Interconnection Networks Research Articles

Magnetoresponsive Anisotropic Fiber‐Integrating Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Regeneration

The physiological functions of specific areas of the nervous system, such as the spinal cord, are directional dependent, relying on the ordered arrangement of cells and extracellular matrix. Here, an automated electrospinning method is used to make fibers with different diameters by changing the concentrations of polycaprolactone/gelatine solutions. The impact of fiber diameter, orientation, and the inclusion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on neural stem cell (NSC) behavior and differentiation is investigated. Fibers with an average diameter of 1189 ± 274 nm greatly improve neuronal differentiation. The highest relative expression of the neuronal marker Tuj‐1 and the formation of interconnected neuronal networks with neurites aligned along the fiber axis demonstrate this. Incorporating SPIONS into the fibers do not damage the cells, and aligned fibers do much better than random fibers at cell proliferation, migration, and neurite alignment. Further, magnetoresponsive fiber‐based hydrogels are fabricated by embedding SPIONS‐loaded fibers within a collagen matrix, which enables remote alignment of the fibers via a magnetic field. Postcrosslinking maintains this alignment and induces significant neurite orientation within the hydrogels. The potential use of automated, magnetically responsive electrospun fibers as flexible supports for NSC differentiation and neural tissue engineering guidance is demonstrated.

Control of spin–orbit torque-driven domain nucleation through geometry in chirally coupled magnetic tracks

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) can be exploited in magnetic thin films to realize lateral chirally coupled systems, providing a way to couple different sections of a magnetic racetrack and realize interconnected networks of magnetic logic gates. Here, we systematically investigate the interplay between spin–orbit torques, chiral coupling, and the device design in domain wall racetracks. We show that the current-induced domain nucleation process can be tuned between single-domain nucleation and repeated nucleation of alternate domains by changing the orientation of an in-plane patterned magnetic region within an out-of-plane magnetic racetrack. Furthermore, by combining experiments and micromagnetic simulations, we show that the combination of damping-like and field-like spin–orbit torques with DMI results in selective domain wall injection in one of two arms of a Y-shaped device depending on the current density. Such an element constitutes the basis of domain wall based demultiplexer, which is essential for distributing a single input to any one of the multiple outputs in logic circuits. Our results provide input for the design of reliable and multifunctional domain wall circuits based on chirally coupled interfaces.

Aerogel‐Driven Interface Rapid Self‐Gelation Enables Highly Stable Zn Anode

AbstractThe practical application of Zn metal anodes is currently hindered by uncontrolled dendritic growth and water‐induced parasitic reactions that are closely related to the solvation structure and interfacial transport kinetics of Zn2+. Herein, a facile interface self‐gelation strategy is proposed to stabilize Zn anode by introducing ‐OH‐rich silica aerogel (HSA) on Zn anode surface. The unique interconnected network structure and strong hydrophilia of HSA made the aqueous electrolyte near Zn anode gel rapidly and spontaneously, resulting in the formation of a water‐poor gel interface layer. The interface layer can effectively accelerate the desolvation process and reduce water molecule activity near anode surface through hydrogen bonding interaction, thus achieving rapid Zn migration kinetics and alleviating side reactions. In addition, the well‐defined aerogel nanochannels can provide a fast Zn2+ migration path and homogenize Zn2+ flux, enabling rapid and uniform Zn deposition. As a result, the HSA‐modified Zn (HSA@Zn) anode exhibits excellent long‐term cycling stability (over 6000 h at 4 mA cm−2), and the feasibility for practical application of this HSA@Zn anode is further demonstrate in full cells. The aerogel‐driven interface self‐gelation strategy propose in this work provides new insights into the design of advanced Zn anode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.

Causal effect of psoriasis on aortic valve stenosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Epidemiological studies have suggested a potential connection between psoriasis and an increased risk of aortic valve stenosis (AS), though the impact of psoriasis on AS progression remains uncertain. The study aims to investigate the causal relationship between psoriasis and AS using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, as well as to uncover potential mechanisms underlying this association. A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using publicly available summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psoriasis and AS. Cis-eQTL and significant genes were identified for each causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), followed by pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis for functional evaluation. Hub genes were pinpointed by Cytospace. The transcriptional profile of AS population was acquired, and interconnected genes networks were clustered using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Our results demonstrate a significant causal relationship between psoriasis and AS, with a genetic predisposition to psoriasis associated with a higher AS risk (odds ratio: 1.46). Pathway and PPI analyses unveiled 15 hub genes, including HLA-C, HLA-B, ISG15, IFIT3, and MX2, along with immune-related pathways linking psoriasis and AS. Moreover, the transcriptional profiling of the AS database highlighted the significant involvement of adaptive immune cells in AS development. Notably, among the 15 hub genes, ISG15, MX2, OAS3, OASL, IFI6, and EPSTI1 exhibited higher expression in the AS population. Our study provides compelling evidence supporting a causal relationship between psoriasis and AS. Furthermore, the identified hub genes and immune-related pathways may play an important role in the development of both diseases.

Optimization scheduling strategy for flexible interconnected distribution network considering transformer offline

Based on the flexible interconnection technology with intelligent soft open point (SOP), new opportunities have arisen to address issues such as complex power flow and uneven load rates in existing distribution networks. However, most existing research focuses on load balancing strategies and N-1 fault tolerance, without fully considering the impact of flexible access and offline of distribution transformers on the losses in the distribution network. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of structural adjustments to the distribution transformer interconnection system on the comprehensive losses of the distribution network, and concludes that under low-load conditions, the offline of lightly loaded transformers optimizes the comprehensive losses of the distribution network. However, the offline of lightly loaded transformers leads to an increase in the remaining transformer load rates in the distribution station areas. To address this shortfall, this paper proposes an optimization scheduling strategy for flexible interconnected distribution networks considering transformer offline, by simultaneously utilizing shared energy storage on the DC side to balance transformer load rates and minimize losses. Finally, case studies based on an IEEE 18-node interconnected system are conducted to validate the proposed approach under two different scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy outperforms existing strategies by optimizing the comprehensive losses of the system, thereby enhancing its operational economy and reliability.

An in‐depth study of dimension‐extended dragonfly interconnection network

SummaryDragonfly topology is a commonly utilized design for interconnection networks in parallel and distributed systems. A classical dragonfly can be denoted as dragonfly(,,), where is the number of routers in a group, is the number of links per router connected to other groups, and is the number of links per router connected to compute nodes. Each router has other links fully connected to other routers within a group. Each group has links connected to other groups. The groups are also fully connected, therefore there are groups in total. The router radix in a dragonfly(,,) is. Building a large dragonfly system requires a large number of high‐radix routers, increasing hardware costs. To reduce hardware costs, this paper proposes a more flexible topology called dimension‐extended dragonfly (DED). Rather than routers in a group being fully connected, each router in a group is arranged in an‐dimensional matrix, and routers of the same dimension are fully connected. We use to denote the dimension such that each group in the DED has routers. This study comprehensively evaluates DED in terms of cost, performance, fault tolerance, and packet latency. The findings show that DED provides a more economical hardware solution compared to traditional Dragonfly and Cascade topologies, especially for. Beyond cost‐efficiency, DED enhances system design flexibility. It offers diverse possibilities for system scaling through different combinations of diameter and radix, giving system architects more adaptable options. To further enhance the versatility of DED, three disjoint path routing algorithms are proposed and their fault tolerance is evaluated through simulation. The simulation results also show that the packet latency of DED is lower than dragonfly and cascade.

Three-dimensional interconnected nanofiber network derived from bacterial cellulose for strain sensing and energy harvesting

Flexible strain sensors have garnered widespread attention due to their potential applications, including human health monitoring, human-machine interfaces and intelligent robotics. However, the tradeoff between sensitivity and detection range needs to be considered. Herein, a dual-functional film based on bacterial cellulose is fabricated with a cost-effective freeze-drying and carbonization process, which is used for strain sensing and energy harvesting. The effect of the carbonization temperature on the structure is explored. Taking advantage of three-dimensional interconnected nanofiber of carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) network and the stretchability of the Ecoflex substrate, the optimized sensor demonstrates impressive strain sensing capabilities, featuring exceptional sensitivity (gauge factor = 100), large tolerable strain (100 %), swift response time (70 ms), and robust durability (3000 cycles). These features endow the CBC strain sensor with the capability to effectively discern and monitor multiple complex human activities, such as pulse rate and various human movements. Moreover, the CBC structure can serve as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for energy harvesting. This work provides a green, efficient and cost-effective manufacturing method for the development of multifaceted wearable devices for human health monitoring and portable energy sources.

Non-inclusive g-extra diagnosability of interconnection networks under PMC model

System level fault diagnosis theory is of great weight in the design and maintenance of multiprocessor systems. In this paper, we propose a novel kind of diagnosability, called non-inclusive g-extra diagnosability, that requires all faulty sets to be non-inclusive and every connected fault-free subgraph has at least g+1 vertices. Furthermore, we determine the non-inclusive g-extra diagnosability of a class of graphs under PMC model. As applications, the non-inclusive g-extra diagnosability of (n,k)-star graph Sn,k, data center networks DCell (Dk,n), BCDC (Bn) and BCube (BCn,k) under PMC model are determined successively.

ERP and the Metamorphosis of Management Control: An Innovative Bibliometric Exploration

Introduction: The aim of this article was to analyse the scientific production exploring the transformation of management control by ERP. This bibliometric review, based on Scopus data, used VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. By mapping the existing literature, it identified research trends, the main themes addressed, and potential gaps in the field.Methods: The methodology adopted included a bibliometric study of scientific publications on legitimacy and management control using Scopus and VOSviewer. A database was created by searching for specific keywords on Scopus, selecting the combination "management control" and "ERP".Results: The results of this bibliometric study reveal the evolution of research into ERP and management control, highlighting the importance of technological integration for better organisational performance. They also provide valuable indications for researchers and practitioners wishing to deepen their knowledge and improve the implementation of ERP in various organisational contexts.Conclusion: This synthesis of bibliometric results reveals the complex dynamics of ERP and management control research, highlighting an interconnected network of researchers and institutions with diverse and evolving themes. The results provide valuable insights, identifying influential work, emerging themes and opportunities for future collaboration, while helping to develop more effective research strategies and advance knowledge in the field.

Data‐driven control and a prey–predator model for sourcing decisions in the low‐carbon intertwined supply chain

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenges of low‐carbon sourcing in intertwined supply chains by proposing a data‐driven control framework and a prey–predator model for sourcing decisions. The objective is to optimize low‐carbon objectives and reduce environmental impact. Existing static models fail to capture the dynamic nature of supply chain systems and overlook the ripple effects when sourcing decisions propagate throughout the interconnected network. To bridge this gap, our study develops a dynamic model that explicitly captures the bullwhip effect and leverages real‐time and historical data. This model conceptualizes suppliers as prey and manufacturers and consumers as predators, employing an ecological analogy to decipher the intricate interactions and dependencies within the supply chain. Through this approach, we identify strategies to promote sustainable practices and motivate suppliers to adopt low‐carbon measures. We assess two data‐driven algorithms, the nonlinear auto‐regressive exogenous (NARX) network and sparse identification of nonlinear dynamic systems with input variables (SINDYc). The results reveal that SINDYc outperforms prediction accuracy and control, offering significant advantages for rapid decision‐making. The study highlights how shifts in market demands and regulatory pressures critically influence the strategies of chemical firms and fertilizer markets. Moreover, it discusses the economic challenges in transitioning from high carbon footprint suppliers (HCFSs) to low carbon footprint suppliers (LCFSs), exacerbated by a notable cost disparity where HCFSs are approximately 30% cheaper. By advancing beyond conventional static models, this research provides a deeper understanding of the environmental impacts and operational dynamics within supply chains, emphasizing the significant “ripple effect” where decisions at one node profoundly affect others within the chain.

Multiphase lattice engineering of bimetallic phosphide-embedded tungsten-based phosphide/oxide nanorods on carbon cloth: A synergistic and stable electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

The hierarchical design of the three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitecture, comprising multiple phases within an interconnected network on a conductive substrate, offers a high specific surface area, abundant exposed active sites, and rapid electron transport. In our study, we synthesized a hybrid catalyst by integrating (Fe,CO)-P nanoparticles into uniformly grown W-(O,P) nanorods on carbon cloth (CC) using a straightforward method, demonstrating notable electrocatalytic performance. The as-synthesized (Fe,CO)-P/W-(O,P)@CC exhibited remarkable performance in both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for overall water splitting. It achieves overpotentials of 210 and 61.3 mV for the OER and HER, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in a 1 M KOH solution. As a bifunctional electrocatalyst in overall water splitting, (Fe,CO)-P/W-(O,P)@CC needs only 1.50 V to attain a current density of 10 mA cm−2, surpassing traditional Pt/C@CC and IrO2@CC counterparts (1.53 V @ 10 mA cm−2). The synergistic effects between (Fe,Co)-P and the W-(O,P)@CC nanohybrid heterostructure enhance the charge transfer, further promoting the activity of this hybrid electrocatalyst. This study reveals a promising avenue for advanced water electrolysis applications.

Light at the end of the tunnel: FRAP assays combined with super resolution microscopy confirm the presence of a tubular vacuole network in meristematic plant cells.

Plant vacuoles play key roles in cellular homeostasis, performing catabolic and storage functions, and regulating pH and ion balance. Despite their essential role, there is still no consensus on how vacuoles are established. A model proposing that the endoplasmic reticulum is the main contributor of membrane for growing vacuoles in meristematic cells has been challenged by a study proposing that plant vacuoles are formed de novo by homotypic fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Here, we use the Arabidopsis thaliana root as a model system to provide a systematic overview of successive vacuole biogenesis stages, starting from the youngest cells proximate to the quiescent center. We combine in vivo high- and super-resolution (STED) microscopy to demonstrate the presence of tubular and connected vacuolar structures in all meristematic cells. Using customized fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assays, we establish different modes of connectivity and demonstrate that thin, tubular vacuoles, as observed in cells near the quiescent center, form an interconnected network. Finally, we argue that a growing body of evidence indicates that vacuolar structures cannot originate from MVBs alone but receive membrane material from different sources simultaneously.

Efficient atmospheric water harvesting enabled by hierarchically structured cellulose foam

The sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting technique is an appealing solution for addressing the challenge of freshwater shortages. In this study, a composite foam was fabricated by confining hygroscopic salt (CaCl2) into a Cr-based metal–organic framework (MIL-101), which was then integrated into a bacterial cellulose (BC) skeleton. The hierarchical structure, which contains micron- and nanoscale pores, enhances water storage, transport, and vapor evaporation throughout the whole water capture and release process. The pore confinement effect of MIL-101 and the interconnected BC network effectively restricted the leakage of the liquefied salt solution. Interestingly, the color of the CaCl2@MIL-101@BC foam changed from light green to dark green as the amount of absorbed water increased. This moisture-induced color darkening improves the light absorption ability during the water release stage under sunlight. At 30 % relative humidity, the foam can absorb up to 0.78 g g−1 of water per cycle (8 h) and desorb quickly under solar radiation. This makes foam a promising method for water production in arid areas.

Dynamic capacity sharing with multi-wavelength integrated transmitters in hybrid datacenter networks

In datacenters, bursty and unevenly distributed traffic may lead to serious network performance degradation. Various methods, including reconfigurable optical circuit switching (OCS), traffic control techniques, valiant load balancing (VLB), and so on, have been proposed to solve this problem. Based on these solutions, our method makes a trade-off between cost and performance. In this paper, we propose to use multi-wavelength tunable transmitters in our previously proposed modular arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-based interconnection network. We discuss how the multiple wavelengths can be shared in the network and then propose a computational model to study its blocking probability. Closed-form equations for low network load cases are also derived to provide the analytical expression for the blocking probability. We verify the accuracy of our computational model through simulations. Comparing the blocking probability of networks with and without multi-wavelength integrated transmitters, we show that network performance can be considerably improved after replacement. When traffic burstiness is 1.25 and traffic skewness is 0.08, the blocking probability is reduced from 0.14 to 3.60×10−3 after replacing in each sending module one fixed laser with multi-wavelength tunable transmitters with four wavelengths. Furthermore, we also discuss how different factors influence the blocking probability and the maximum load with the given network performance requirement.

Evaluation of Intra- and Inter-Network Connectivity within Major Brain Networks in Drug-Resistant Depression Using rs-fMRI.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant challenge in modern medicine due to its unclear underlying causes. Brain network dysfunction is believed to play a key role in its pathophysiology. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), a neuroimaging technique, enables the in vivo assessment of functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions, offering insights into these network dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate abnormalities in FC within major brain networks in patients with drug-resistant MDD. Methods: The study group consisted of 26 patients with drug-resistant MDD and an age-matched control group (CG) of 26 healthy subjects. The rs-fMRI studies were performed on a 3T MR scanner (Philips, Ingenia) using a 32-channel head and neck coil. Imaging data were statistically analyzed, focusing on the intra- and inter-network FC of the following networks: default mode (DMN), sensorimotor (SMN), visual (VN), salience (SN), cerebellar (CN), dorsal attention (DAN), language (LN), and frontoparietal (FPN). Results: In patients with MDD, the intra-network analysis showed significantly decreased FC between nodes within VN compared to CG. In contrast, the inter-network analysis showed significantly increased FC between nodes from VN and SN or VN and DAN compared to CG. Decreased FC was found between SN and CN or SN and FPN as well as VN and DAN nodes compared to CG. Conclusions: Patients with MDD showed significant abnormalities in resting-state cortical activity, mainly regarding inter-network functional connectivity. These results contribute to the knowledge on the pathomechanism of MDD and may also be useful for developing new treatments.

Seasonal dynamics of environmental heterogeneity augment microbial interactions by regulating community structure in different trophic lakes

Understanding how environmental heterogeneity drives microbial communities in lakes is essential for developing effective strategies to manage and restore aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanisms by which environmental heterogeneity influences microbial community structure, network patterns, and interactions remain largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we collected 84 water samples from four typical lakes in China (Fuxian, Tianmu, Taihu, and Xingyun) representing a range of trophic levels, across wet and dry seasons. We assessed environmental heterogeneity using 14 water quality parameters, analyzed community structure with Jaccard and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indices, and developed a comprehensive index to elucidate microbial network complexity. Our study reveals three key findings: (1) Environmental heterogeneity was significantly greater in dry season compared to wet season across all lakes (P < 0.05). (2) Increased environmental heterogeneity led to higher bacterioplankton community dissimilarity, with greater β-diversity observed in dry season (P < 0.05). (3) Shifts in community structure due to increased environmental heterogeneity further enhanced microbial interactions, as evidenced by more complex and interconnected co-occurrence networks in the dry season. In summary, our study demonstrates that environmental heterogeneity significantly impacts bacterioplankton community structure and subsequently enhances microbial interactions. These findings underscore the importance of considering environmental heterogeneity in lake ecosystem management, as it plays a crucial role in regulating microbial community dynamics and interactions.

Iterative LMI-Tuned PID Controller for Robust Decentralized Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control in Deregulated Electricity Markets

This study proposes an Iterative Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI)-Tuned Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for robust decentralized AGC in the context of deregulated electricity markets. The study addresses the challenges posed by market uncertainties and diverse generation sources, aiming to enhance the stability and performance of power systems. This study is driven by the urgent need to develop robust AGC strategies that are adapted to the complex dynamics of decentralized power systems operating in deregulated markets. The conventional centralized control approaches are often inadequate to address the diverse and distributed nature of modern generation units. Furthermore, the intermittent and variable nature of renewable energy sources adds a layer of complexity that demands innovative control solutions. The impact of bilateral contracts on the dynamics is taken into consideration while modifying the conventional LFC of interconnected power networks. To model these bilateral contracts, the distribution company (DISCO) participation matrix (DPM) is presented, and the multi-area block diagram reflects these concepts. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed Iterative LMI-Tuned PID Controller and Conventional PID Controller. Results are analyzed against key performance metrics, considering scenarios reflective of diverse market conditions. Comparative studies with the conventional PID controller provide insights into the efficacy and robustness of the proposed approach.

Deciphering the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in central nervous system myelination and repair.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid of the sphingolipid family and plays a pivotal role in the mammalian nervous system. Indeed, S1P is a therapeutic target for treating demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Being part of an interconnected sphingolipid metabolic network, the amount of S1P available for signalling is equilibrated between its synthetic (sphingosine kinases 1 and 2) and degradative (sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase) enzymes. Once produced, S1P exerts its biological roles via signalling to a family of five G protein-coupled S1P receptors 1-5 (S1PR1-5). Despite significant progress, the precise roles that S1P metabolism and downstream signalling play in regulating myelin formation and repair remain largely opaque and somewhat controversial. Genetic or pharmacological studies adopting various model systems identify that stimulating S1P-S1PR signalling protects myelin-forming oligodendrocytes after central nervous system (CNS) injury and attenuates demyelination invivo. However, evidence to support its role in remyelination of the mammalian CNS is limited, although blocking S1P synthesis sheds light on the role of endogenous S1P in promoting CNS remyelination. This review focuses on summarising the current understanding of S1P in CNS myelin formation and repair, discussing the complexity of S1P-S1PR interaction and the underlying mechanism by which S1P biosynthesis and signalling regulates oligodendrocyte myelination in the healthy and injured mammalian CNS, raising new questions for future investigation.

New estimates of sulfate diffusion rates in the EPICA Dome C ice core

Abstract. To extract climatically relevant chemical signals from the deepest, oldest Antarctic ice, we must first investigate the degree to which chemical ions diffuse within solid ice. Volcanic sulfate peaks are an ideal target for such an investigation because they are high-amplitude, short-duration (∼3 years) events with a quasi-uniform structure. Here we present an analysis of the EPICA Dome C sulfate record over the last 450 kyr. We identify volcanic peaks and isolate them from the non-sea-salt sulfate background to reveal the effects of diffusion: amplitude damping and broadening of peaks in the time domain with increasing depth and age. Sulfate peak shape is also altered by the thinning of ice layers with depth that results from ice flow. Both processes must be simulated to derive effective diffusion rates. This is achieved by running a forward model to diffuse idealised sulfate peaks at different rates while also accounting for ice thinning. Our simulations suggest a median effective diffusion rate of sulfate ions of 2.4±1.7×10-7 m2 yr−1 in Holocene ice, slightly faster than suggested by previous work. The effective diffusion rate observed in deeper ice is significantly lower, and Holocene ice shows the highest rate of the last 450 kyr. Beyond the Holocene, there is no systematic difference between the effective diffusion rates of glacial and interglacial periods despite variations in soluble ion concentrations, dust loading, and ice grain radii. Effective diffusion rates for 40 to 200 ka are relatively constant and of the order 1×10-8 m2 yr−1. Our results suggest that the diffusion of sulfate ions within volcanic peaks is relatively fast initially, perhaps through an interconnected vein network, but slows significantly after 40 kyr. In the absence of clear evidence for a controlling influence of temperature on sulfate diffusivity with depth and age, we hypothesise that the rapid decrease in effective diffusion rate from the time of deposition to ice of 50 ka age may be due to a switch in the mechanism of diffusion resulting from the changing location of sulfate ions within the ice microstructure and/or interconnectedness of veins and grain boundaries.

Digital Architectural Archives – Aesthetic Reading

My aim in this paper is to examine the impact of digital technology on the perception and practice of architecture. Online activities leave discernible traces, challenging the traditional ontological view of the subject’s independence from the material world. I will offer an exploration of the Internet’s role as the primary communication medium transforms architectural practice, emphasizing digital archives and distribution. Platforms like Pinterest, ArchDaily, and Instagram have transformed how architectural practices are shared and consumed, cultivating a new culture of multimodal communication. Within this context, I will discuss how digital technologies have profoundly altered perceptions of materiality, space, and information. I will explore how architects and artists now operate within an interconnected network of social, economic, and technological forces, moving away from traditional media to embrace digital fragmentation. This shift impacts how architectural objects are perceived, from complete forms to fragmented digital representations that are accessible to a global audience.