Concept Of Interdependence Research Articles

Conflicts over the division of domestic work: A matter of gender-specific expectations and needs

This study investigates the frequency of conflicts over the division of domestic labor among heterosexual couples with dependent children ( N = 1597), considering the actual division of labor, perceived fairness about the division of labor, spouses’ levels of general appreciation for one another, varying preferences for housework and housekeeping standards, and role expectations. By applying actor–partner interdependence models (APIMs) to data from the representative German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) (wave 11), we analyze actor and cross-partner effects simultaneously, allowing us to consider the concept of dyadic interdependency derived from social exchange and gender theories. Results indicate that it is not the division of labor that is decisive for conflicts in relationships, but what is perceived to be fair. While men require approval from their spouses when they deviate from normative gender standards, women need housework to not be merely thought of as their natural responsibility. The results are used to suggest how conflicts over domestic labor can be avoided among parents during the intense life phase of childcare.

Derecho, naturaleza y ciencia ficción: la cuestión ecológica en "Hacedor de estrellas" de Olaf Stapledon

What can a science fiction novel from the early 20th century offer to contemporary environmental law? This essay develops a series of reflections on the contributions of the novel Star Maker, by Olaf Stapleton (1937), published in 1937, to rethink and redesign the legal instruments directed to environment or nature protection. The paper approaches different topics from the novel in relation to reflections of legal- theoretical nature, related to ecology: the overcoming of anthropocentrism, the critique of industrialization and the debates on development, the concepts of harmony, diversity, interrelation, interdependence and complementarity and the recognition of rights to non- human entities. The contrast between excerpts from Star Maker and the theoretical perspectives that link law and nature makes it possible to visualize the potential that the work offers to articulate and rethink law in the context of the ecological crisis and global climate emergency.

Research on the Symbiosis of Public Art and Urban Art

Public art and urban art are two independent and interdependent concepts. Public art is characterized by publicity, which refers to the unique artistic features displayed in the urban public domain. Urban art is relatively restrained and implicit, which refers to the historical culture accumulated in the historical development of the city. However, there is a certain commonality between them, which can influence each other, promote each other and develop each other, and have an important impact on contemporary urban development and urban construction. This paper mainly explores the symbiosis between public art and urban art, and further analyzes and explains the symbiotic forms between public art and urban art.

ETHICAL NORMSIN THE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC SERVICE ENTITIES

Background. The choice of the topic of the article is dictated by the presence of significant theoretical problems and the need to improve the understanding and legal definition of the principle and rules of ethical behaviorin the activities of public service entities in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to obtain new scientific results in the form of substantiated conclusions and proposals for solving current theoretical, applied and legal problems of determining the principle and rules of ethical behaviorin the activities of public service entities in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The empirical basis of the study were legal acts of legislation of Ukraine and some other countries, scientific works of other scholars in the field of administrative law. Thanks to a combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition it was possible to process the specified empirical material and to receive own scientific conclusions. Results. It is noted that there is no clear definition and common understanding of the concept of the principle of ethical conduct of public service entities in the Ukrainian legislation. It is stated that the normative consolidation of ethical norms for different categories of public service entities in Ukraine takes place mainly at the by-law level and has a sectoral nature. It is established that the terms «principle of ethical conduct» and «rules of ethical conduct» are interdependent concepts, but not identical. Conclusion. According to the results of the research, the author’s vision is given to the concepts of «principle of ethical behavior» and «rules of ethical behavior». It is emphasized that the provisions of the Codes of Ethics or the Code of Ethics should also include requirements that would regulate the conduct of the public service entity in the off-hours. The necessity of unification of basic principles of public service in profile laws is substantiated, which should be reflected in general provisions of branch Rules and Codes of ethics together with special norms which will embody specificity of this or that public activity. Keywords: public service, the subject of public service, principles of activity, ethical behavior, rules, norms.

Mapping Organizational Design as NK Graphs: A Neural Network Approach

The concept of interdependence has been widely theorized in organization theory and strategy using NK model, yet rarely has it been empirically explored. In this research we develop a novel way, building upon the advancements in Artificial Intelligence, to measure the interdependencies (K) among the firm activities (N). The method enables reconstructing the NK configurations of individual firms and represent them as graphs providing detailed insights into the whole structure of interdependencies. We use a sample of 2298 SMEs, 6 months of financial transactions per firm. In the obtained NK graphs, the bilateral relationships, i.e. interdependencies, and the unilateral relationships, i.e. dependencies, can exist simultaneously. We find that while interdependencies (compared to dependencies) are less prevalent than previously assumed, they have a more positive relationship with firm performance. We further observe that the centralization of the (inter)dependency pattern, instead of the bilateral or unilateral relationships, drives the firm performance differences. Finally, we observe substantial heterogeneity in terms of how firms in the same industry enact the K, and find that firm-level rather than industry-level interdependence variation drives the firm performance differential. We find that while interdependencies (compared to dependencies) are less prevalent than previously assumed, they have a more positive relationship with firm performance. We further observe that the centralization of the (inter)dependency pattern, instead of the bilateral or unilateral relationships, drives the firm performance differences. Finally, we observe substantial heterogeneity in terms of how firms in the same industry enact the K, and find that firm-level rather than industry-level interdependence variation drives the firm performance differences.

From Early Curiosity to Space Wide Web: Emergence of the Small Satellite Innovation Ecosystem

Much of the existing literature on ecosystems has focused on established ecosystems, but we know little about how an ecosystem actually emerges and evolves in the first place. We layout four stages of ecosystem development, integrate two critical ecosystem concepts of multilateral interdependence and non-generic complementarity, and delineate a typical trajectory along which multilateral non-generic complementarity develops across the stages. We develop theoretical insights on how the gradual process of multilateral non-generic complementarity development enables materialization of a coherent, customer-centric, economic value proposition in an innovation ecosystem. To illustrate our theoretical framework, we conduct a longitudinal case study of the modern small satellite innovation ecosystem from its inception to now. Our analysis uncovers the dynamic process of how small satellites evolved from a seed innovation with unclear value proposition to become an innovation ecosystem that delivers strong modern space capabilities. Our paper provides deeper insight on ecosystem emergence and evolution and has important implications for ecosystem strategizing by firms both individually and collectively.

ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ЧРЕЗ ТЕКСТ ВЪВ ВИРТУАЛНА ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНА СРЕДА В НАЧАЛНИТЕ КЛАСОВЕ – ОСНОВА ЗА РАЗВИТИ Е ЗА ФУНКЦИОНАЛНАТА ГРАМОТНОСТ НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ В НАЧАЛЕН ЕТАП

Text-based learning in primary school is an important factor in developing the functional literacy of primary school students. Functional literacy is expressed in mastering the main activities in the learning process – reading and writing, through which the learner feels ready to solve various learning and life tasks. The change of the educational environment in classroom through the application of various electronic educational resources in the lessons of Bulgarian language and literature leads to the formation of new skills in young students to work with a text. Text-based learning in primary school is fundamental for mastering the skills to perceive, comprehend, interpret and create their own texts that respond to the communication situation and contribute to the development of communicative and socio-cultural competence of students 1st – 4th grade. In the process of working with the text, the learners acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes related to the text and its structural and semantic components. They master different approaches to learning aimed at the successful realization of the individual in the group and in society. This paper offers a brief theoretical overview of the concepts of text and functional literacy, their interrelationship and interdependence. The article discusses issues related to digitization of the learning process in Bulgarian language and literature at an early stage. Presented are opportunities for working with text in e-learning environment helping to develop reading and writing literacy of students by analyzing the results and comparing with the requirements of state educational standards in Bulgarian language and literature.

A Study of Deep Ecological Crisis in D. H. Lawrence's Poem "Love on the Farm"

This research article is based on the concept of harmonious interdependence between nature, living beings, and non-living beings for the sustained ecological balance. It makes an analysis of a poem by D.H. Lawrence, entitled “Love on the Farm” from deep ecological critical perspective. As a term, deep ecology explores how human beings, creatures, plants and trees are connected in the organic chain. Coined by Norwegian philosopher, named Aryan Naess, deep ecology became an assertive response to the menace of environmental crises taken place in different parts of the world. Considering its far-reaching consequences, universities and academic institutions began to study it seriously. As a result, initiatives were taken to broaden its study premise. Courses were devised and literary works were begun to be interpreted from ecological perspective and research outcomes produced significant insights and conclusions in order to explore this subject matter more comprehensively. On this backdrop, this article fundamentally sets three dominant premises for this research study: a) Human beings are sole causes for environmental loss, and, b) Ecological chain is prerequisite for the survival of the whole planet. On considering these premises, this present research article explores deep ecological elements in the poem “Love on the Farm” and how they are disturbed by domineering and more anthropocentric attitude of human beings. In proving the claim, this article takes first wave of eco criticism as a theoretical tool propounded by eco- critics like Jonathan Bate, Cheryll Gotfelty, and Lyn White, Jr. Then, it analyzes the poem, justifying how conflict with nature and ecology causes disturbance in entire environment. Finally, it concludes: ecological balance is the long-term solution to the survival of living and non-living beings as well as the longevity of whole planet.

Pathophysiology of Bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a complex, heterogeneous disorder defined by both a radiological abnormality of permanent bronchial dilatation and a clinical syndrome. There are multiple underlying causes including severe infections, mycobacterial disease, autoimmune conditions, hypersensitivity disorders, and genetic conditions. The pathophysiology of disease is understood in terms of interdependent concepts of chronic infection, inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and structural lung damage. Neutrophilic inflammation is characteristic of the disease, with elevated levels of harmful proteases such as neutrophil elastase associated with worse outcomes. Recent data show that neutrophil extracellular trap formation may be the key mechanism leading to protease release and severe bronchiectasis. Despite the dominant of neutrophilic disease, eosinophilic subtypes are recognized and may require specific treatments. Neutrophilic inflammation is associated with elevated bacterial loads and chronic infection with organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Loss of diversity of the normal lung microbiota and dominance of proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas and Haemophilus are features of severe bronchiectasis and link to poor outcomes. Ciliary dysfunction is also a key feature, exemplified by the rare genetic syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Mucus symptoms arise through goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia and reduced ciliary function through dyskinesia and loss of ciliated cells. The contribution of chronic inflammation, infection, and mucus obstruction leads to progressive structural lung damage. The heterogeneity of the disease is the most challenging aspect of management. An understanding of the pathophysiology of disease and their biomarkers can help to guide personalized medicine approaches utilizing the concept of "treatable traits."

Renewable energy in EU-China relations: Policy interdependence and its geopolitical implications

The geopolitical implications of renewable energy involve changes beyond the immediate impact on energy and commodity streams. Energy policies of individual countries affect each other via different economic and political channels. This paper studies the role of renewable energy in EU-China relations, two leading powers in the field of renewable energy. Both polities have recently increased their individual ambitions towards decarbonisation of their domestic energy systems, and renewables play an increasingly important role in shaping their bilateral dealings. We therefore ask what influence renewable energy has on the relationship between both sides. To capture the effect, we employ the concept of policy interdependence in four areas related to renewable energy namely climate, energy, industry, and trade and investment policy. While these are often seen as separate fields, they are all related to renewable energy. Findings indicate that renewable energy has the potential to be a determinant of bilateral relations. Renewable energy contributed to greater alignment between the EU and China in the past, while increasing recourse to policy choices based on national priorities today creates obstacles to further cooperation. However, the patterns of policy interdependence identified in this study also suggest potential for renewed cooperation in the field of energy policy, depending on the capability of policymakers to see beyond the current structure of the bilateral relationship.

Strategy and Steering in Governance: The Changing Fates of the Argentine Planning Council

Based on a detailed study of the return of national-level planning in Argentina as embodied by COFEPLAN, the national planning council, we develop a conceptual framework to analyse the possibilities and limits of steering in governance. We lean on the theoretical apparatus of evolutionary governance theory and use the concepts of goal dependency, interdependency, path dependency and material dependency (effects in governance) to analyse the reality effects of strategy (effects of governance). Methodologically, our study relies on archival work and semi-structured interviews with planning scholars and public officials from different levels of government. We show that, although material and discursive reality effects were abundant in the evolution of Argentine planning policies, dependencies and discontinuities undermined both the central steering ambitions of the government and the innovative potential of the new planning schemes. The dramatic history of the Argentine planning system allows us to grasp the nature of dependencies in a new way. Shocks in general undermine long-term perspectives and higher-level planning, but they can also create windows of opportunity. The internal complexity and the persistence of Peronist ideology in Argentina can account for the revivals of national-level planning, in very different ideological contexts, but the recurring shocks, the stubborn difference between rhetoric and reality, the reliance on informality, created a landscape of fragmented governance and often weak institutional capacity. In that landscape, steering through national-level planning becomes a tall order.

Food Sector as an Interactive Business World: A Framework for Research on Innovations

The objective of this paper is to enhance the dominant research perspective of innovations in the food market (power or supply chain centric) with an interactive/network approach. Many scholars identify the development challenges facing the food sector, including economic factors, changes in lifestyle, climate change, changes to the food consumption mix, shrinkage of Earth’s resources and interactions between food production and the environment, in the context of sustainable development. A new approach to innovations in the food market may shift it towards a more sustainable path of development. Based on a literature review, we present the specific conditions for innovation in the food market and discuss previous research as being focused on the power of operators and flows in supply chains. Methodologically, this paper puts these considerations in the context of interaction and business networks. We note that the concept of power and dependence can be embedded with the concept of interdependence, and flows in supply chains can be replaced by the concept of cooperation in business networks. We conceptualize a research framework based on innovative activities in business relationships and networks and we propose the following themes as research avenues for further research: (1) What drives innovation in food ecosystems? (2) When is the power-centric approach to innovations more effective than taking the perspective of interdependence? (3) How do network-born innovations develop in the food sector? (4) How do actors handle innovation in their business models? (5) What is the impact of innovations on the food sector?

Stable Mobilities and Mobile Stabilities in Rural Estonian Communities

Abstract By analyzing the relations of communities and places in sparsely located rural areas, this article argues that rural community is not a stable unity tied to a place, but a phenomenon closely tied to its members’ connections to the interdependent concept of urban/rural, especially in terms of their mobility practices. In this study, the new mobilities paradigm was applied to reveal how everyday relational and routine aspects connected to material, structural, socio-cultural and economic conditioning dynamically intertwine to form a rural community. The analysis is based on three regional case studies in Estonian sparsely populated areas, which are diverse in terms of geographical location, demographic composition, type of settlement, history, and welfare conditions. By using qualitative in-depth interviews with people (N=60) who were involved with the locations, the article analyses everyday mobilities in these communities, especially in terms of interrelatedness to structural, social and material factors. The study has brought out interrelated themes that are connected to the use of rural representations in terms of individual and social self-reflection, the importance of social and material infrastructures, and the dynamics of these borders in communities and shaping community relations.

Interdependence in Action

Prior work on AI-enabled assistive technology (AT) for people with visual impairments (VI) has treated navigation largely as an independent activity. Consequently, much effort has focused on providing individual users with wayfinding details about the environment, including information on distances, proximity, obstacles, and landmarks. However, independence is also achieved by people with VI through interacting with others, such as in collaboration with sighted guides. Drawing on the concept of interdependence, this research presents a systematic analysis of sighted guiding partnerships. Using interaction analysis as our primary mode of data analysis, we conducted an empirical, qualitative study with 4 couples, each made up of person with a vision impairment and their sighted guide. Our results show how pairs used interactional resources such as turn-taking and body movements to both co-constitute a common space for navigation, and repair moments of rupture to this space. This work is used to present an exemplary case of interdependence and draws out implications for designing AI-enabled AT that shifts the emphasis away from independent navigation, and towards the carefully coordinated actions between people navigating together.

Analysis of the Iran-SEA cooperation (Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand) in facing US economic sanctions

This research aims to discuss cooperation on economic sector between Iran and Southeast Asia (SEA) especially with Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand after the implementation of US economic sanctions against Iran. The authors take samples from three countries; Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand because the country has very good economic growth in the Southeast Asian Region. The concept used to analyze this research is the concept of interdependence from Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye which sees how Iran and the three countries in Southeast Asia need each other. The method used in this study is a qualitative method consisting of primary data and secondary data. In the primary data, the authors interviewed several figures relevant to this topic such as the Iranian Trade Attaché in Indonesia and Iranian institutions in Indonesia. While the secondary data by taking literature related to Iran’s cooperation with Southeast Asia in particular three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The results show that the Iran-SEA cooperation is not only beneficial for Iran, but also for SEA, in this case, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand as the best markets in Southeast Asia.

Assessing Policy Issue Interdependencies in Environmental Governance

The ability to effectively resolve complex environmental problems hinges upon the capacity to address several different challenges in concert. These challenges, what we refer to as policy issues, often relate to one another – they interdepend. Policy issue interdependency has been extensively theorised in the literature, yet few methodological approaches and little empirical evidence exist to translate the concept of policy issue interdependency to the on-the-ground realities facing policy actors in specific cases and contexts. We build from previous studies to develop a methodological procedure that investigates policy issue interdependencies in ways that take into account what measures and possible solutions policy actors have at their disposal in specific cases for specific environmental problems. By applying our methodological procedure to a case of water governance in Sweden, four insights emerged. First, validation by stakeholders confirms that our procedure produces reliable results. Second, we find that many, but certainly not all, policy issues are interdependent. More specifically, different patterns of policy issue interdependencies are associated with the biophysical and the governance spheres, respectively. Third, our results suggest that policy issue interdependencies are most important to consider when the overall level of interdependency is moderate. Last, our study raises new questions about policy actors’ perception of policy issue interdependencies. In particular, a key question for future research would be if reinforcing (win-win) or counteracting (trade-off) interdependencies are easier to comprehend and act on for policy actors.

The Destruction of Statehood and the Color Revolutions under Russian International Law Doctrine

Has Russian international law doctrine changed in relation to the post-Soviet states since the annexation of Crimea? This paper analyses two interdependent concepts of the contemporary Russian international law doctrine - the ‘color revolutions’ and the ‘destruction of statehood’ - in the context of geopolitical competition over the post-Soviet space. In brief, the term color revolution is used by Russia to describe events that it categorizes as illegal regime-changes used to remove pro-Russian politicians from power under the guise of democracy. In the same context, Russia has developed another key concept, i.e. the ‘destruction of statehood’. First referred to in 2008, it has since 2014 become a more encompassing and innovative legal doctrine to counter color revolutions in Russia’s neighboring states. Under this doctrine, Russia reserves a right to ‘un-recognize’ a target state if it categorizes the situation as an illegal regime change that has destroyed the target’s statehood. Controversially, this results in Russia no longer being bound by its treaty obligations with this state. Especially since 2014, Russia has developed political and legal tools in multilateral documents to counter future color revolutions. While it has been unable to convince the international community to accept its new interpretations, it has been more successful within its closest allies in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and, to a lesser extent, in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). This may have significant political consequences in the future.

Writing Edessa into the Roman Empire*

The Syriac tradition presents an exceptional opportunity to investigate how the people of a late Roman frontier articulated local community affiliation against the backdrop of the larger Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. Over the last decade, Syrian/Syriac identity and Roman identity in late antique Syria-Mesopotamia have emerged as topics of increasing interest. In concentrating on ethnicity, however, studies of specifically local affiliations have generally left unexamined the other modes of group identification which may have been equally or more salient. This essay fills that gap by excavating non-ethnic means of constructing local and regional identity in three Syriac texts written in and about Edessa in the pivotal century around 500 CE: the Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, the Chronicle of Edessa (540), and Euphemia and the Goth. Across their differences in date and genre, these three texts demonstrate a convergent set of strategies for reconciling Edessa and its neighbors to the Roman Empire at large. Crucially, all three project notions of local belonging which focus not on ethnic markers but on particular places: in the first instance, on the city. Drawing from cultural geography’s interdependent concept of “place,” the essay shows how in these texts local identity emerges from the interaction of city, church, and empire; Edessa’s connections to the wider Roman world serve not to negate but to articulate its specificity as a community. Moreover, such place-based means of identification could be extended to frame larger regional communities too, as Ps.-Joshua does in its most distinctive moments.

Dampak Revolusi Energi Amerika Serikat Terhadap Perekonomian Arab Saudi

The relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia originated largely from oil trade. Meanwhile, in 2014 to 2017 the United States energy revolution, that make United States as the world most large oil producer, became one of the causes of the number of oil imports as well as the US oil dependency from Saudi Arabia to decline. This research is trying to find out the impact of the United States energy revolution on the economy of Saudi Arabia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method using secondary data. By using documentation collection data technic, the research also using online data to enrich the data. This study uses the concept of interdependence in the economic impact of the United States Energy Revolution on Saudi Arabia. This research found the fact that the United States made Saudi Arabia suffer losses due to reduced income and this made Saudi Arabia want to diversify their economies.

AI assistive technology for extending sighted guiding

Prior work on AI-enabled assistive technology (AT) for people with visual impairments (VI) has treated navigation largely as an independent activity. Consequently, much effort has focused on providing individual users with wayfinding details about the environment, including information on distances, proximity, obstacles, and landmarks. However, independence is also achieved by people with VI through interacting with others, such as through sighted guiding in navigation. Drawing on the concept of interdependence, this research aims to (1) present an exemplary case of interdependence and draw out important implications for designing AI-enabled AT; (2) propose and evaluate a prototype that enhances social interactions in sighted guiding and aids navigation.