Intercollegiate Competition Research Articles

Rhythmic Gymnastics and Intercollegiate Competitions: Enhancing the Image and Competitiveness of Higher Education Sports

Rhythmic Gymnastics and Intercollegiate Competitions: Enhancing the Image and Competitiveness of Higher Education Sports

A study on the relationship between sports infrastructure facilities and levels of participation in inter-collegiate competition

The study was aimed at find the relationship between sports infrastructure facilities and level of participation in intercollegiate competition. Present study delimited to 10 top most sports performed colleges in each university with 20 or more years of existence. Total sixty (N=60) colleges are selected from 6 universities; Self-prepared questionnaire was used to collect the data. To analysis the collected data, appropriate statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation with SPSS software. Table result revealed that there is a significant (p

Chassis Design of Self- Propelled Onion Harvester

bstract: SAE TIFAN is an intercollegiate competition organized by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) to design, build and Agriculture harvesting vehicles. Chassis is an important part of the vehicle that supports the body and other different parts of the vehicle. It also surrounds and protects the occupant in case ofimpact and roll over incidents and also gives the aesthetics of the vehicle. The paper deals with selection of material and cross section forthe chassis and analysing the frame design for different loading conditions to predict whetherit will survive various impact scenarios using ANSYS workbench. The chassis design will be based on SAE TIFAN India 2021 rule book taking safety and other aspects into account. The results from these simulations indicate that the frame is safe enough for the variety ofworst-case scenarios tested

Comparative Study of Personality Characteristics Between Combative and Team Game Players

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the personality characteristics of players who engage in combative games with those who engage in team games better to comprehend the distinctions between the two categories of players. The study examined 96 male athletes aged 21–26 who competed in intercollegiate competitions in their combative sport. The data was collected with the Big Five Personality Questionnaire by Oliver, P. John & Sanjay Srivastava was used to gather data (1999). The independent samples t-test compared combative game players and team game players. The significance threshold was 0.05. The results showed that combative and team sports differed in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience (p<0.05) but not in Neuroticism (p>0.05).

Separate Spheres and Separate Roles: Christian Beliefs, Medical Ideology, and Women’s Sport and Physical Activity in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century United States

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United States, women were limited in their ability to participate in sport and physical activity. The prevalent thinking of the time assigned (white, middle/upper class) women separate roles. Based on Christian religious beliefs rooted in Victorian era ideology, women were expected to maintain a level of domesticity and morality in order to remain feminine. Similarly, medical professionals often construed women as weak and frail, due to the energy demand of the reproductive system. These two ideologies together limited women’s participation in both physical education and competitive athletics. Focusing primarily on the role of women’s colleges, it is argued that these limitations have had long term effects on the development of women’s sport, from intercollegiate competitions to the Olympic games.

Hormonal Responses and Jump Performance Across a Season in Collegiate Women Basketball Players

The testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T/C) has been shown to be positively correlated with strength and power. However, few studies have examined the relationship between a standardized power performance measurement and T/C throughout a season of intercollegiate competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between salivary T/C and vertical jump (VJ) performance of female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II basketball players across a season. Saliva samples were taken before practice, weekly, for a total of 29 weeks. Samples were assayed for testosterone (T) and cortisol (C). After saliva collection, players completed two countermovement VJs, with the best jump used for data analysis. A positive correlation between T/C and VJ was seen only during the preseason phase. Statistically significant differences were observed across the season for T/C and VJ. T/C in the nonconference phase was significantly lower than the preseason phase and the late-conference phase, p = .013 and p = .047, respectively. VJ was significantly lower in the late-conference phase when compared to the preseason and nonconference phases, p < .001 and p = .026, respectively. VJ in the early-conference phase was also significantly lower than the preseason phase, p < .001. These data support the literature that has indicated a positive relationship between the T/C and lower-body power but only in the preseason phase. This relationship reverses and trends toward a negative relationship, before disappearing in the second half of the season. Monitoring T/C may provide value in assessing female athletes’ performance potential in the preseason phase. T/C should be interpreted with more caution once the competitive season begins.

Crowdsourcing biocuration: The Community Assessment of Community Annotation with Ontologies (CACAO).

Experimental data about gene functions curated from the primary literature have enormous value for research scientists in understanding biology. Using the Gene Ontology (GO), manual curation by experts has provided an important resource for studying gene function, especially within model organisms. Unprecedented expansion of the scientific literature and validation of the predicted proteins have increased both data value and the challenges of keeping pace. Capturing literature-based functional annotations is limited by the ability of biocurators to handle the massive and rapidly growing scientific literature. Within the community-oriented wiki framework for GO annotation called the Gene Ontology Normal Usage Tracking System (GONUTS), we describe an approach to expand biocuration through crowdsourcing with undergraduates. This multiplies the number of high-quality annotations in international databases, enriches our coverage of the literature on normal gene function, and pushes the field in new directions. From an intercollegiate competition judged by experienced biocurators, Community Assessment of Community Annotation with Ontologies (CACAO), we have contributed nearly 5,000 literature-based annotations. Many of those annotations are to organisms not currently well-represented within GO. Over a 10-year history, our community contributors have spurred changes to the ontology not traditionally covered by professional biocurators. The CACAO principle of relying on community members to participate in and shape the future of biocuration in GO is a powerful and scalable model used to promote the scientific enterprise. It also provides undergraduate students with a unique and enriching introduction to critical reading of primary literature and acquisition of marketable skills.

The Sky Is Not Falling: Why Name, Image, and Likeness Legislation Does Not Violate Title IX and Could Narrow the Publicity Gap Between Men’s Sport and Women’s Sport Athletes

For decades, the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (“NCAA”) amateurism rules have largely prevented NCAA athletes from commercializing their names, images, and likenesses (“NIL”). The right to license and profit from one’s own image, often referred to as the “Right of Publicity,” is explicitly recognized by statute or common law in 35 states. No federal Right of Publicity statute exists, but in 1977, the United States Supreme Court recognized the right. However, until 2021, NCAA athletes were precluded from benefiting from this right, as under the NCAA’s amateurism principle, “An individual loses amateur status and thus shall not be eligible for intercollegiate competition in a particular sport ...” if he “[u]ses athletics skill (directly or indirectly) for pay in any form in that sport.” Until July 1, 2021, by becoming an NCAA athlete and complying with the NCAA’s Bylaws to maintain eligibility, NCAA athletes gave up their right to benefit from their NIL while competing in NCAA athletics. This relinquishment put full commercial marketing control of the athlete, their team, and the college sport in the NCAA’s hands. Research shows that despite the application of Title IX to sport in 1975, NCAA women’s sports have not been commercially marketed in parity with NCAA men’s sports, with NCAA men’s sports experiencing significant publicity and sponsorship windfalls. This article examines the recent decision by the NCAA to allow NCAA athletes to benefit from their NIL, the potential Title IX implications of the decision, and how the decision could narrow the publicity gap between NCAA men’s and women’s sport athletes in furtherance of the plain language and intent of Title IX.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in Intercollegiate Athletics Not Fully Mitigated With Daily Antigen Testing.

BackgroundHigh-frequency, rapid-turnaround severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing continues to be proposed as a way of efficiently identifying and mitigating transmission in congregate settings. However, 2 SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occurred among intercollegiate university athletic programs during the fall 2020 semester, despite mandatory directly observed daily antigen testing.MethodsDuring the fall 2020 semester, athletes and staff in both programs were tested daily using Quidel’s Sofia SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay, with positive antigen results requiring confirmatory testing with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We used genomic sequencing to investigate transmission dynamics in these 2 outbreaks.ResultsIn the first outbreak, 32 confirmed cases occurred within a university athletics program after the index patient attended a meeting while infectious, despite a negative antigen test on the day of the meeting. Among isolates sequenced from that outbreak, 24 (92%) of 26 were closely related, suggesting sustained transmission following an initial introduction event. In the second outbreak, 12 confirmed cases occurred among athletes from 2 university programs that faced each other in an athletic competition, despite receipt of negative antigen test results on the day of the competition. Sequences from both teams were closely related and distinct from viruses circulating in the community for team 1, suggesting transmission during intercollegiate competition in the community for team 2.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that antigen testing alone, even when mandated and directly observed, may not be sufficient as an intervention to prevent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in congregate settings, and they highlight the importance of vaccination to prevent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in congregate settings.

Design and manufacturing of a fuel tank for formula SAE vehicle

Abstract Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (FSAE) is an inter-collegiate design competition. The competition aims at giving students a chance to design and fabricate formula style race car according to the rules provided by the competition. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a leak proof fuel tank with flexible filler neck for FSAE vehicle, and its secure mounting on chassis. Key objective is to design a light weight fuel tank with reduced sloshing such that it holds optimal amount of fuel to complete the Endurance. The paper focuses on the development of economical fuel tank. Moreover, a draining system is to be provided in the fuel tank to draw off the fuel when needed. Throughout these processes, the design is based upon Formula Bharat 2020 rule book. The designing is carried out in solidworks and has been manufactured by performing sheet metal operations and TIG welding on aluminum (alloy 3003) sheets.

Design of an ATV Gear Box

The main objective of the project was to design and fabricate a drive train for an intercollegiate competition called BAJA SAE. The motive to get into this project was to learn more about an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV), studying about different parameter which would affect the drive train of the vehicle. All the possible options were considered while making the drive train. After discussions alternative options were taken neglected and the main option was chosen. It was decided that the transmission would be automatic, consist of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) couples with a two staged gearbox which is then couples with the half shaft. The whole system was tested thoroughly and it performed well.

Study on Socioemotional aspects of Engineering Girl students

Background: Adolescents empowered with socio-emotional-regulatory skills and self-esteem will have a greater understanding of themselves as well as the surrounding world and their connection to it. Aim: To study the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem, social self-efficacy, and self-regulation of girls pursuing engineering course from Pune. Further, the study attempts to compare emotional intelligence, self-esteem, social self-efficacy, and self-regulation of girls with respect to their participation (Yes v/s No) in sports and inter-collegiate competitions. Methods: Data of 145 first-year students from an exclusive girls engineering college in Pune was collected. Participants responded to the personal data sheet, emotional intelligence scale, self-esteem scale, social self-efficacy scale, and self-regulation scale. Results: Results showed that emotional intelligence was positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.346, p < 0.001); social self-efficacy (r = 0.481, p < 0.001); short term regulation (r = 0.248, p < 0.01); and long term regulation (r = 0.261, p < 0.01). A positive correlation was noted between self-esteem and social self-efficacy (r = 0.313, p < 0.001). Self-regulation did not significantly correlate with self-esteem and social self-efficacy. The comparative analysis showed that those girls who participate in sports and other inter-collegiate competitions scored higher on social self-efficacy and self-regulation than non-participants. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence is a prime factor in the lives of adolescent girls. Considering the development of the brain, a separate intervention can be designed for the enhancement of self-regulation in adolescents. Participation in sports and intercollegiate competitions may be beneficial for social self-efficacy and self-regulation skills.

Evaluate medical decision‐making processes to reduce risks, legal liability

As long as there has been intercollegiate competition, there likely has been a perceived tension between coaches and the medical and athletic training staff regarding when a student‐athlete should be held out and when the student‐athlete is healthy enough to return to competition. The goals of coaches (success in competitions) and the goals of medical staff (medical treatment) invariably conflict with each other from time to time, revolving around the desire and medical ability to get the student‐athlete back into a competition.

Raising the Bar: Maximizing Engaged Student Learning Using the American Mock Trial Association Case State of Midlands v. Dylan Hendricks

This short review demonstrates how the use of American Mock Trial Association (AMTA) case materials, both throughout intercollegiate competitions and in academic courses, can engage and invigorate students while teaching them crucial skills in a way that few other programs or activities can do. The AMTA case provided for the 2017–2018 academic year, State of Midlands v. Dylan Hendricks, offers a comprehensive introduction to the rules of evidence and crucial criminal law concepts while teaching students the importance of thorough preparation in a way that is difficult to do in a classroom setting. This case requires student attorneys to make difficult choices while preparing their case, witnesses, and evidence for trial. Arriving at an optimum strategy (or strategies) can only occur after critical and reasoned examination of each side of an often complex problem, thereby providing an excellent opportunity for students to use critical thinking skills and to analyze all sides of an issue and all potential outcomes of a strategy. Students must thoroughly study and understand the rules of evidence, rules of criminal procedure, and relevant statutory and case law, and be prepared to use all of these as part of a reasoned, logical argument at a moment’s notice. Overall, this is an exceptional case for skill-building and engaged learning, and can be a valuable tool for faculty and students alike.

Changing the paradigm of transportation: Lightweight composites used in solar car in intercollegiate competition

Reinforced Plastics spoke to Dylan Neal, the Project Director of Team PrISUm Solar Car from Iowa State University, and Dakota Kieffer, Director of Sales and Marketing, Plastics Unlimited, about the PrISUm solar car project.

The Size and Scope of Collegiate Athletic Training Facilities and Staffing

Athletic training facilities have been described in terms of general design concepts and from operational perspectives. However, the size and scope of athletic training facilities, along with staffing at different levels of intercollegiate competition, have not been quantified. To define the size and scope of athletic training facilities and staffing levels at various levels of intercollegiate competition. To determine if differences existed in facilities (eg, number of facilities, size of facilities) and staffing (eg, full time, part time) based on the level of intercollegiate competition. Cross-sectional study. Web-based survey. Athletic trainers (ATs) who were knowledgeable about the size and scope of athletic training programs. Athletic training facility size in square footage; the AT's overall facility satisfaction; athletic training facility component spaces, including satellite facilities, game-day facilities, offices, and storage areas; and staffing levels, including full-time ATs, part-time ATs, and undergraduate students. The survey was completed by 478 ATs (response rate = 38.7%) from all levels of competition. Sample means for facilities were 3124.7 ± 4425 ft2 (290.3 ± 411 m2) for the central athletic training facility, 1013 ± 1521 ft2 (94 ± 141 m2) for satellite athletic training facilities, 1272 ± 1334 ft2 (118 ± 124 m2) for game-day athletic training facilities, 388 ± 575 ft2 (36 ± 53 m2) for athletic training offices, and 424 ± 884 ft2 (39 ± 82 m2) for storage space. Sample staffing means were 3.8 ± 2.5 full-time ATs, 1.6 ± 2.5 part-time ATs, 25 ± 17.6 athletic training students, and 6.8 ± 7.2 work-study students. Division I schools had greater resources in multiple categories (P < .001). Differences among other levels of competition were not as well defined. Expansion or renovation of facilities in recent years was common, and almost half of ATs reported that upgrades have been approved for the near future. This study provides benchmark descriptive data on athletic training staffing and facilities. The results (1) suggest that the ATs were satisfied with their facilities and (2) highlight the differences in resources among competition levels.

THE DEMISE OF INTEGRATION

AbstractRacial integration has been a tenet of educational equity for over fifty years. Despite this, U.S. higher education presents staggering rates of segregation. Strikingly, there is little scholarship to answer the question of how integrated colleges segregated? I interrogate the process of segregation over a fifty-year period through a comparative historical analysis of the broader field of higher education and case studies of three nineteenth-century colleges. Through analysis of independently collected archival materials, I show that local-level organization of racial contact fails to account for the success or failure of racial integration in schools. Instead, I show that the interaction between colleges—and the emergence of a competitive field of higher education—undermined even successfully integrated campuses. Mesolevel practices are important for revealing how organizational actors implement rationalized cultural ideas as well as how local-level ideas are negotiated in a situated field. The growth of intercollegiate college competition differentiated not only particular types of education but also consecrated groups of people. Further, this reveals the production of cultural meanings around race as a differentiation strategy in response to interorganizational competition.

Knowledge of Njala Campus Athletes about Abstinence from Diseases Associated with Unsafe Sexual Practices such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome {HIV/AIDS}, Gonorrhoea {GR} and Syphilis {SP}, aimed as Primary Prevention Strategy in Minimizing the Process of Ageing

This study was aimed at the primary prevention strategy in minimizing the process of ageing among Njala campus athletes. The rationale of the study is to evaluate the knowledge of Njala campus athletes about abstinence from diseases associated with unsafe sexual practices such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome {Hiv/Aids}, gonorrhoea {Gr} and syphilis {Sp}, aimed as primary prevention strategy in minimizing the process of ageing. The participants with a quantum of one hundred and fifty {n=150} for the study were mainly athletes within the undergraduate sector of the university of which, 63% were male {n=95} and 37% were female {n=55}; 27% Christian-male {n=40} and 20% Christian-female {n=30}; 36.6% Muslim-male {n=55} and 16.6% Muslim-female {n=25}; 4% married-male {n=6} and 3% married-female {n=4}; 59% single-male {n=89} and 34% single-female {n=51}; 43.3% south/east-male {n=65} and 23.3% south/east-female {n=35}; 20% north/west-male {n=30} and 13% north/west-female {n=20}, were randomly sampled from four schools using the systematic random sampling i.e. 26.6% male {n=40} from school of agriculture/environmental science and 16.6% female {n=25} from school of agriculture/environmental science; 37% male {n=55} from school of education/technology and 20% female {n=30} from school of education/technology. Also randomly sampled from four levels were 53% male {n=80} from {100-200} levels and 30% female {n=45} from {100-200} levels; 10% male {n=15} from {300-400} levels and 7% female {n=10} from {300-400} levels; 40% male {n=60} were ranked within {18-25} years and 20% female {n=30} were ranked within {18-25} years; 23% male {n=35} were ranked within {26-30+} years and 17% female {n=25} were ranked within {26-30+} years. The results were compared using the dependent t-test {t} and scaled @ p ＜ 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of results about abstinence from diseases associated with unsafe sexual practices such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids), gonorrhoea (gr) and syphilis (sp), indicate a holistic significance differences are highlighted. Conclusion: the results indicate that Njala campus athletes did display professional experience about primary prevention strategic knowledge of minimizing the process of ageing with special reference to abstinence from diseases associated with unsafe sexual practices such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome {Hiv/Aids}, gonorrhoea {Gr} and syphilis {Sp. This study therefore recommends that availability and accessibility of training workshops, seminars and clinical test be given readily and frequently to Njala Campus Athletes prior to any intercollegiate competitions.

Testosterone and Reconciliation Among Women: After-Competition Testosterone Predicts Prosocial Attitudes Towards Opponents

Higher levels of testosterone (T) are thought to promote aggressive and/or antisocial behavior as a means of achieving or maintaining social status. However, recent research has begun to explore the association between T and more prosocial behaviors relevant to social status. Reconciliation after conflict is a prosocial behavior that has become ritualized in sporting contexts. T and cortisol (C) increase in association with athletic competition, but the relationship between these hormones and the willingness to reconcile with one’s opponent after athletic competition has never been tested. Members of a women’s soccer team gave saliva samples associated with two intercollegiate competitions, one victory and one defeat. Samples were subsequently assayed for T and C. Before giving the final saliva sample after each match, participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure willingness to reconcile with a recent opponent – the Attitudes Towards Opponents (ATO) questionnaire. T and C levels increased during competition, but decreased in the 30-min period after the end of play. ATO scores were higher, on average, after the win compared to the loss. ATO scores showed a strong positive correlation with after-game changes in T level in both matches. Win or lose, women whose T remained relatively high after the end of the match were more willing to reconcile with their opponent than women whose T levels declined more precipitously. There were no relationships between C and ATO scores. At least in women, T may motivate after-competition behaviors that promote status through social cohesion rather than overt aggression or dominance.

The Emancipation Years: Sport in the Female Colleges at the University of Sydney 1892-1958

This paper traces the development of sport in the two female residential colleges (Women’s and Sancta Sophia) at the University of Sydney. While the University of Sydney male residential colleges established an intercollegiate sporting competition in 1907 (Rawson Cup), it was not until 1958 that the female residential colleges established an intercollegiate competition (Archdale-Macrae Cup). This paper traces the history of female collegiate sport leading up to the establishment of the Archdale-Macrae Cup and argues that sport was an essential part of the intercollegiate experience and spirit.