Interdental Space Research Articles

VERIFICATION OF ANGIOPROTECTIVE AND ANTI–INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF VACCINIUM MYTILLUS, VACCINIUM ARCTOSTAPHYLOS IN EXPERIMENT

The dental system is a complex mechanism that includes a number of connective tissue structures that have specific properties and perform a number of functions, in particular, protective. One of the main barrier elements of the oral cavity is the mucous membrane lining it, throughout its length, having a different morphological structure. The most frequently pathological process is the periodontal tissue, which consists of attached and non-attached gums, bone alveoli, cementum of the tooth root and periodontal ligament of the tooth. At present, all periodontal diseases are usually divided into inflammatory and primary dystrophic, while a number of authors have found that in its pure form, the dystrophic process is detected no more than 1–8% of all diseases and is characterized as a generalised process against the background of general somatic pathology. The frequency of occurrence of periodontal diseases varies from 60 to 85% in the working population, which determines the relevance of studying therapeutic measures aimed at their relief and is the purpose of this study.The aim of the study was to investigate the angioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of Vaccinium mytillus, Vaccinium arctostaphylos in experiment.Materials and methods. In this experimental work, the authors developed a model of periodontal damage in experimental animals (Vistar rats, weight – 25–300 g) under the conditions of drug loading with chloral hydrate, in accordance with the Directive on the Protection of Vertebrate Animals of 2000 and extracts from the act of Local Ethical Committee. The model was created by inflicting a single injury with a sharp object in the projection of the interdental space in the frontal segment of the mandible. The proper pathological condition was recorded on the 5–7th day; the verification of the morphological changes in some of the animals was being made by fragmenting the frontal segment of the lower jaw, followed by a pathological and histological examination. Then, the control group of animals was treated applied gel, made of Vaccinium mytillus, Vaccinium arctostaphylos to stop the process for 2 weeks. For comparison, the main group was treated with a gel without the inclusion of a drug component. At the end of the course of conservative therapy, according to the design of the study, biopsy specimens were taken again in both groups to evaluate the results of the conservative therapy provided.Results. According to the patho-histological study in the biopsy specimens of the damaged periodontium, the animals, revealed morphological disorders corresponding to chronic periodontal disease. At the stage of treatment in the control group, positive dynamics was noted both according to the clinical examination and after the pathological and histological examination of biopsy specimens in the comparison groups.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the presence of anti-inflammatory and angioprotective effect of medicament compositions based on Vaccinium mytillus, Vaccinium arctostaphylos, which will be further tested in clinical trials.

Periodontal pathogens of the interdental microbiota in a 3 months pregnant population with an intact periodontium.

Steroid hormones and the oral microbiota of pregnant women both appear as cumulative risk factors for gingivitis. This cross-sectional study, using real-time PCR, investigated the composition and diversity of the microbiota in interdental spaces of 3 months pregnant women with intact periodontium according the 2018 EFP/AAP classification. Bacteria identified were belonged to the red (Porphyromonas gingivalis Treponema denticola, and Tanerella forsythia), orange (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Parvimonas micra), and green (Eikenella corrodens and A. actinomycetencomitans) Socransky complexes. Approximatively 109.11 bacteria were counted per interdental space in pregnant women. Bacteria from the red complex represented 33.80% versus 62.81% for the orange group versus 3.39% for the green group of the total number spread over the 3 groups. Dietary habits and physical activity did not have a significant impact on interdental microbiota, although a decrease in the median amount of 9 periodontopathogens was observed when fruit and vegetable consumption increased. Pregnant women who brushed their teeth at least twice a day had lower counts of total bacteria and 9 periodontal pathogens than those who brushed less. In 3 months pregnant women at high risk of periodontal disease (>30% bleeding sites), the dendogram revealed 2 clusters of the 9 periodontopathogens. This provides further support for the "key pathogen" hypothesis, among which Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role, indicating that specific bacteria in limited quantities can influence the host immune system and convert the microbiota from symbiotic to dysbiotic to induce inflammatory disorder. As a result, this study reported that 3 months pregnant women with healthy periodontium had high levels of interdental bleeding and a dysbiotic microbiota with periodontal pathogens of the Socransky orange and red complexes. These subjects were therefore potentially at increased risk of developing periodontal disease and, consequently, an adverse pregnancy outcome. So, preventive oral prophylaxis measures, in particular individual interdental prophylaxis, should be implemented as soon as pregnancy is established.

Assessment of knowledge and usage of interdental aids among clinical dental students of a Neo capital region: A cross sectional survey

Brief Background - Dental floss is highly recommended interdental aid for tight contacts. Interdental brushes, on the other hand, are used for wider interdental spaces. Both the American Dental Association and the British Dental Association recommend using dental floss on a daily basis in conjunction to tooth brushing. The fact that dentists and clinical students do not routinely recommend dental floss to every patient can be attributed to a lack of emphasis on the subject in the dental curriculum. Hence this study was conducted with a purpose to assess the knowledge and use of interdental aids among clinical dental students. Materials and Methods - A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey consisting of 12 questions was carried out among third year, final-year students and interns of the dental institution in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Descriptive statistics were computed. Results - 19.3% of clinical dental students are unaware of any interdental aids. 51.4% stated that they are familiar with both dental floss and interdental brushes. According to 88.6% of those surveyed interdental aids should be utilized atleast once a week together with the toothpaste. Only a small proportion of students(15.7%) thought that regularly passing was required. Interdental aids are exclusively recommended to patients who have food impaction by the students, not to all patients. Conclusions - The study concluded that 92.1% of dental students are aware that interdental aids have a positive impact in the dental practice; yet they do not recommend them to every patient and do not use them themselves. Key Words - Dental floss, Dental students, Interdental, Tooth brush

What’s new for the clinician – summaries of recently published papers

Interdental cleaning devices in the form of dental floss and interdental brushes have traditionally being used as adjuncts to plaque removal in the interproximal areas of teeth. However, their routine use among younger adolescents has been reported in many studies to be less than optimal. In orthodontic patients, fixed braces promote supra- and subgingival accumulation of biofilm by impeding oral hygiene resulting in an altered oral microbiome, enamel decalcification and gingivitis1. It was recently shown that patients with upper and lower multibracket appliances are affected significantly more frequently by gingivitis (65%) and white spot lesions (30%).1 Additionally, in the predominantly young orthodontic patients, interdental spaces are often too narrow to use interdental brushes and flossing is challenging and time-consuming. Oral irrigators are easy to use even in the presence of orthodontic braces and are therefore favoured by many patients. Most oral irrigators use a stream of water only to mechanically remove plaque from interproximal areas but there are also oral irrigators which use a mixture of air and water, called microburst technology.

Malocclusion in cats associated with mandibular soft tissue trauma: a retrospective case-control study.

The aim of this study was to determine whether an association existed between cephalometric measurements, maxillomandibular dental arch distances and the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions in the mandibular soft tissues of cats. Cats that had presented for dental consultations and that underwent cone-beam CT during diagnostic assessment were included in the study and categorised as cases and controls in a 1:2 ratio. Cases were designated as cats with a clinical diagnosis of malocclusion causing trauma to the buccal mandibular soft tissues or pyogenic granuloma secondary to the trauma, and controls were designated as cats with the absence of such diagnoses and without a history of other musculoskeletal anomalies in the head. Cephalometric measurements, including skull and facial indexes, as well as distances and angulations between dental crowns and crown tips, were calculated and analysed statistically. In total, 72 cats (24 cases and 48 controls) were included in the study. Cephalometric measurements revealed a significant association between the skull and facial indexes and the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions in the caudal teeth. Brachycephaly was a strong predictor of the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions. In addition, the space between crown tips and teeth angulations was a contributing factor to the trauma. Cats with traumatic malocclusions in the cheek teeth tend to present a narrower interdental space between the maxillary and mandibular carnassial teeth, mostly attributed to skeletal and dental malocclusion. These findings can be used to help raise awareness about this disease in cats and its association with brachycephaly. Cut-off values have been proposed and could be used in the selection of cats by breeders to reduce the occurrence of this disease.

Evaluation of the clinical safety and performance of a narrow diameter (2.9 mm) bone-level implant: a 1-year prospective single-arm multicenter study

PurposeNarrow-diameter implants facilitate single‐tooth restoration when interdental or inter-implant spaces and bone volume are inadequate for using standard diameter implants. This study reports the short-term data on the clinical safety and performance of a bone-level-tapered two-piece implant with a 2.9 mm diameter in the clinical practice setting. This study was retrospectively registered on March 1st, 2016 (NCT02699866).MethodsImplants were placed in partially healed extraction sockets of the central and lateral incisors in the mandible and lateral incisors in the maxilla for single-tooth replacement. The primary outcome was to assess implant survival at 12 months after placement. Secondary outcomes included implant success, pink esthetic score, marginal bone-level changes, and safety.ResultsTwenty four males and 17 females with a mean age of 44.5 (± 18.3 standard deviation) received the implant. Three out of 41 implants were lost yielding a survival rate of 92.7% (95%-CI: 79.0%; 97.6%) at 1 year. One patient reported an ongoing foreign body sensation, pain, and/or dysesthesia at month 12. The average pink esthetic score at 6 months was 11.2 (95%-CI: 10.5; 11.9). The bone level was stable with a mean bone-level change of—0.3 mm (± 0.42 mm standard deviation) at 1 year after implantation. No serious adverse events or adverse device events were reported.ConclusionsThe use of a 2.9 mm diameter bone-level-tapered implant is a safe and reliable treatment option for narrow tooth gaps at the indicated locations. Overall performance and good survival rates support their use in cases, where wider implants are unsuitable.Graphical abstract

Description of a new laboratory evaluation method of interdental brush abrasion as a clinical hazard.

To simulate the abrasive potential of an interdental brush when applied with toothpastes and prophylactic gels/solutions in a novel laboratory brushing simulation set-up. A brushing device was customized to treat dentin samples mimicking a simplified interdental space with an interdental brush (ISO 2). The brushing, that is, 7200 strokes for 1 h, was performed with artificial saliva (control), a povidone-iodine solution, and slurries of chlorhexidine and fluoride gels as well as three toothpastes with different RDA values ranging from 29 to 100, respectively. The loss of dentin was profilometrically assessed and compared with ANOVA and Fishers LSD. While artificial saliva as control, the solution and the gel slurries showed no measurable dentin loss, toothpastes resulted in a measurable linear surface damage with respect to the actual intrinsic RDA values and ranged from 12.6 to 26.5 μm (p < 0.001). Any interdental cleaning product should be tailored and carefully instructed. Any over- and misuse should be avoided, which applies especially to the use of interdental brushes in combination with abrasive toothpastes.

Influence of interdental spaces and the palate on the accuracy of maxillary scans acquired using different intraoral scanners.

To assess the influence of interdental spaces and scanning the palate on the accuracy of maxillary scans acquired using three intraoral scanners (IOSs). A virtual completely dentate maxillary cast without interdental spaces was obtained and modified to create 1, 2, and 3mm of interdental spacing between the anterior teeth. These three files (reference standard tessellation language files) were used to print three reference casts. The reference casts were scanned using three IOSs: TRIOS4, iTero Element 5D, and Aoralscan2. Three groups were created based on the interdental spaces: 0, 1, 2, and 3mm (n = 10). The groups were subdivided into two subgroups: no palate (NP subgroup) and palate (P subgroup). The reference STL files were used to measure the discrepancy with the experimental scans by calculating the root mean square (RMS) error. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey pairwise comparison tests were used to analyze trueness. The Levene test was used to analyze precision (α = 0.05). Trueness ranged from 91 to 139μm and precision ranged from 5 to 23μm among the subgroups tested. A significant correlation was found between IOS*group (p<0.001) and IOS*subgroup ( p<0.001). Tukey test showed significant trueness differences among the interdental spaces tested (p<0.001). The 1- and 2-mm groups obtained better trueness than the 0- and 3-mm groups (p<0.001). An 11μm mean trueness discrepancy was measured among the different interdental space groups tested. The P subgroups demonstrated significantly higher trueness when compared to the NP subgroups (p<0.001). The discrepancy between the maxillary scans with and without the palate was 4μm. Significant precision discrepancies were found (p = 0.008), with the iTero group showing the lowest precision. Interdental spaces and incorporation of the palate on maxillary intraoral scans influenced trueness and precision of the three IOSs tested. However, the scanning discrepancy measured may be of no clinical relevance.

WILLIAMS BEUREN SYNDROME, A SHORT COMMUNICATION OF A PECULIAR CASE

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare congenital disorder that includes cardiovascular problems, mental retardation, distinctive facial features and dental anomalies. This case report the treatment of a tooth fracture after dental trauma in a 13-year-old male with WBS syndrome. Intraoral clinical examination revealed anterior interdental space and enamel hypoplasia in incisors. Dental treatment included: The fracture tooth fragment was restored after basic behavioral orientation

Quantitative Evaluation of the Infrazygomatic Crest Thickness in Polish Subjects: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Infrazygomatic crest (IZC) mini-implants are frequently used as an absolute anchorage when intrusive or distally directed forces are required during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thickness of the IZC area in Polish patients as well as to assess dependency between bone availability, sex, and age. The study material was 100 cone beam computed tomography scans (CBCT) of the maxilla of patients of the University Dental Clinic in Krakow (50 men and women each). IZC bone thickness was measured at nine different points. The biggest bone thickness was recorded in the interdental space between the first and second molar at the height of 12 mm (6.03 ± 2.64 mm). The thinnest bone depth was localized at the level of the mesial root of the first molar, 16 mm above the occlusal plane (2.42 ± 2.16). There was a significant and negative correlation between bone thickness and age in the case of measurements taken buccally to the first molar. Only two out of nine measurements showed a sex dependency (points I2 and I3). Considering vertical and sagittal dimensions, the most favorable conditions for IZC mini-implant placement were found interdentally, between the first and second molar, 12 mm above the occlusal plane.

Анализ конструктивных и технологических особенностей шестеренчатых насосов

The article presents the main design and technological features of gear pumps with a description of the contacts of the gear wheels during their interaction and manufacturing accuracy. The increase in contacts in the interdental space reduces the pulsation by 75%, the noise level by 5 decibels. The use of helical gears increases the efficiency of gear pumps and reduces pulsation. External gear pump with axial compensation with high precision and high quality materials resistant to fatigue. Internal gear pumps have a compact body and are less noisy. In practice, external gear pumps are most commonly used due to their simple design and low cost. The gear pump housing is subject to wear due to high pressure. During operation of the pump, uneven stresses occur, which leads to fatigue loads on the shaft in one direction. Additional pulsation entails oscillations of the structure. The gear pump’s own vibrations contribute to its failure, especially if the rotation speed is 100,000 cycles. During the operation of a gear pump, noise occurs that can be dampened with silencers or dampers, which increases the price of the pump. The interdental spaces of a gear pump are prone to cavitation during sudden pressure surges, which increases wear. To eliminate wear, pulsation, vibration, noise, a new design of the gear pump is proposed using various types of oils and methods for correcting the shape of the teeth.

Intermittent parathyroid hormone enhances the healing of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw lesions in rice rats.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a potentially severe adverse event in patients treated with antiresorptives. Management of MRONJ is challenging, and no non-antibiotic, established medical treatment exists. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) has been used off-label to treat MRONJ with favorable results. However, its medical efficacy has rarely been substantiated in clinical or preclinical experiments. Using a validated rice rat, infection-based model of MRONJ, we evaluated the effects of iPTH on established MRONJ. We hypothesize that iPTH contributes to MRONJ resolution by enhancing alveolar bone turnover and healing oral soft tissues. Eighty-four rice rats began a standard rodent chow diet at age 4 weeks to induce localized periodontitis. Rats were simultaneously randomized to receive saline (vehicle, VEH) or zoledronic acid (ZOL, 80 μg/kg IV) every 4 weeks. Oral exams were conducted bi-weekly to assign a gross quadrant grade (GQG, 0-4) to evaluate any lesion at the lingual aspect of the interdental space between maxillary molar (M2) and M3. 14 of 20 VEH-treated rice rats (70%) developed maxillary localized periodontitis with GQG 2-3 after 30 ± 10 weeks of saline. Additionally, 40 of 64 ZOL-treated rice rats with periodontitis developed MRONJ-like lesions after 30 ± 10 weeks of ZOL treatment. Rice rats with localized periodontitis or MRONJ-like lesions were treated with saline or iPTH (40 μg/kg) subcutaneously (SC) 3 times/week For 6 weeks until euthanasia. We found that iPTH -treated ZOL rats had a lower prevalence of MRONJ (p < 0.001), with lower severity extent of oral lesions (p = 0.003) and percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae (p < 0.001). ZOL rats treated with iPTH displayed a higher osteoblast surface (p < 0.001), more osteoblasts (p < 0.001), higher osteoclast surface (p < 0.001) and more osteoclasts (p = 0.002) at alveolar bone surfaces than ZOL/VEH rats. Greater gingival epithelial thickness and epithelial cell proliferation rate was found in the oral mucosa and gingiva of ZOL/PTH rats than in ZOL/VEH rats (p < 0.001). Our data suggest that iPTH is an efficacious non-operative medicinal therapy that accelerates oral healing and enhances the resolution of MRONJ lesions in ZOL-treated rice rats.

Minimally Invasive Treatment of Lateral Incisors with Guided One-Piece or Two-Piece Titanium-Made Narrow Diameter Implants: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Up to Two Years Follow-Up.

Restoring teeth with dental implants has become the gold standard in recent years, especially in the esthetic zone. However, limited amount of available bone as well as limited interdental space in the anterior zone may create problems for implant treatment. Narrow diameter implants (NDI) may be a treatment option to resolve the above-mentioned limitations and providing minimally invasive implant therapy without additional regenerative procedures. In this retrospective study, a comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes between one-piece and two-piece titanium-made NDIs was done with the follow-up of two years after loading. Twenty-three NDI cases were analyzed, 11 in the one-piece implant group (group one) and 12 in the two-piece implant group (group two). The outcomes were implant and prosthetic failures, any complications occurred, peri-implant bone level changes, and as well as the Pink Esthetic score. No implant or prosthetic failures, as well as, no complications were reported at the two-year follow-up examination. At the same time the marginal bone loss was 0.23 ± 0.11 in the group one and 0.18 ± 0.12 in the group two. Difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3339). The Pink Esthetic Score, recorded two years after definitive loading, was 12.6 ± 0.97 in the group one and 12.2 ± 0.92 in the group two, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.3554). With the limitations of the present study, including the small sample size and short follow-up, it is possible to conclude that either one and two-piece NDI can be successfully used to restore lateral incisors with comparable results within the two years of follow-up.

The effect of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligner: a 4D finite-element study with staging simulation

IntroductionLong-term simulation of tooth movement is crucial for clear aligner (CA) treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maxillary molar distalization with CA via an automatic staging simulation.MethodA finite-element method (FEM) model of maxillary dentition, periodontal ligaments, attachments, and corresponding CA was established, and a prescribed 2-mm distalization with 0.1 mm each step of the second molar was simulated. The long-term tooth movement under orthodontic force was simulated with an iterative computation method. The morphologic changes of CA during staging were simulated with the thermal expansion method.ResultsTwenty steps of molar distalization were simulated. Significant distal tilting of the second molar was revealed, along with the proclination of anterior teeth, which caused the ‘reversed bow effect’. For the second molar, 4.63°distal tilting at the 20th step was revealed. The intrusion of the incisors and the second molar were 0.43 mm, 0.39 mm, and 0.45 mm, respectively, at step 20. All the anterior teeth showed a proclination of approximately 1.41°–2.01° at the 20th step. The expression rate of the designed distalization of the second molar was relatively low (approximately 68%) compared to the high efficacy of interdental space opening between molars with CA (approximately 89%).ConclusionA novel method of simulating long-term molar distalization with CA with FEM was developed. The FEM results suggested distal tilting of the second molar and the proclination of anterior teeth during the molar distalization.

Influence of the Impact Angle on Machining in Powder Jet Processing

Powder jet machining is a blast machining process in which micrometer-order particles are projected onto a workpiece at near-supersonic speeds, to remove the workpiece (abrasive jet machining (AJM)) or to deposit the particles (powder jet deposition (PJD)). We report a novel dental treatment method for powder jet machining using hydroxyapatite, which is the main component of teeth, as deposited particles. The surfaces and interdental spaces of human teeth are not only flat, but also have complex groove structures. However, PJD and AJM exhibit impact-angle-dependent machining phases. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the particle impact angle on machining, before dental treatment. Furthermore, because machining interacts not only with the particle impact angle but also with the particle impact velocity, a comprehensive investigation of the effects of the machining parameters is required, for delineating the phase-transition conditions. Accordingly, in this study, we conducted machining experiments using hydroxyapatite particles (particle diameter, 2.16 μm) and four different blasting angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, to infer the machining amount. Machining efficiency was evaluated based on the amount of machining. The impact angles and velocities of the particles were calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Three-dimensional process mapping was performed using the machining amount, particle impact angle, and particle impact velocity, obtained from the experiments and CFD calculations. The results showed that PJD crossed to AJM at the impact angle of approximately 60°. Moreover, PJD exhibited high processing efficiency for impact angles above 60° and impact velocities in the 280–310 m/s range. In contrast, AJM exhibited high processing efficiency for impact angles below approximately 35° and impact velocities above 310 m/s.

Ispitivanje korelacije nivoa gubitka alveolarne kosti u interdentalnom i interradikularnom prostoru primenom radiografske analize

Introduction: One of the consequences of the presence of periodontitis is the loss of alveolar bone in the interdental and interradicular space. Bone loss is very important for assessing the severity of the disease and applying therapeutic procedures. Aim: The objective was to determine and compare the loss of interdental and interradicular alveolar bone using radiographic analysis. Material and methods: 100 patients, aged 40 to 60 years, with chronic periodontitis and involvement of grade III and IV furcations in mandibular molars were examined. After orthopantomographic imaging, morphological measurements of mesial and distal interdental bone loss were performed, as well as the measurements of interradicular space. Then, their interrelationship was analyzed. Results: The mean value of mesial interdental bone loss was 5.90 ± 2.4mm, and the mean value of distal was 6.1 ± 6.1mm, while the mean value of interradicular bone loss was 3.55 ± 5.1mm. The correlation between interradicular and interdental bone loss was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). A higher correlation was present in respondents older than 50 years compared to younger respondents. Regarding gender, no statistically significant difference was observed between the examined bone levels. Interradicular bone loss of 0.8 mm and more was observed in subjects with bone loss in the interdental area of at least 3.7 mm. Conclusion: The results show that there is a correlation between the loss of alveolar bone levels in the interdental and interradicular space of the molars in chronic periodontitis, so interdental and interradicular bone loss can be used as an additional test in diagnosing the disease. Additional research is needed, which would include the use of three-dimensional radiography to determine the severity of the disease and therapeutic procedures.

Evaluation of trabecular bone in individuals with periodontitis using fractal analysis: An observational cross-sectional study.

It is very difficult to objectively evaluate the negative changes in bone structure due to periodontitis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone structure between healthy individuals and periodontitis patients by fractal analysis (FA) on digital panoramic radiographs. The study included 50 periodontally healthy individuals (control group), 50 individuals with Stage 1 periodontitis (S1-P group), 50 individuals with Stage 2 periodontitis (S2-P), and 50 individuals with Stage 3 periodontitis (S3-P), a total of 200 individuals were included. The fractal dimension (FD) value of the trabecular bone in the interdental space between mandibular first molar and second premolar tooth roots was evaluated using Image J program. The mean FD values of the two regions were calculated by box counting method. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of all periodontal parameter values (p<0.05). The mean FD values of individuals diagnosed with periodontitis were 1.36±0.08 in the S1-P group, 1.35±0.07 in the S2-P group, 1.28±0.15 in the S3-P group, and 1.44±0.06 in the control group. When the FD values between the groups were examined, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference between the control and individuals with periodontitis, and the mean FD values were significantly higher in the healthy group (p<0.05). The best receiver operator curve was identified for periodontitis at the ≤1.409 cut-off FD value (area under the curve: 0.828; 95% CI: 0.758-0.899); p=0.000, p<0.001). FD evaluation can give an objective result about the effect of periodontitis on alveolar bone. The FD values of trabecular bone are different in healthy individuals and individuals with different stages of periodontitis. The findings suggested that a negative correlation between the periodontal data with the sites in which FD was measured and as the periodontitis stage progresses, FD decreases. Key words:Diagnosis, Periodontal Diseases, Radiographic Evaluation.

Comparison between subjective and colorimetric probe technique in grading interdental embrasure spaces in esthetic zone

Comparison between subjective and colorimetric probe technique in grading interdental embrasure spaces in esthetic zone

Mini-dental implants: an overview

Mini-dental implants (MDIs) are defined as dental implants with a diameter of less than 3 mm, made of the same biocompatible material as conventional dental implants. Their use to replace missing teeth as well as to support complete overdentures is very well documented in the literature. Additional indications for their use include placement in interdental spaces with insufficient space to warrant placement of conventional dental implants and in cases where surgical bone augmentation procedures are contraindicated. In general, MDIs are less invasive, require less time, result in less post-operative morbidity and are more cost effective in comparison to conventional dental implants. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental implants are the fastest growing area in dentistry and MDIs have been exhibiting an increase in popularity. They are considered a viable treatment option due to their associated decreased surgical morbidity, their clinical efficiency with immediate-loading being the norm and above all cost-effectiveness.

A Comparative Study Between Hybrid Abutments and Standard Abutments in Implant-Supported Prosthesis: A Split-Mouth Clinical Trial.

Background Implant-supported prostheses are widely used to replace extracted teeth. Therefore, studies on abutments' designs, shapes, and benefits hadincreased in recent years, as the design of the standard abutment still poses many problems in periodontal and cosmetic aspects. So, could the hybrid abutment solve some of these problems? Aim We aim to conduct a clinical comparison between standard and hybrid abutments in terms of the state of peri-implant gingival tissues and patients' aesthetic and functional satisfaction after the cementation of the final prostheses. Material and methods The study sample consisted of 10 patients, with 20 dental implants. Each patient received two implants as a standard abutment was placed over one implant and a hybrid abutment was placed over the other. Clinical assessment of the peri-implant gingival tissue and patients' aesthetic and functional satisfaction was performed (immediately, three months, six months, and one year) after the cementation of the final prostheses. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to detect statistically significant differences between groups. Results The percentage of the thick gingival biotype was 80%, and the percentage of the thin gingival biotype was 20% in each group during the follow-up periods. In addition, all papillafill the whole interdental space in all samples of the two groupsafter six months and one year. Finally, there were no significant differences in patients' aesthetic satisfaction between groups during one year of follow-up (P = 0.631), and there were no significant differences in patients' functional satisfaction between groups during one year of follow-up(P = 0.684). Conclusion Within the limitations of the current work, there are no differences betweenstandard and hybrid abutments in terms of affecting the peri-implant gingival tissue and patients' aesthetic and functional satisfaction.