Concept Of Interdependence Research Articles

A framework for post-windstorm functional recovery of non-residential buildings applied to hospitals

This study introduces a framework for recovery-based design in wind engineering. Currently, research is well advanced to implement this approach in earthquake engineering, with the scope of improving the resilience of structures and critical infrastructure, to achieve a durable and re-occupiable built environment after the occurrence of a disaster, and estimating downtimes and quantifying service disruption. The concept of interdependencies between the nonstructural components (building envelope) and a building’s functions is realized using Fault-Tree Analysis (FTA). Using this method allows the construction of fragility curves of systems of components and services using information as weights to reduce epistemic uncertainties, and a hypothetical recovery curve for the functionality of building services based on exposure to the hazard’s impact on the building envelope. The recovery process established here highlights the fundamental importance of accurate estimation of service losses. The methodology is applied to 4 hospitals located in different climatic regions in the United States surveyed using the database of EYP Architecture & Engineering. The analysis showed the importance of building design factors; such as the location of services relative to the envelope, number of stories, and the Window-to-Wall Ratio as significant influences on the risk of service disruption and recovery.

The Secret to Superhuman Strength by Alison Bechdel and the Concept of Interdependence

Este ensayo aprovecha la presencia del concepto interdependencia para analizar su origen y cómo se aplica en el cómic autobiográfico El Secreto de la Fuerza Sobrehumana (2021) de Alison Bechdel y en la práctica feminista. Inicialmente sirve de coordenada entre el hinduismo, el budismo, la literatura de evasión, el trascendentalismo y la contracultura, pero en su último cómic, Bechdel lo usa para conectar los hitos autobiográficos que acabaron por forjar su identidad como artista y como propuesta feminista. Se plantea aquí la posibilidad de que Alison Bechdel descubriera en la persecución y conquista de dicho hito, una verdad subyacente a la cuestión de la mujer en la sociedad occidental. No obstante, este cómic es sobre dicha lucha y la de aquellas que quisieron recorrer, antes que ninguna de nosotras, dichos parajes. Entre aquellas, escritoras y líderes del movimiento feminista como Margaret Fuller, Dorothy Coleridge, Betty Friedan, Judith Butler, Virginia Woolf; etc. Con sus viñetas, Bechdel reivindica el valor y las dificultades de alcanzar dicha interdependencia para las mujeres artistas, activistas y exploradoras a lo largo de su vida y durante las diferentes olas del feminismo en el contexto de los EE. UU, al tiempo que ella misma asume conquistar esa meta que por fin le brinde la fuerza sobrehumana. Para ello, la intertextualidad; es decir, el diálogo entre este y otros textos en sus viñetas también juega un papel muy importante cuyo fin es acomodar el sujeto mujer al ideal Emersoniano, a pesar de que él, Ralph Waldo Emerson, tuviera otros planes para nosotras.

A relational approach to youth healthcare: Examining young people's, parents' and clinicians' experiences in the context of variations in sex characteristics

According to popular understandings, children grow from a state of dependence to eventually become independent adults. Interdependence helps to disrupt the in/dependence binary and is a useful concept for making sense of the experiences young people with variations in sex characteristics in relation to healthcare. This study used semi-structured interviews with 32 health professionals, 33 caregivers and 12 young people recruited in the UK and Sweden. The analysis is guided by the questions: (1) how do young people, carers and health professionals position themselves in the adult/young person relationship in the context of healthcare? (2) how is the (in/ter)dependence of young people imagined when young people, carers and health professionals talk about healthcare? Our analysis shows how carers and health professionals might support dominant understandings about young people growing towards independence while providing little opportunity for young people's agency and voice. Interviews with young people gave clear examples of their negotiating relational ways of being, seeking agency in the context of healthcare and not simply becoming independent of adults. This analysis also draws attention to the ways young people might be silenced within healthcare contexts. The present paper is based on secondary analysis of data from the SENS. It works with concepts of relationality and interdependence to draw out the possibilities of voice and agency for young people with variations in sex characteristics in healthcare contexts.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF MORALITY FROM PHILOSOPHICAL CONTENT INTO CRITIQUE OF SATIRE IN INDIAN ART

The development of the concept of satire holds an important place in the philosophical content of Indian art as it has transformed in several ways reflecting the socio-cultural and political changes. Satire has been voiced in Indian art over the years through its varied expressions that are crucial to understanding the hidden content of commentary or the overtly implied motives of satire in different art forms. The purpose of my research is to explore two interdependent concepts, first, the kinship of satire to the concept of Indian moral philosophy; and second, the reflection of moral philosophy through varied expressions of satire in Indian art. Morality has had deep roots in Indian philosophy since ancient times. The moral and ethical framework of philosophy revolves around the concept of ‘Dharma’ that holds immense importance in the philosophical foundation of different schools such as Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. It is also central to the metaphysical identity of the Indian culture that aims to foster ethical conduct through righteousness and justice. Indian art has evolved through the ages as a reflection of society and its influence on the formation of culture and values. Teachings of morality have been integral to the Indian culture rather than the biting language of satire that found its expressions in Indian art around the later stages of development, that is around the medieval period when a deeper inflow of foreign influence began entering the Indian cultural system. I aim to understand the evolution of morality from the ancient period progressing toward the critical harsh mockery of satire in contemporary Indian art.

The relationship between leadership and culture from the perspective of Edgard Schein and awareness: a reflective analysis

The study aimed to reflexively analyze the awareness process experienced by managers in relation to culture and leadership from Edgard Schein's perspective. The methodology used was a reflective study with a descriptive, qualitative, phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, anchored in the concept of organizational culture proposed by psychologist Edgard Schein, through a search in the scientific literature for productions based on the concepts mentioned in the Virtual Health Library, through articles available in full and with significant content that were selected to support the proposed discussion. The results show that there is facilitation in the leader's awareness process when he or she seeks self-knowledge and broadening of consciousness, concomitantly reflected in his or her attributions in the organization, developing the needs of the culture. It was concluded that there is no culture without leadership and no leadership without culture, i.e. they are interdependent concepts that work together for organizational, professional and interpersonal growth, relational processes with the aim of promoting the sustainability of organizations.

Protocol for a pilot study assessing a virtual mindfulness intervention for postpartum African American women

Elevated perinatal depressive symptoms are more common among disadvantaged African American women, and they are almost four times as likely to have postpartum posttraumatic stress compared to white women. For new mothers, depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress can lead to negative parenting, poor mother-infant bonding, and delayed infant development. For African American women, a culturally adapted mindfulness-based intervention offers great potential as an acceptable approach to reduce psycho-behavioral symptoms and improve mother-infant interactions (i.e., bonding). Additionally, it is critical that mindfulness interventions consider time constraints of new mothers, provide accessible intervention delivery, address parenting, and consider the challenges of caring for an infant. Given these considerations, we describe a pilot research protocol in which we evaluate a culturally adapted mindfulness program: Mindfulness for African Americans Postpartum (MAAP). The intervention is based upon Kabat-Zinn’s Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program, but is adapted to include culturally relevant concepts of spirituality, inter-dependence, self-empowerment, and storytelling, which are salient to African American culture. To accommodate the needs of new mothers, a certified mindfulness interventionist delivers each session virtually using Zoom. The investigation uses a randomized controlled design in which African American women within 12 months of giving birth are randomized either to the MAAP intervention or to an Education Program. The primary aim is to determine the extent to which the MAAP intervention decreases maternal psycho-behavioral symptoms (perceived stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, poor sleep, posttraumatic stress, and fatigue) and improves mother-infant bonding. A secondary aim is to explore the effects of MAAP on proinflammatory cytokines and oxytocin. Culturally adapted mindfulness interventions delivered virtually will make mindfulness more accessible and meaningful to populations, like African American new mothers, who are at higher risk for postpartum mood disorders and poor infant outcomes.

Can One Health Policy Help Us Expand an Ethics of Interconnection and Interdependence?

One Health-a holistic approach to health that brings the moral status of animals and environments into consideration-is understood as a "professional imperative," a value-laden obligation that flows from the scope and objectives of professional roles. In this article, antimicrobial resistance provides a case study to demonstrate the fruitfulness of public health and bioethics collaborations by applying One Health key concepts of interconnection and interdependence. Moving toward an ethics of One Health requires a more nuanced analysis of ecological relationships, including humans' connections to other species as hosts, vectors, domestic companions, meat-eaters' food, and farmers' livelihood.

Reinvigorating Social Support Systems in Rural Northwestern Ghana: Towards Affective Empathy in a Neoliberal Age

Abstract Scholars frequently allude to the concept of a supportive extended family system that provides a lifeline to less privileged members of society, such as the indigent and the aged. Yet, the extended family and the network of support it enables have come under immense threat from neoliberalism. This article examines the constrained role of the extended family system and its implications, based on residential ethnographic fieldwork data gathered in rural northwestern Ghana. It draws on transnational discourses on empathy and local conceptions of interdependence and unity as encapsulated by African communitarian philosophies such as Ubuntu and Te jaa bonyeni of the Waala people of northwestern Ghana to explore how to generate empathy. Neoliberal individualist values have intensely undermined the support networks of the extended family system. Te jaa bonyeni philosophy, similar to Ubuntu, and many humanistic philosophies, offers important opportunities for reinvigorating debates on African indigenous support networks as important steps towards nurturing affective empathy. This study contributes to discourses on affective empathy by connecting it to communitarianism. Cultivating empathy is necessary towards imagining forms of existence that are dignifying for the marginalized and preventing them from descending into abysmal deprivation.

ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКЕ СПІВТОВАРИСТВО В ЗОВНІШНІЙ ПОЛІТИЦІ СРСР В РОКИ «ПЕРЕБУДОВИ»

The article examines the process of slow convergence of the USSR during the years of «perestroika» with the European Community, attempts have been made to determine the reasons for the gradual convergence. The purpose of the study is to characterize the place of the European Community in the foreign policy of the USSR during the years of “perestroika” in the context of the concept of «new thinking». It is noted, that the plans for the creation of the internal market of the European Community countries were met with deep concern in the USSR and other countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. It was they who pushed for more decisive actions and played their role in changing the position regarding the EEC. The economic and political transformations of the second half of the 1980s, which were actively carried out in the USSR, met with approval in Europe. It is emphasized, that the economic factor became a new element of policy regarding the EEC during the Gorbachev period. According to the tradition that developed before this, political and military aspects of the process were taken into account the most. The conclusion of the Agreement on trade and economic cooperation with the EEC was the logical consequence of such a change. Economic cooperation with the EEC was included in the foreign policy priorities. It is concluded, that during the period of «perestroika» the relations of the USSR with the European Community underwent drastic changes. These changes were influenced by a number of factors, among which the most important were the ratification of the Single European Act and the development of the EEC program of the single internal market until 1992. The Community’s concrete assistance to M. Gorbachev’s «perestroika» had an undeniable influence on the position regarding the EEC. Another important change, as a result of which the signing of the agreement with the EEC became possible, was a radical rethinking of the concept of interdependence. It happened gradually from ascertaining the development of the processes of internationalization and integration to the recognition of the fact of interdependence between states of different social systems. Only during the period of perestroika did it become possible to conclude the desirability of interdependence as a factor that stabilizes international relations. However, all these changes in approaches were primarily characteristic of a rather narrow circle of politicians. At the same time, they helped to change the official position. It was these factors that pushed M. Gorbachev to develop the idea of a «common European home», which became a component of the concept of «new thinking» in the foreign policy of the USSR.

불교의 인간관과 대화법에 관한 연구

Buddhism is a human-centered religion. The Buddha emphasized coexistence, interdependent relationships, and the good nature of human beings. Knowing the reality and origin of suffering, overcoming it, and achieving happiness and enlightenment as the ultimate goal is a characteristic of Buddhism. This paper is a study on the Buddhist view of human beings and the use of dialogue methods. The possibility of communication that empathizes with the pain of the other person, the possibility of positive evolution, and the possibility of pursuing true happiness and satisfaction were examined. The Buddhist view of humanity is based on a critique of the caste system in ancient Indian society, human values and karma, the concept of interdependence in familial relations, non-duality(自他不二, the oneness of self and others), the idea that all sentient beings possess Buddha-nature. Buddhist dialogue focuses on the use of right language. They are the avoidance of the lies, divisive speech, harsh speech, and idle chatter. This paper analyzes these ideas and discusses the use of Buddhism's "advising method" and "dagisullbub(對機說法)." The possibility of respect and understanding of the other person was examined, and the possibility of peaceful dialogue was examined through understanding and tolerance of negative emotions and behaviors. Buddhism teaches us to have a conversation in a state of mental calm. Teach empathy and communication with the other person's pain. Emphasizing practice and compassion, it emphasizes that adherence to ethical principles can lead to individuals and societies evolving for the better, and to find true happiness and contentment. By faithfully practicing these basic Buddhist tenets, you will be able to use the basic principles of interpersonal relationships and communication techniques. The purpose of this study is to find out that this Buddhist methodology can help solve various psychological problems in modern society.

Semantics of Nonviolence

In the article, we consider the approaches to the ethics of nonviolence suggested by Judith Butler and Sara Ahmed. Butler's project is rooted in Monique Wittig's concept of “material violence”. By extending the meaning of this term to gender and normative violence, Butler articulates the ethics of nonviolence. The latter involves concepts of radical equality and interdependence. A practical complement to the Butler project can be found in the works of Sara Ahmed, who investigates the possibility of opposing violence within institutions. She develops the concept of the “feminist ear”, based on phenomenology, which we suggest considering as a tool to implement the ethics of nonviolence. Being an attitude that can be adapted due to methodology requirements or in political practice, Ahmed's feminist ear refers to Bourdieu's metaphor of the “sharped eye” by which a researcher can objectivate their doxic (or “native”) experience. Considering these parallels, we investigate his theory of symbolic violence, internalized and reproduced in systems of dispositions. Bourdieu's striving to reveal a material side of ideology confronting that of intellectualist tradition partly matches Wittig's intuitions. By introducing the notion of habituality, we can reconsider the very question of ideology's potential overcoming that cannot be performed using intellectual endeavor. This impossibility leads Bourdieu to criticize classic phenomenology because of its ignorance of social conditions and the natural attitude. Inverting the usual working strategy of Husserlian phenomenology, he takes a natural attitude as a framework of his research, revealing the initiation rituals to the symbolic structure. The article suggests some strategies to overcome it.

Analyzing the Global Dynamics: Brics Navigating Uncertainty and Challenging U.S. Hegemony

This article delves into the transformative role of the BRICS alliance comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa in the context of a dynamically evolving global landscape and the challenges presented by traditional U.S. hegemony. An interweaving theoretical framework, incorporating concepts of multipolarity, economic interdependence, and strategic alliances, provides a comprehensive lens for understanding BRICS' endeavors in navigating contemporary uncertainties. Economically, BRICS demonstrates a steadfast commitment to restructuring the global economic landscape through innovative initiatives such as the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement, aiming to reduce reliance on established Western dominated financial systems. Diplomatically, BRICS positions itself as a cohesive entity on the global stage, advocating for a multipolar world order while challenging the unilateralism often associated with U.S. hegemony. Despite challenges like divergent economic structures and the imperative for institutional reforms, the way forward for BRICS involves intensified economic integration, strategic diplomacy, adaptive institutional frameworks, and proactive project implementation. This abstract underscores BRICS as a pivotal player in the paradigm shift of the international system, exemplifying the rising influence of emerging economies and their collective resolve to shape a more equitable and multipolar global order

International energy trade: The EU’s position and energy security

Abstract Increasing energy consumption and ensuring the supply of energy resources in sufficient quantities and changes in the energy mix of individual countries and regions are a pressing issue today. Besides their economic dimension, energy and energy policy also carry geopolitical and security importance. The ecological and social aspect is increasingly important; issues related to the availability of resources, stability of supply, efficiency and fuel prices are becoming more common and pressing. This study has expanded on the subject of energy dependence to include the concept of interdependence. It has also delved into international trade, incorporating this plane to provide a broad international dimension and emphasise the need to strengthen the energy security of individual states. The aim of this article is to show the gravity of the EU’s unilateral Russian-dominated import focus and the possibility of reshaping the pattern of energy imports into the EU. The analysis of energy trade has drawn on an interpretation of the outputs of available data, with the caveat that the war in Ukraine has limited momentum in this area. The results of the subject explored here are presented in the form of a discourse on opportunities to redirect trade and strengthen the EU’s energy security. The European Union, as a primary-energy import region, must revisit the territorial structure of its primary-energy imports, diversify its suppliers, change the energy mix and interconnect energy infrastructure by deploying new technologies.

The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the Middle East: The Role of Turkey

This paper examines the concepts of interdependence and correlations within the context of the ongoing conflict between Russia and NATO, alongside the dynamics involving regional states and non-state actors in the region. At present, the conflict's epicentre seems to be the Black Sea region. Nevertheless, the intricate challenges stemming from the Middle East continue to highly significantly influence the management of conflicts between global and regional powers. In the midst of these intricate relations, Turkey confronts a pivotal quandary: it must either assume the mantle of a proficient mediator in the Ukraine-Russia conflict or risk relegation as a marginalised supporter. Thus, Turkey's multifaceted role in both the Black Sea and the Middle East stands as a litmus test for the interplay of interdependency and correlations.

US and Canadian Sanctions Against the Russian Federation in the Field of International Scientific Cooperation: Political and Legal Analysis

The article provides a political and legal analysis of the US and Canadian sanctions against the Russian Federation in the field of international scientific cooperation. The classification of sanctions in the field of S&T cooperation is given. It is noted that by their nature, such sanctions threaten not only the national security and the level of technological development of Russia, but also significantly limit the universal tasks of solving global problems. Obviously, in the concept of open science and global interdependence, any scientific sanctions have a boomerang effect, since they limit not only Russia, but also other states, scientists, academic and educational organizations in cooperation to solve common problems. The authors draw the following conclusions: these sanctions do not have sufficient legal grounds; the consequences of their application are not normatively defined, so the gap in this part can be resolved on the basis of both the general principles of international law and by fixing in international agreements the consequences of a unilateral refusal to fulfill obligations (compensation for losses caused, distribution of risks and financial obligations); sanctions of this kind should not apply to individual scientists, since the channels of scientific communication act as an element of soft power and contribute to the removal of political differences (scientific diplomacy); the desire of the Russian authorities under the sanctions to diversify scientific and technical ties with other states of Asia, Africa, and Latin America is completely justified.

THE UN FACTOR IN THE COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE SYSTEM OF REGIONAL SECURITY

This article explores the role of the United Nations (UN) within the complex interdependence system of regional security. In an era marked by global interconnectedness and interdependence, regional security challenges necessitate a multilateral approach. The UN, as a global organization, assumes a critical role in addressing these challenges due to its mandate, resources, and convening power. The article begins by elucidating the concept of complex interdependence, emphasizing the intricate web of relationships and interconnections among states and non-state actors in the realm of regional security. It underscores the significance of comprehending the multifaceted nature of contemporary security concerns and the imperative of collaboration and cooperation among nations. Subsequently, the article investigates the UN's role in the complex interdependence system. It examines the UN's mandate, which encompasses the promotion of peace, security, and stability at both regional and global levels. The institutional framework of the UN, including the Security Council, General Assembly, and specialized agencies, provides platforms for dialogue, negotiation, and coordination among member states. Moreover, the article explores the UN's resources and capabilities in addressing regional security issues. It highlights the UN's peacekeeping operations, conflict prevention and mediation efforts, and humanitarian assistance initiatives as crucial tools for fostering regional security. Additionally, it underscores the UN's normative framework, encompassing international law and human rights, as essential components in the pursuit of regional security. Furthermore, the article analyzes the UN's convening power and its ability to bring together diverse actors to collectively address regional security challenges. It discusses the UN's role as a platform for dialogue, diplomacy, and consensus-building, facilitating regional cooperation and fostering trust among states. Lastly, the article acknowledges the limitations and challenges faced by the UN within the complex interdependence system of regional security. It recognizes the need for ongoing efforts to enhance the UN's effectiveness, responsiveness, and adaptability to evolving security dynamics. In conclusion, this article underscores the indispensable role of the UN within the complex interdependence system of regional security. By leveraging its mandate, resources, and convening power, the UN significantly contributes to the cultivation of peaceful and stable regional environments in an era characterized by interconnectedness and interdependence.

Tracing the legacy of peace leadership from an Asian perspective: Mahatma Gandhi, Dalai Lama, and Thich Nhat Hanh

ABSTRACT This paper narrates the concept of Sustainable Peace Leadership and examines how three prominent Peace Activists from South and Southeast Asia measure up to the concept. The article will consider the works and ideas of Mohandas K. Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi), Lhamo Thondup (The 14th Dalai Lama), and Nguyen Xuan Bao (Thich Nhat Hanh). Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in achieving Indian independence from the British Empire. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people and has managed a difficult relationship with the Chinese government following the occupation of Tibet. Thich Nhat Hanh was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, peace activist and is known as the ‘father of mindfulness’. The paper identified several characteristics of Peace Leaders. These include being a charismatic leader who motivates their followers to achieve their goals in a non-violent and inclusive manner. Peace leaders meditate and spend time developing inner peace which then leads to outer peace. The paper also asserts that peace leaders are capable of recognizing the humanity in their opponents and seek a mutually beneficial solution. The three chosen individuals are all recognised as being charismatic leaders who were prominent peace leaders. All were deeply spiritual and practiced meditation and other inner work on a regular basis. They stressed the humanity in their opponents, based on their religious beliefs and the concepts of non-duality and interdependence.

The political stakes of regions

Abstract Regionalism is experiencing a global resurgence as countries grapple with issues such as coordination problems, economic inequality, racial tensions, and environmental degradation. Nations are exploring various regional entities as potential solutions to these challenges. However, despite the growing prominence of regions, they remain undertheorized. While extensive research has been conducted on national and local governments, regions have often been treated as either state-like or locality-like, or as ad-hoc remedies for the limitations of both. This article seeks to complicate this perspective and present the initial stages of a theory of regions. By examining the case study of the Cities’ Union in Israel and tracing its historical origins and legal evolution into multipurpose regional clusters, the article uncovers valuable theoretical insights about regions. First, it argues that just as “the local” and “the national” mutually shape one another, “the local” and “the regional” too are interdependent concepts, each definition relying on the other. The existence of a third concept—the regional—is crucial, making this a conceptual triad rather than a dyad. Second, the article highlights that legal institutions such as interlocal cooperations and special-purpose governments (SPGs) are not inherently local or regional but can be perceived as either depending on historical and political contingencies. The conceptualization and concrete manifestations of local and regional forms are subject to political concerns and ideological commitments, extending beyond mere technical or functional considerations. Lastly, the article reflects on the unique characteristics of regional forms that make them legally, socially, geographically, and economically nimbler and more adaptable than their national and local counterparts.

The effect of asymmetric interdependence on the outcomes of military cooperation in the Sahel

In this article, I make a case for studying the outcome of security cooperation between external and host forces through the lens of their relationship. This is because in order for such military cooperation to have a sustainable effect, the host needs to develop ownership and autonomy over its own security responses. This article sets out from the observation that there is an evident discrepancy between the stated intent and the actual outcome of the cooperation between the G5 Sahel Joint Force (G5S-JF) and external actors. Building on insights from peace-building and security force assistance (SFA) literature, I argue that the relationship between the G5S-JF and external actors is best characterised as one of asymmetric interdependence and that this asymmetric interdependence can explain why the G5S-JF never developed into an autonomous force with ownership over its security responses. The concept of asymmetric interdependence provides a new lens through which to research SFA and can potentially shed light on other relationships between international, regional, national and local actors more generally.

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness