Intercourse In Women Research Articles

Early relationship experiences in women with sexual pain: a psychodynamic approach to the interactional function of body symptoms

Sexual pain and difficulties with sexual intercourse in women, formerly diagnosed as dyspareunia and vaginismus and reconceptualised as genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (DSM-5) or sexual pain-penetration disorder (ICD-11), have caused widespread discussions in the clinical and scientific community for decades, mainly due to differential-diagnostic difficulties. Meanwhile, their developmental origin has remained under-theorised. Standard diagnostic guidelines like ICD or DSM lack psychodynamic considerations about their origins. Valuable approaches to understanding those phenomena have been commonly neglected. The aim of this study was to compare inductively obtained information from women with experiences with vaginismus (n=17) and dyspareunia (n=11) about their relationships with primary caregivers from biographic-narrative interviews. Our mixed-method analysis involved two steps: a first qualitative assessment drew on psychoanalytically informed research principles and the development of a coding frame, which was used by two independent raters to code the material; in a second step, coded experiences were statistically compared between the two groups using Fisher’s exact tests to explore similarities and differences. Integrating results with theoretical psychodynamic work, we suggest that the postulation of interactional functions of conversion and somatisation, based on early experiences with primary objects, adds significantly to the conceptualisation of dyspareunia and vaginismus. Results indicate that vaginismus might represent a conversion symptom with a triangulating function, whereas dyspareunia might be understood as a form of somatisation and serves the purpose of replacing the primary object. The results are discussed in the light of previous theoretical outlines of women’s genital pain and includes strengths and limitations of our proposition.

Analysis of Association of Dyspareunia in Menopausal Women with The Quality of Sexual Intercourse: Literature Review

In postmenopausal women, sexual function may worsen with increasing menopausal status. Dyspareunia is a common complaint that is experienced by women who have experienced menopause and this also causes a decrease in the quality of sexual intercourse in women who have experienced menopause. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between dyspareunia in menopausal women and the quality of sexual intercourse. This research method uses a literature review. Literature review means reviewing various types of literature, both national journals and international journals obtained from an academic database on Google Scholar, PubMed NCBI, and Science Direct from 2013 to 2023, without language restrictions, and full-text research journals with the keywords that related between “Dyspareunia”, “Quality of Sexual Intercourse”, and “Menopause Women”. Data were obtained from twenty-two research journals that met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that overall the article supports the effect of dyspareunia in postmenopausal women on the quality of sexual intercourse. All of the 22 articles show a relationship between dyspareunia in postmenopausal women and the quality of sexual intercourse. As a conclusion, dyspareunia experienced by postmenopausal can lead to a decrease in the quality of sexual intercourse in postmenopausal women. These findings may contribute to the development of a valid association of dyspareunia in menopausal women with the quality of sexual intercourse.

Harmful Use of Alcohol as Predictor of Presex Drinking in Mexican Young College Women.

The aim of this study was to identify whether the harmful use of alcohol is associated with an increased probability of presex drinking in Mexican young women. This was a study with a predictive design. Multiple logistic regressions were performed in a random sample of 304 young college women (between the ages of 18 and 24 years) from Guanajuato and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants completed a sociodemographic data survey and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire. Women with a pattern of harmful use of alcohol were more likely to report drinking before sex (adjusted odds ratio = 4.679, 95% confidence interval [1.619, 13.520], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 25.5%). Further analyses revealed that presex drinking by partners was an even stronger predictor of alcohol use before sexual intercourse in women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.749, 95% confidence interval [4.714, 34.483], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 34.7%). The findings demand additional nursing studies to corroborate-and to better understand-the relationship between harmful use of alcohol in Mexican women, their partners' drinking behavior, and unhealthy behaviors like drinking before sexual intercourse.

Characteristics of menstrual cycles with or without intercourse in women with no known subfertility.

Characteristics of menstrual cycles with or without intercourse in women with no known subfertility.

ХРОНИЧЕСКИЙ РЕЦИДИВИРУЮЩИЙ ПОСТКОИТАЛЬНЫЙ ЦИСТИТ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ

Lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common clinical bacterial infections in women, accounting for almost 25% of all infections. UTIs are more common in women than in men, in a ratio of 8:1. Approximately 50-60% of women report at least one episode of a UTI in their lifetime, and by the age of 24, one in three will have symptoms of a UTI requiring antibiotic treatment. The most common inflammatory disease of the bladder in women is cystitis. During their lifetime, 20-25% of women suffer from acute cystitis, every third of them has a relapse of the disease within a year, and in 10% it becomes a chronic relapsing form. A form of recurrent cystitis is postcoital cystitis – cystitis that develops within 1-2 days after intercourse in women with a high opening of the external urethral orifice and its hypermobility, as well as in the presence of urethrohymenal adhesions.

Vaginal Lubrication and Pressure Increase Induced by Pudendal Nerve Stimulation in Cats

Vaginal lubrication and contractions are among the top difficulties affecting sexual intercourse in women after spinal cord injury. This study aimed at determining if pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure. In anesthetized cats, a small piece of cotton was inserted into the vagina for 10 minutes with or without PNS to measure vaginal wetness by the weight increase of the vaginal cotton. Then, a small balloon catheter was inserted into the vagina to measure the pressure increase induced by PNS. Intensity response of the vagina to PNS (30 Hz, 0.2 ms, 5 seconds) was determined at 1-4 times of intensity threshold (T) for PNS to induce an observable vaginal pressure increase. Frequency response was determined at 2T intensity in a range of PNS frequencies (5-50 Hz). Finally, fatigue in vaginal pressure was determined by applying PNS (30 Hz, 2T) either continuously or intermittently (5 seconds on and 5 seconds off) for 4 minutes. The effectiveness of PNS in increasing vaginal wetness and pressure is evaluated. PNS significantly (P=.0327) increased the measurement of vaginal wetness from 15.8 ± 3.8 mg during control without stimulation to 32.4 ± 4.7 mg after stimulation. Vaginal pressure increased as PNS intensity or frequency increased. PNS (30 Hz, 2T) induced vaginal pressure increase ≥80% of the maximal response. Intermittent PNS induced significantly (P=.0354) smaller fatigue (45.6 ± 3.7%) in vaginal pressure than continuous PNS (69.1 ± 3.0%) during the 4-minute stimulation. This study raises the possibility of developing a novel pudendal neuromodulation device to improve female sexual function after spinal cord injury. This study provides preclinical data supporting the development of a novel pudendal neuromodulation device. The limitation includes the lack of chemical analysis of the vaginal secretion. PNS can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure. Chen J, Zhong Y, Wang J, et al. Vaginal Lubrication and Pressure Increase Induced by Pudendal Nerve Stimulation in Cats. J Sex Med 2022;19:1517-1523.

Association of Gut Microbiota Enterotypes with Blood Trace Elements in Women with Infertility.

Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy within 12 months of unprotected intercourse in women. Trace elements, a kind of micronutrient that is very important to female reproductive function, are affected by intestinal absorption, which is regulated by gut microbiota. Enterotype is the classification of an intestinal microbiome based on its characteristics. Whether or not Prevotella-enterotype and Bacteroides-enterotype are associated with blood trace elements among infertile women remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the relationship between five main whole blood trace elements and these two enterotypes in women with infertility. This retrospective cross-sectional study recruited 651 Chinese women. Whole blood copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron levels were measured. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed on all fecal samples. Patients were categorized according to whole blood trace elements (low levels group, <5th percentile; normal levels group, 5th‒95th percentile; high levels group, >95th percentile). There were no significant differences in trace elements between the two enterotypes within the control population, while in infertile participants, copper (P = 0.033), zinc (P < 0.001), magnesium (P < 0.001), and iron (P < 0.001) in Prevotella-enterotype was significantly lower than in Bacteroides-enterotype. The Chi-square test showed that only the iron group had a significant difference in the two enterotypes (P = 0.001). Among infertile patients, Prevotella-enterotype (Log(P/B) > −0.27) predicted the low levels of whole blood iron in the obesity population (AUC = 0.894; P = 0.042). For the high levels of iron, Bacteroides-enterotype (Log(P/B) <−2.76) had a predictive power in the lean/normal group (AUC = 0.648; P = 0.041) and Log(P/B) <−3.99 in the overweight group (AUC = 0.863; P = 0.013). We can infer that these two enterotypes may have an effect on the iron metabolism in patients with infertility, highlighting the importance of further research into the interaction between enterotypes and trace elements in reproductive function.

How to Optimize Conception: Timing is everything!

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive within 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse for women under 35 years of age and affects approximately 15% of reproductive aged couples [1]. A diagnosis of infertility is often emotionally, physically, and financially devastating and many patients will seek fertility assistance with their obstetrician and gynecologist. While there may be underlying factors contributing to infertility that that require specific treatments (i.e. fibroids requiring myomectomies), there are also many patients that are unaware of how best to optimize conception timing. Counseling patients regarding the science of reproduction and adjusting at home practices may increase their chances for success.

Internet-based Treatment for Vulvodynia (EMBLA) – A Randomized Controlled Study

Internet-based ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) treatment may improve accessibility and reduce stigma related to seeking health care, but there are a lack of studies investigating internet-based treatment using ACT principles for women with vulvodynia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an internet-based treatment of pain during intercourse for women with provoked vulvodynia compared with no intervention during the waiting period before clinical treatment. A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted during 2016 to 2020, in which 99 participants were included. Participants were randomized to either a 6 week guided internet-based treatment using ACT principles or usual care. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks after baseline, and approximately 10 months after baseline. Pain-related (pain during intercourse, tampon test, impact of pain on sexual function) and pain behavior-related outcomes (attempts at intercourse, sexual activities besides intercourse, willingness to perform the tampon test, chronic pain acceptance questionnaire) were used as outcomes. Treatment was efficacious in what concerns pain during intercourse and pain acceptance. Less pain during intercourse among women in the intervention group was observed at both post-treatment (primary endpoint, P = .01, Cohen's d = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.33, 2.4), and follow-up (P = .04). Absolut mean difference between groups for pain during intercourse at post-treatment was -2.84, (95 % CI = -4.91, -0.78), and -1.58 at follow-up, (95 % CI = -3.17, 0.02), where the intervention group rated less pain than controls. No differences between groups over time were found for tampon test measures or impact of pain on sexual function. There was a significant difference between groups at all timepoints indicating fewer attempts at intercourse among participants in the intervention group. At post-treatment, women who underwent internet-based treatment reported higher pain acceptance and a rise in activity engagement compared with the control group. There is an indication that internet-based treatment could be incorporated into clinical practice as a complement to clinical treatment. Study strengths included using several forms of recruitment and an intervention built by different professions with long experience of treating patients with vulvodynia. High dropout rate was a limitation of this study. Internet-based treatment may have an impact on pain during intercourse and positive effects on pain acceptance. However, conclusions must be drawn with caution due to the small sample size.

Determinants of Fertility among Women of Childbearing Age in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

AIM: This study aims to determine the determinants associated with the productivity of women of childbearing age in North Sulawesi Province.&#x0D; METHODS: The research design used is an analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. This research uses the raw data of the North Sulawesi Province Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP) of 2019. The sample of this study was all women of childbearing age (15–49 years), married and unmarried in North Sulawesi Province based on the SKAP raw data of 2019, totaling 1454 women of childbearing age. The variables in this study consisted of independent and dependent variables. The independent variables in this study were age, education, marital status, the ideal number of children, decision using contraception, age at first sexual intercourse, and contraceptive use in women of childbearing age.&#x0D; RESULTS: Fertility with &gt;2 children is 349 people (24.01%). There is a significant relationship between age, education, marital status, ideal number of children, the decision to use contraception, age at first sexual intercourse, and use of contraception on fertility with p &lt; 0.05. The multivariate test showed that ideal children (odds ratio [OR] 5.555), age (OR 5.619), age at first sexual intercourse (OR 9,486), and use of contraception (OR 0.450).&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The age of sexual intercourse had the most significant influence on the fertility of women of childbearing age with an OR of 9.486. This indicates that the age at sexual intercourse in women of childbearing age will affect fertility 10 times compared to other variables, namely, the ideal number of children, age, and use of family planning.

When Love Hurts: Evaluation and Management of Painful Intercourse in Women

The purpose of this article is to provide general considerations for the work up and management of dyspareunia, describe the various causes, provide first line treatment options, and note when surgical management is indicated. We also aim to provide additional resources for management. Recent studies have demonstrated the complex nature of female sexual dysfunction and the multimodal treatment options that are often needed including surgical intervention. Recurrent or persistent discomfort before, during, or after intercourse may occur in approximately 15% of women. The differential diagnosis of dyspareunia is vast. A thorough history and physical exam are imperative for diagnosis and treatment of dyspareunia.

Controversies in the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women: an evidence summary and expert opinion.

Preterm birth prevention is multifaceted and produces many nuanced questions. This review addresses six important clinical questions about preterm birth prevention as voted for by members of the UK Preterm Clinical Network. The questions cover the following areas: preterm birth prevention in 'low-risk' populations; screening for asymptomatic genital tract infection in women at high risk of preterm birth; cervical length screening with cerclage or vaginal pessary insitu; cervical shortening whilst using progesterone; use of vaginal progesterone in combination with cervical cerclage; and optimal advice about intercourse for women at high risk of preterm birth.

Biased Partner Perceptions of Women's Pain Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Pain During Intercourse: A Dyadic Longitudinal Examination

Postpartum pain during intercourse is a prevalent and distressing problem that has substantial consequences for affected couples. Partner perceptions—such as how partners perceive women's pain self-efficacy—contribute to an individual's pain experience. This study examined whether partners under- or over-estimate women's intercourse pain self-efficacy at 3-months postpartum and the implications of this bias for women's pain and couples’ sexual functioning at 3- and 6-months postpartum. Women who reported pain during intercourse and their partners (N = 89 couples) completed online measures assessing pain self-efficacy (own or partner perceptions), pain intensity, and sexual functioning at 3- and 6-months postpartum. Analyses were based on the Truth and Bias Model of Judgement and Response Surface Analysis. Partners were accurate in their estimates of women's pain self-efficacy (ie, their estimates were positively correlated with women's), but they also underestimated it by perceiving women to be less efficacious than women themselves reported. When couples showed greater agreement for lower levels of pain self-efficacy at 3 months, women reported greater pain intensity and both partners reported poorer sexual functioning at 3- and 6-months postpartum. Findings may inform interventions that promote pain self-efficacy to improve partner support and couples’ sexual functioning. PerspectiveWhen women report—and their partners perceive—low levels of women's self-efficacy for managing painful intercourse, women report greater postpartum pain during intercourse and couples indicate poorer sexual functioning. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting couples’ agreement at high pain self-efficacy may improve their adjustment to postpartum pain.

Olfactory Exposure to β-Caryophyllene Increases Testosterone Levels in Women's Saliva.

IntroductionFrom previous studies, we hypothesized that olfactory exposure to β-caryophyllene stimulates women's libido. However, Japan's sex culture is so closed that it is difficult to test this possibility without accumulating scientific evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the concentration of sex-related hormones in saliva, an experimental technique that is relatively easy to obtain research permission, and to obtain a scientific basis to convince ethics committee reviewers.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate whether β-caryophyllene increases salivary testosterone concentrations associated with libido and vaginal sensation during intercourse in women.Methods19 women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle participated in the study. The subjects then sat in front of the odor exposure device we had created. Each subject was exposed to dipropylene glycol for 20 minutes, followed by 3% β-caryophyllene for 20 minutes. Saliva was collected 4 times: before and after control exposure, and before and after β-caryophyllene exposure.Main Outcome MeasureSalivary testosterone and estrogen concentrations were measured with a competition ELISA.Resultsβ-caryophyllene significantly increased the salivary concentration of testosterone (control vs β-caryophyllene; 0.97 ± 0.05 vs 1.13 ± 0.03, P = .00, 95% confidence interval of control: 0.84–1.09, 95% confidence interval of β-caryophyllene: 1.04–1.20) but not estrogen (control vs β-caryophyllene; 1.05 ± 0.03 vs 1.07 ± 0.04, P = .69, 95% confidence interval of control: 0.96–1.12, 95% confidence interval of β-caryophyllene: 0.98–1.15).Strengths & LimitationsThe personal preferences of the subjects and the order of exposure may have affected the results.Conclusionβ-caryophyllene may be a remedy with fewer side effects for women with decreased libido. We believe that β-caryophyllene may be a remedy for women with decreased libido. However, this hypothesis must be tested by further clinical studies.Wataru Tarumi, Kazuyuki Shinohara. Olfactory Exposure to β-Caryophyllene Increases Testosterone Levels in Women's Saliva. J Sex Med 2020;8:525–531.

293 Receptive Anal Sex in Women and Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2009–2014): A Retrospective Analysis of NHANES

INTRODUCTION: Risk factors for early presentation of colorectal cancer is a topic of particular current interest. Prevalence of receptive anal sex has not been well researched, although some studies suggest that it is increasingly popular. The objective of the current study is to examine if there is an increased risk for colorectal cancer in women who engage in receptive anal intercourse as compared to patients who have not engaged in receptive anal sex. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was considered for women who answered the sexual health questionnaire (SXQ) during the survey cycles that included a SXQ item referring to anal sex (2009–2014). The questionnaire assessed sexual health behaviors including history of receptive anal intercourse in women. Additional NHANES data was matched for demographics, including race, as well as medical diagnoses, such as colorectal cancer and HPV infection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the statistical software, R. RESULTS: A total of 7,781 women completed the NHANES SXQ between 2009 and 2014 but only 6,596 answered the question mentioning receptive anal intercourse. A total of 2,203 women (28.3%), stated that they had a history of receptive anal intercourse at least once. The rate of reported history of receptive anal intercourse did not significantly increase across the 3 cycles: 2009–2010 (789, 29.0%) to 2013–2014 (782, 29.6%). From 2009 to 2014, there were a total of 19 participants (0.29%) with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer, with 5 patients who had both a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and history of anal intercourse. The risk of a diagnosis of colorectal cancer with a history of receptive anal intercourse in women was 0.0023, whereas the risk of a diagnosis of colorectal cancer with no history of receptive anal intercourse was 0.0032. There was no significant evidence that receptive anal intercourse in women is associated with risk of colorectal cancer. There was insufficient data for concurrent HPV infection and CRC in those without a history of anal sex, thus we are unable to test for significant difference between risk of CRC for women with HPV as compared to women without HPV. CONCLUSION: Results from the questionnaire did not suggest an increasing trend of receptive anal intercourse from 2009 to 2014. No significant difference was found in relative risk of diagnosis of colorectal cancer in women who engaged in anal intercourse as compared to those who did not engage in anal intercourse.

Pregnancy and Sexual Relationships Study Involving wOmen and meN (PASSION Study)

IntroductionSexual satisfaction is believed to decrease during pregnancy; however, the effect of pregnancy on the sexual relationship in a couple is not well studied. AimTo assess for sexual dysfunction in heterosexual couples during pregnancy. MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of heterosexual pregnant women in the third trimester and their cohabitating partners. Main Outcome MeasuresSexual satisfaction in heterosexual couples during pregnancy was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire, the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire. ResultsA total of 53 couples met eligibility criteria, and nearly all of those approached participated (52 of 53 couples). All couples were enrolled at or after 35 weeks’ gestation. The mean age was 29.0 ± 6.4 and 31.3 ± 6.9 years for women and men, respectively. 60% of couples were married, and the remainder were cohabitating and in a committed relationship. When analyzing the results of the GRISS questionnaire for both partners, a significant difference was seen in mean avoidance of sex between women and men (3.31 vs 2.63; P = .047) and non-sensuality (3.54 vs 2.75; P = .040). Women reported more of a decrease in communication about sex when compared with their partners (3.79 vs 3.23; P = .047). Vaginismus was more problematic during pregnancy than before (mean = 4.17), and frequency of intercourse was decreased (mean = 4.93) based on calculated GRISS scores. Clinical ImplicationsPregnant couples reported decreased frequency of intercourse and more pain with intercourse in women. Women were more likely to avoid intercourse and reported more problems with communication regarding sexual needs. Strength & LimitationsThis study is the first to assess both partners in pregnancy. Due to the nature of the study, we were unable to assess other factors affecting the relationship that may result in sexual dysfunction, there was no control group, and the results are limited to heterosexual couples. ConclusionOverall sexual satisfaction and function were not problematic for these couples during pregnancy based on the GRISS scale.Dwarica DS, Garbe Collins G, Fitzgerald C, et al. Pregnancy and Sexual Relationships Study Involving WOmen and MeN (PASSION Study). J Sex Med 2019;16:975–980.

Body Movement Is Associated With Orgasm During Vaginal Intercourse in Women

Very few studies have investigated the relationship between women’s ability to experience an orgasm during vaginal intercourse and specific stimulation techniques. We examined two common techniques during vaginal intercourse both with and without simultaneous external clitoral stimulation: (1) body movement, in particular back-and-forth swinging movements of the pelvis and trunk; and (2) precise rubbing of the clitoris with an immobilized body. Structural equation modeling was used to compare the effects of the two stimulation techniques on women’s orgasm frequency (N = 1,239). As hypothesized, the frequency of orgasm during vaginal intercourse with simultaneous clitoral stimulation was positively associated with a preference for body movement during arousal. Body movement, as opposed to body immobilization, was also associated with a higher frequency of orgasm during vaginal intercourse without simultaneous clitoral stimulation. We conclude that body movement is associated with more orgasms during vaginal intercourse, whereas precise rubbing of the clitoris with an immobilized body is not associated with more orgasms. Teaching women to move their pelvis and trunk in a swinging back-and-forth movement during vaginal intercourse might therefore facilitate reaching an orgasm, whereas encouraging them to self-stimulate the clitoris might be less helpful if done with an immobilized body.

Associations Between Forced and "Persuaded" First Intercourse and Later Health Outcomes in Women.

The effects of nonconsensual first experiences of sexual intercourse in women are understudied. This was investigated in 3,875 adult women of whom 6.7% reported "persuaded" first-sex and 0.8% reported forced first-sex. Compared with willing first-sex, both forced and "persuaded" first-sex occurred earlier, involved a greater age difference between partners, and were associated with more lifetime sexual partners and some measures of worse psychological well-being. In addition, "persuaded" first-sex was associated with worse general physical health. "Persuaded" first-sex and its relation to health need to be better understood, along with how culture influences women's experiences of first-sex.

Female Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Pelvic Pain.

A variety of conditions can give rise to the perception of painful sexual intercourse in women with pelvic pain. Female sexual dysfunction may stem from psychological, medical such as endocrinological disturbances, and gynecological pathologies. This article provides a discussion of various conditions, offering diagnostic and therapeutic measures to consider in women with pelvic pain experiencing sexual dysfunction. Treatment and management options are also reviewed.

Genre et sexualité chez des catholiques en France entre 1970 et 2006

Cet article cherche à démontrer, à partir de l’utilisation de deux enquêtes quantitatives sur la sexualité en France (1970 et 2006), qu’on ne peut comprendre les pratiques sexuelles des personnes catholiques sans prendre en compte les rapports de genre. La perspective longitudinale et comparative (entre catholiques et personnes sans religion) met en évidence les évolutions différenciées de plusieurs pratiques sexuelles (âge et utilisation d’un moyen de contraception au premier rapport sexuel, usage de la pornographie, expérience de la pénétration anale hétérosexuelle) pour les catholiques, selon qu’ils sont hommes ou femmes. Il apparaît que si pour certaines pratiques, le fait d’être catholique ne conduit pas à adopter des pratiques sexuelles différentes de celles des personnes sans religion (comme c’est le cas pour la pornographie et pour l’usage de la contraception), pour d’autres (âge au premier rapport sexuel pour les femmes, pénétration anale pour les hommes), les effets de la religion sont prononcés et différenciés selon le genre.