situations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Communicative Interdependence Perspective of Close Relationships: The Connections Between Mediated and Unmediated Interactions Matter

In response to calls to recognize that both face-to-face (FtF) interaction and technologically mediated communication (TMC) often occur in the same relationships, we introduce a communicative interdependence perspective with a central tenet that relational closeness is associated with interconnections among modes of communication. We examined this perspective with a focus group study (N = 17) and a more extensive survey (N = 317). Consistent with the communicative interdependence predictions, relational closeness was associated positively with integration between FtF and TMC and negatively to difficulties transitioning between modes. Also, discussing topics only via technologically mediated channels was inversely associated with closeness and satisfaction, whereas discussing topics only in person was positively related to closeness and satisfaction.

Scenario Space for Alternative Futures of Security Research

FOCUS (“Foresight Security Scenarios – Mapping Research to a Comprehensive Approach to Exogenous EU Roles”) aims namely to define the most plausible threat scenarios that affect the “borderline” between the EU’s external and internal dimensions to security. This article presents scenarios about alternative futures of security research to support a comprehensive approach of the “EU 2035” as a civil security provider. Three scenarios were selected as context scenarios for alternative futures of security research afterwards they have been lined up with drivers identified in a matrix procedure. From these three context scenarios six alternative futures for security research were evaluated using the portfolio-cluster-method. The weighting was done from a dual and interdependent perspective: a) nation/ member state vs. EU-level/international approach to civil security and b) position of the scenario on the continuum of internal/external security. Finally, the article introduces each scenario for alternative future of security research in detail.

Trust, conflict, and cooperation: A meta-analysis.

Many theories of trust emphasize that trust is most relevant to behavior in situations involving a conflict of interests. However, it is not clear how trust relates to behavior across situations that differ in the degree of conflicting interest: Does trust matter more when the conflict of interest is small or large? According to an interdependence perspective, trust becomes an especially important determinant of behavior in situations involving larger, compared to smaller, degrees of conflicting interests. To examine this perspective, we conducted a meta-analysis involving 212 effect sizes on the relation between trust (both state and dispositional trust in others) and cooperation in social dilemmas-situations that involve varying degrees of conflict between self-interest and collective interest. Results revealed that the positive relation between trust and cooperation is stronger when there is a larger, compared to smaller, degree of conflict. We also examined several other possible moderators of the relation between trust and cooperation. The relation between trust and cooperation was stronger during individual, compared to intergroup, interactions but did not vary as a function of the situation being either a one-shot or repeated interaction. We also find differences across countries in the extent that people condition their own cooperation based on their trust in others. We discuss how the results support an emerging consensus about trust being limited to situations of conflict and address some theoretical and societal implications for our understanding of how and why trust is so important to social interactions and relationships.

Collectivism in Smoking Prevention Programs for Hispanic Preadolescents: Raising the Ante on Cultural Sensitivity

The present study examines collectivist influences in preventing smoking among Hispanic youths. Using a pretest/posttest design, sixth-graders received a collectivist or standard curriculum. Both curricula contained knowledge-based facts about smoking. The collectivist condition included an interdependent perspective. Compared to the standard curriculum, students in the collectivist condition reported more desirable behaviors, parental involvement, desirable and accurate perceptions about smoking, teacher approachability, and lower tobacco use. These results were also the case if their collectivist characteristic matched the program orientation. Collectivism should be considered for enhancing the cultural sensitivity and effectiveness of preventive programs for Hispanic preadolescents.

Preventing Smoking Among Hispanic Preadolescents

The present study examined the role of individualism-collectivism (IC) and acculturation in smoking prevention programs for Hispanic preadolescents. The sixth graders received a collectivist or individualist curriculum. Both programs contained knowledge-based facts about smoking. The collectivist condition included an interdependent (group-oriented) perspective of smoking, while the individualist condition had an independent (individual-oriented) perspective. Measurements assessing attitudes and behaviors were taken before and after the implementation. Compared to the individualist program, Hispanic youth in the collectivist condition reported greater awareness about the dangers of smoking, revealed more accurate and healthier perceptions, and expressed restraint in engaging in unhealthy behaviors. Acculturation effects depended on participants’ IC characteristic. This research showed the utility of cultural dimensions in health programs for Hispanic youth. It also blends basic and applied research in furthering the prevention of smoking among minority youth.

Organizational Structure and Acculturation in Acquisitions

A congruence model of organizational design suggests that the consistency among strategy, structure, and culture enhances organizational performance. In this study, the author attempts to understand which strategy-structure and strategy-culture contingencies facilitate superior postacquisition performance. From the perspective of task interdependence, the author argues that different acquisition strategies (i.e., unrelated, vertical, related) require different levels of headquarters centralization and interdivisional integration in the organizational structure, as well as different degrees of acculturation in the organizational culture. Based on input/output (I/O) analysis, the author develops theoretical measures for different acquisition strategies to test these arguments. The results from a two-stage model capture the author’s arguments by using a sample of 154 acquisitions in the Taiwanese electronics and information sector.

The multiple criteria and sub‐criteria for electronic service quality evaluation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate multiple criteria and sub‐criteria of e‐SQ with the interdependence perspective, utilising three phases of measurement for the proposed e‐SQ evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilises literature reviews to address the question of interdependence in the context of e‐SQ and constructs an interdependent network structure for e‐SQ evaluation. Then a method and three phases of measurement are proposed that combine the consistent fuzzy preference relations method with the analytic network process (ANP) technique, to evaluate e‐SQ by using senior experts who work at travel web site companies as research participants.FindingsFirst, this study discovered the interdependence perspective of criteria and sub‐criteria for e‐SQ evaluation. Second, it was found out that the weights of criteria and sub‐criteria have reverse situations after considering the interdependence perspective. Third, the findings indicate that the interdependence perspective among criteria and sub‐criteria should be taken into consideration, and the authors remind practitioners of the need to implement overall improvements instead of independently addressing each criterion or sub‐criterion of e‐SQ individually.Originality/valueThe authors propose a scientific and systematic method for e‐SQ evaluation that can enable managers of online web sites to determine the important factors, and further to achieve total e‐SQ control management. Moreover the proposed method can deal with imprecise information when evaluating e‐SQ, as well as considering interdependent relationships among factors, and is thus faster and more efficient at addressing the inconsistency problems involved in multiple decision making than conventional methods.

A hybrid ANP evaluation model for electronic service quality

Previous research has developed evaluation measurement for electronic service quality (e-SQ) but has ignored the interdependence perspective of the criteria and sub-criteria for e-SQ evaluation. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid analytic network process (ANP) model as an improved method to evaluate multiple-criteria and sub-criteria of e-SQ with the interdependence perspective. This hybrid ANP model was proposed by utilizing a process of algorithm that combines the consistent fuzzy preference relations method with the ANP approach to evaluate e-SQ. Moreover, this model overcame the problems while using the ANP in ranking options during multiple-criteria decision-making, such as the lack of consistency, the complexity, and the inability to handle information uncertainty. By using online travel websites as empirical application, this study demonstrated the hybrid ANP evaluation model that could capture expert's knowledge existing in the form of incomplete and vague information as well as identify the most important criteria based on interdependent perspective when evaluating e-SQ for websites. The results indicated that the interdependence perspective among criteria and sub-criteria should be taken into consideration by practitioners looking to improve their e-SQ. This study also suggested practitioners who manage websites that is sufficient and necessary to evaluate e-SQ under considered interdependence perspective for criteria and sub-criteria in order to obtain more in-depth findings and potential knowledge to discover the truly important criteria and sub-criteria of e-SQ when improving quality of websites. Such efforts will create overall improvement instead of isolated improvements in individual areas.

Negotiating Privacy Through Phatic Communication. A Case Study of the Blogging Self

The article provides an instructive in-depth analysis of communicative practices in the personal blog. Its aim is to document the discursive dynamics and interactional ethics of blogging, with a specific focus on negotiations of the blogging self in-between public and private. Based on key findings from an empirical case study of personal blogs, the article addresses the negotiation of the blogging self from three interdependent perspectives: the network structures, patterns of interaction, and thematic orientations of the blog. Instead of approaching the online self as the individual blogger’s self-presentation to an often unknown and unfamiliar audience, I analyse and discuss the ‘blogging self’ as a relational and collaborative accomplishment, as something that is constantly subject to negotiation between author and readers, and is framed by the blog as a communicative genre. The theoretical foundation for this relational approach to the self is inspired by the work of sociologist Georg Simmel on how individuals attune to their networks of affiliation in a process of socialisation (Simmel 1955). The article contributes to the discussion of ethical behaviour and privacy protection in social media by highlighting the role of phatic communication in the blog. Specifically, I demonstrate how participants in the blog network negotiate and maintain an ethos of privacy protection in and through practices associated with the phatic. They do this by adhering to a ‘principle of sociability’, allowing them to experience their communication as personal but not private.

Knowledge Sharing in Information Systems Development: A Social Interdependence Perspective

Information systems development (ISD) is typically a knowledge-intensive activity demanding coordinated application of business and information technology (IT) professionals’ expertise. However, knowledge sharing between these groups can be challenging, as their backgrounds and expertise domains differ. The problem is even more pronounced for ISD teams involving external IT consultants, where the gap between business and IT professionals is further widened by organizational boundaries. This study proposes that perceived social (goal, task, and reward) interdependencies can influence the extent of knowledge sharing between the subgroups of business professionals and external IT consultants during ISD. Results from a survey of consultant-and-client matched pairs in ongoing ISD project teams indicate that perceived goal, task, and reward interdependencies are significantly related to knowledge sharing, which is, in turn, related to ISD project phase performance. Knowledge sharing fully mediates the relationships between the interdependencies and ISD project phase performance. Perceived goal interdependence is also related to perceived task interdependence. These findings augment existing theoretical understanding of knowledge sharing in ISD. They also provide directions for the development of interventions for enhancing knowledge sharing and performance in ISD.