Interaction Sites Research Articles

Persistent luminescent ZnAl-LDH nanosheets for all-weather degradation of nitenpyram and tetracycline: Superoxide radical induction, life cycle analysis and engineering applications

Photocatalysts designed for all-weather applications, capable of efficient charge carrier separation, are set to transform the adoption of photocatalysis-driven advanced oxidation processes in wastewater management. In this investigation, an energy-storing ZnAl-LDH@SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ (SALDH) was synthesized successfully, optimized for the photocatalytic selective degradation of NTP and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under varying weather conditions, with 100 % degradation of both NTP and TC within 75 min. Remarkably, SALDH demonstrates energy storage capabilities that markedly reduce energy demands relative to traditional photocatalytic approaches. The primary reactive species identified were O2−, and the Fukui index, computed via density-functional theory (DFT), identified the specific interaction sites of O2− on NTP molecules. Utilizing the energy retention properties of SALDH, a novel, environmentally friendly device was engineered for processing organic pollutants in agricultural wastewater. This system harness the energy from solar radiation to induce the oxidation of pollutants. The experiments that were performed in the both artificially prepared lab-scale and actual agricultural WWT plants indicated the degradation efficiencies of 36 % and 37 %, respectively. As seen during the day, both SALDH and persulfate were capable of effectively decomposing organic contaminants; at night, the SA’s luminescence maintained the oxidative ability of ZnAl-LDH. Meanwhile, SALDH combines the corrosion resistance of ZnAl-LDH with good metal compatibility, enabling SALDH to effectively improve the photostability of long afterglow. This work contributes to the existing knowledge on the degradation of organic pollutants by efficient photocatalysts and points to possible implementations in water treatment processes.

Effect of occlusion site on the effectiveness and safety of endovascular thrombectomy for large ischemic cores: A cohort study.

Recent clinical trials have shown that patients with large ischemic cores have better outcomes with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) compared with standard medical treatment (SMT) alone.We aim to assess whether the relationship between EVT and improvements in clinical outcomes varies depending on the location of the occlusive sites. This study is a subgroup analysis conducted within a prospective, nationwide, multi-center registry. The cohort included patients with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 0 to 5 within 24 hours from last known well. We utilized the adjusted common odds ratio for a shift toward better outcome on the modified Rankin Scale after EVT compared with SMT alone as the primary outcome. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). A total of 745 patients with large ischemic cores were included: 272(36.5%) with internal carotid artery occlusion, 392(52.6%) with M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion, and 81(11.0%) with M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion. The adjusted common odds ratios were as follows: 1.98 (95% CI, 1.01-3.89) for ICA occlusions, 2.09 (95% CI, 1.35-3.23) for M1 occlusions, and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.43-2.94) for M2 occlusions. There was no significant treatment-by-occlusion site interaction observed (P=0.69). However, the incidence of sICH was significantly greater in all groups receiving EVT than in those receiving SMT alone. Additionally, we observed that the secondary outcomes and subgroup analyses were generally consistent with the main outcomes. In this study, we found that patients with internal carotid artery and M1 occlusion demonstrated a better outcome with EVT, while the benefit for patients with M2 occlusion remains uncertain.

Structural basis of thiamine transport and drug recognition by SLC19A3

Thiamine (vitamin B1) functions as an essential coenzyme in cells. Humans and other mammals cannot synthesise this vitamin de novo and thus have to take it up from their diet. Eventually, every cell needs to import thiamine across its plasma membrane, which is mainly mediated by the two specific thiamine transporters SLC19A2 and SLC19A3. Loss of function mutations in either of these transporters lead to detrimental, life-threatening metabolic disorders. SLC19A3 is furthermore a major site of drug interactions. Many medications, including antidepressants, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are known to inhibit this transporter, with potentially fatal consequences for patients. Despite a thorough functional characterisation over the past two decades, the structural basis of its transport mechanism and drug interactions has remained elusive. Here, we report seven cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human thiamine transporter SLC19A3 in complex with various ligands. Conformation-specific nanobodies enable us to capture different states of SLC19A3’s transport cycle, revealing the molecular details of thiamine recognition and transport. We identify seven previously unknown drug interactions of SLC19A3 and present structures of the transporter in complex with the inhibitors fedratinib, amprolium and hydroxychloroquine. These data allow us to develop an understanding of the transport mechanism and ligand recognition of SLC19A3.

Covalent Labeling Automated Data Analysis Platform for High Throughput in R (coADAPTr): A Proteome-Wide Data Analysis Platform for Covalent Labeling Experiments.

Covalent labeling methods coupled to mass spectrometry have emerged in recent years for studying the higher order structure of proteins. Quantifying the extent of modification of proteins in multiple states (i.e., ligand free vs ligand-bound) can provide information on protein interaction sites and regions of conformational change. Though there are several software platforms that are used to quantify the extent of modification, the process can still be time-consuming, particularly for proteome-wide studies. Here, we present an open-source software for quantitation called Covalent labeling Automated Data Analysis Platform for high Throughput in R (coADAPTr). coADAPTr tackles the need for more efficient data analysis in covalent labeling mass spectrometry for techniques such as hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF). Traditional methods like Excel's Power Pivot (PP) are cumbersome and time-intensive, posing challenges for large-scale analyses. coADAPTr simplifies analysis by mimicking the functions used in the previous quantitation platform using PowerPivot in Microsoft Excel but with fewer steps, offering proteome-wide insights with enhanced graphical interpretations. Several features have been added to improve the fidelity and throughput compared to those of PowerPivot. These include filters to remove any duplicate data and the use of the arithmetic mean rather than the geometric mean for quantitation of the extent of modification. Validation studies confirm coADAPTr's accuracy and efficiency while processing data up to 200 times faster than conventional methods. Its open-source design and user-friendly interface make it accessible for researchers exploring intricate biological phenomena via HRPF and other covalent labeling MS methods. coADAPTr marks a significant leap in structural proteomics, providing a versatile and efficient platform for data interpretation. Its potential to transform the field lies in its seamless handling of proteome-wide data analyses, empowering researchers with a robust tool for deciphering complex structural biology data.

A Foldaxane-Based Supramolecular Muscle-Like Switch.

[cn]daisy chain molecular muscle architectures are self-assemblies of hermaphrodite monomers, which usually contain a macrocycle unit linked to a molecular thread that contains sites of interactions - i. e. molecular stations - for the macrocycle. In these multiply threaded structures, altering with control the affinity between macrocycles and stations allows for contraction and extension of the molecule, which is reminiscent of the operation of a muscle. Besides, the field that consists of combining helix and template-containing rods to design foldaxane supramolecular assemblies is still underexplored. By using foldamer units as surrogates for macrocycles, Gan et al. reported the first supramolecular muscle-like foldamer-containing switch that can adopt, after chemical stimulus, either a contracted co-conformational state or a degenerate-like state for which a slow exchange occurred between the contracted and the stretched state.

Pair-EGRET: Enhancing the prediction of protein-protein interaction sites through graph attention networks and protein language models.

Proteins are responsible for most biological functions, many of which require the interaction of more than one protein molecule. However, accurately predicting protein-protein interaction (PPI) sites (the interfacial residues of a protein that interact with other protein molecules) remains a challenge. The growing demand and cost associated with the reliable identification of PPI sites using conventional experimental methods call for computational tools for automated prediction and understanding of PPIs. We present Pair-EGRET, an edge-aggregated graph attention network that leverages the features extracted from pre-trained transformer-like models to accurately predict PPI sites. Pair-EGRET works on a k-nearest neighbor graph, representing the three-dimensional structure of a protein, and utilizes the cross-attention mechanism for accurate identification of interfacial residues of a pair of proteins. Through an extensive evaluation study using a diverse array of experimental data, evaluation metrics, and case studies on representative protein sequences, we demonstrate that Pair-EGRET can achieve remarkable performance in predicting PPI sites. Moreover, Pair-EGRET can provide interpretable insights from the learned cross-attention matrix. Pair-EGRET is freely available in open source form at the GitHub Repository https://github.com/1705004/Pair-EGRET. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Synergy of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Sodium Alginate-Coated Lignin for Effective Pollutant Remediation, Simple Recovery, and Cost-Effective Regeneration.

In the pursuit of sustainable materials for environmental remediation, this study presents the development and comprehensive characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) incorporated in lignocellulosic-derived sodium alginate (CFNPs@LCG-SA) biocomposite beads. These biobased beads exhibit exceptional adsorption capabilities, particularly for methylene blue (MB) dyes, rendering them promising candidates for wastewater treatment. Using a comprehensive range of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), etc., we elucidated their structural, physicochemical, and thermal properties. Their multifunctional nature, derived from lignin and sodium alginate components, provides ample active sites for both physical interactions and chemical bonding with contaminants apart from the magnetic character attributed by the CFNPs. With a freeze-drying approach, the optimal adsorption capacity and removal rate of MB reached 97 mg/g and 99%, respectively, and no meaningful decline in their activity was noted even after six cycles. The CFNPs@LCG-SA biocomposite beads emerge as a cost-efficient and sustainable remedy for environmental cleanup, offering valuable perspectives in environmental preservation and advancing green energy technologies.

Synthesis, spectroscopy, solvation effect, topology and molecular docking studies on 2,2′-((1,2 phenylenebis (azaneylylidene)) bis (methaneylylidene)) bis(4-bromophenol)

The 2,2′-((1,2 phenylenebis (azaneylylidene)) bis (methaneylylidene)) bis(4-bromophenol) (5BSOP) Schiff base was synthesized, characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, and the data are compared with predictions from DFT computations. The calculated energy values are -8.65 eV (HOMO) and -6.66 eV (LUMO), and the energy gap was found to be 1.99 eV. The reactive atom sites in the chemical are identified by MEP analysis. The locations of localized and delocalized orbitals are revealed through ELF and LOL surface maps. The sites of non-covalent interactions are exposed by RDG and NCI analysis. The possible inter and intra-molecular interactions were determined by NBO analysis and the highest stabilization energy observed was 40.07 kcal/mol. Biological performance as a HMGCS2 expression enhancer was predicted by Pass online studies. Molecular docking simulation with protein 706I having HMGCS2 expression inhibition characteristics revealed a stable receptor-ligand interaction pose at a binding energy of -4.74 kcal/mol. The interaction of the Phe61 amino acid chain of 706I with 5BSOP through conventional H-bond expressed a bond distance of 3.24 A°.

High-performance ZnO:CuO composite-based fiber-shaped electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing in biological fluids

The growing diabetes epidemic necessitates new glucose sensors, as traditional enzyme-based and planar electrodes face limitations in environmental stability and seamless integration into wearable technology. This research tackles these issues by designing a flexible, enzyme-free glucose sensor utilizing a co-deposited ZnO:CuO (CZ) composite on PET monofilament. This approach improves the tensile strength (55 mm at 2.7 kg.f) and electrical conductance (0.32 S), of the Ni-coated PET fiber, resulting in a strong and reliable sensing platform. The electrode's enlarged electrochemical surface area (0.11 cm2), offer a high density of active sites for glucose interaction, and the synergistic interface significantly enhances both ion and charge mobility. This results in exceptional sensitivity (35.05 mA.cm−2.mM−1), a rapid response (24 s), and a low detection limit (0.15 mM). Durability tests demonstrate that the sensor retains 80% of its sensitivity after 500 bending cycles, making it well-suited for wearable applications. Furthermore, the sensor accurately detects glucose in biological samples, such as saliva, highlighting its potential for non-invasive, real-time glucose monitoring in wearable healthcare systems.

Synergistic ZnO-NiO composites for superior Fiber-Shaped Non-Enzymatic glucose sensing

The rise in diabetes requires new glucose sensors, as traditional enzyme-based and planar electrodes are sensitive to the environment and hard to integrate into wearables. This study addresses these issues by developing a flexible, non-enzymatic glucose sensor using a co-sputtered ZnO: NiO (NZ) composite on PET fiber. This design enhances the tensile strength (60 mm at 3.2 kg.f) and conductance (0.23 S) of Cu-coated PET fiber, forming a durable sensing platform. The electrode’s enhanced electrochemical surface area (0.13 cm2) offers abundant active sites for glucose interaction, while the synergistic interface effect boosts ion and charge transport, improving glucose sensing. The sensor achieves high sensitivity (28.96 mA·cm−2·mM−1), fast response time (23 s), and a low detection limit (0.25 mM), while maintaining 78 % of its sensitivity after 500 bending cycles. These features, combined with good electrochemical stability—retaining 60 % of its initial performance after prolonged electrolyte exposure—mark a significant advancement in wearable glucose monitoring.

3D characterization of the Mila 18 archaeological site in Warsaw, Poland: From imaging to excavation

Archaeological site investigations in urban environments are often beset with challenges such as (1) an absence of buried artifacts due to recent disturbance from infrastructure development or (2) community concerns about potential site impacts from excavations. Noninvasive geophysical surveys that use a combination of methods can help mitigate the risks of uncertain outcomes by identifying areas where culturally significant features are more likely to be uncovered. We show how new technology and traditional geophysical survey methods were used to characterize the subsurface of the Mila 18 Memorial site in Warsaw, Poland. This site is one of the most important places of remembrance for the Holocaust and coincides with the location of an underground bunker that was used by Jewish resistance groups during the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. In this case study, we showcase the use of drone multispectral imaging and handheld lidar scanning in conjunction with other geophysical techniques including electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar, magnetic gradiometer, twin-probe resistance, and fixed-frequency electromagnetic surveying. The geophysical results were included in an interactive 3D site model to help identify a suitable site for excavation. To document the excavation and to validate and further interrogate the geophysical survey results, we used lidar-based photo-textured scans of the excavation that were incorporated into the 3D site model.

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids and Iridoids Isolated From Vinca Soneri: In Vitro and In Silico Perspectives.

Various Vinca species have been traditionally used for their antihypertensive, sedative, and hemostatic properties, as well as for treating diabetes. In this study, some flavonoids, phenolic acids and iridoids were isolated from an endemic Vinca species, Vinca soneri for the first time. α-Glucosidase inhibitory effects of the isolates were tested and kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6) β-galactopyranoside (1) was found to be the most active one with an IC50 value of 285.73 ±7.35 μM. Enzyme kinetic assay revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in competitive manner. Molecular geometry of 1 was predicted and Frontier molecular orbital analysis was performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Molecular docking and MM-GBSA calculations predicted good fit for 1 in the enzyme active site and key interactions with the catalytic residues. As a result, current study identifies 1 as a promising competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor to be developed as a potential antidiabetic drug candidate.

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of Novel Trifluoromethyl Benzamides as Promising CETP Inhibitors.

Hyperlipidemia is considered a major risk factor for the progress of atherosclerosis. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the relocation of cholesterol esters from HDL to LDL. CETP inhibition produces higher HDL and lower LDL levels. Synthesis of nine benzylamino benzamides 8a-8f and 9a-9c was performed. In vitro biological study displayed potential CETP inhibitory activity, where compound 9c had the best activity with an IC50 of 1.03 μM. Induced-fit docking demonstrated that 8a-8f and 9a-9c accommodated the CETP active site and hydrophobic interaction predominated ligand/ CETP complex formation. Pharmacophore mapping showed that this scaffold endorsed CETP inhibitors features and consequently elaborated the high CETP binding affinity.

Inducing One-Step Dehydrogenation of Magnesium Borohydride via Confinement in Robust Dodecahedral Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Scaffold.

A dodecahedral activated N-doped porous carbon scaffold is synthesized and used for the nanoconfinement of Mg(BH4)2. The optimized mesoporous scaffold possesses an accumulated pore width of 2.65nm, high specific surface area (3955.9 m2g-1), and large pore volume (2.15 cm3g-1), providing ample space for the confinement of Mg(BH4)2 particles and numerous surface active sites for interactions with the same. The confined Mg(BH4)2 system features a dehydrogenation onset temperature of 81.5°C, an extremely high capacity of 10.2 wt% H2, and an almost single-step dehydrogenation profile. Moreover, the system exhibits superior capacity retention of 82.7% after 20 cycles at a moderate temperature of 250°C. Precise activation control enables a transformation from microporous carbon materials to mesoporous ones, and hence the efficient nanoconfinement of Mg(BH4)2 and realization of one-step dehydrogenation. The evolution of borohydride intermediates is systematically revealed throughout the cycling process. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate defective N heteroatoms within the scaffold are vital in reducing the strength of B─H bonds, and the N-doped carbon can facilitate decomposition of the irreversible MgB12H12 intermediate. This study opens up new avenues for designing robust carbon scaffolds doped with heteroatoms and analyzing intermediate evolution in nanoconfined Mg-based borohydride systems.

Interaction between Molnupiravir and noble metal substrates in SERS detection: A DFT method and Raman characteristic study

Molnupiravir, a nucleoside analogue (EIDD-2801), is an RNA polymerase inhibitor that effectively treats infections caused by novel coronaviruses and can be administered orally. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the distribution of Molnupiravir in vivo after oral administration. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a suitable detection method, so it is necessary to understand the interaction between Molnupiravir and noble metal nanoparticles in the SERS effect. Therefore, we used density functional theory combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to investigate the interaction between Molnupiravir and noble metal/composite nanoparticles in the SERS effect. To study the interaction sites of Molnupiravir and the substrate in the SERS effect, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of Molnupiravir was calculated. Considering the significant role of binding energy in studying molecular docking, the binding energy between Molnupiravir and Metal6 (Au6, Ag6, Au3Ag3) atomic clusters was calculated. The calculated results of the frontier orbitals and relevant molecular parameters of Molnupiravir and Molnupiravir-Metal6 complexes reveal the changes in the molecular properties of Molnupiravir in the SERS effect. Finally, the theoretical Raman spectra differences between Molnupiravir and complexes were compared and analyzed, and the adsorption structure of Molnupiravir on the substrate surface was determined based on the surface selection rules of SERS. The research results will provide insights into the interaction between Molnupiravir and the substrate in the SERS effect, and also offer theoretical support for the application of SERS methods in biomedical detection.

An innovative guanidinium-based ionic covalent organic frameworks with abundant aromatic rings for high-efficiency naproxen removal: Adsorption behavior, mechanisms, and density functional theory calculations

In recent years, naproxen (NPX) has raised significant environmental concerns requiring urgent attention. This study presents an innovative guanidinium-based ionic covalent organic framework (TFPB-TgCl), containing abundant aromatic rings, which was successfully synthesized via Schiff base reaction for the efficient and selective removal of NPX. Remarkably, TFPB-TgCl manifested a maximal NPX adsorption capacity of 308 mg/g at pH = 5. The adsorption on the active site (AOAS) model highlighted the simultaneous occurrence of both physical and chemical adsorption during the NPX uptake. The coefficients of the physical adsorption rates (5.6479, 1.9224, and 1.9224 min−1 for NPX concentrations of 20, 50, and 100 mg/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the chemical adsorption rates (0.1759, 0.0681, and 0.0567 g·mg−1·min−1 for the same concentrations), indicating the predominance of physical adsorption. Furthermore, the multilayer adsorption (MLA) model suggested that an adsorption site can interact with more NPX molecules, benefiting from various electrostatic and π-π interactions. The negative values of enthalpy change (ΔH° = −11.956 kJ/mol) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG < 0) confirmed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Additionally, in the optimal adsorption configuration (−131.57 kcal/mol), the Independent Gradient Model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) was utilized to identify interaction sites between the guanidinium group of TFPB-TgCl and the carboxyl group of NPX, with subsequent electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis emphasizing their crucial role in electrostatic adsorption. Overall, the adsorption mechanism of electrostatic and π-π interactions in TFPB-TgCl highlights the significant contribution of its guanidinium and aromatic rings in facilitating NPX adsorption.

Enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of ZnSe/PANI composite for low ppm level room temperature detection of NO2

The utilization of n-p composite-based gas sensors has garnered substantial interest within the field of gas sensing. This heightened attention can be attributed to the remarkable band alignment of the constituent materials which results in superior charge transfer rate, increased gas interaction sites and reduced optimum operating temperature. In this work, n-ZnSe/p-PANI composites were prepared by simple hydrothermal technique. The obtained X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the phase formation ZnSe, PANI and ZnSe/PANI composites. The pure ZnSe exhibits a sensing performance at a higher operating temperature of 100 °C, whereas ZnSe/PANI composite sample demonstrates an improved sensing response at 30 °C. Notably, the 20 wt.% composite sample (ZnSe–P2) achieved a maximum sensing response of 77 % towards 20 ppm of NO2 gas molecule. Additionally, the sensor exhibits the response time (Tres) of 112 s and recovery time (Trec) of 648 s, at an operating temperature of 30 °C. It also shows better stability, reproducibility and specific selectivity towards NO2 gas molecule. The superior sensing behaviour of the ZnSe-P2 sensor at 30 °C can be ascribed to the development of a depletion region in the interface of ZnSe/PANI composites, which improved the charge transfer rate and increased the number of reactive sites. Therefore, the formation of n-p inorganic-organic composite strategy offers an effective approach for detecting NO2 gas molecules at lower temperature of 30 °C.

Synthesis of poly(terphenyl-co-dibenzo-18-crown-6 methylimidazole) copolymers for high-performance high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

This study focuses on the development of high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), which are essential components for HT-PEM fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). While phosphoric acid (PA) doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) has been recognized as a successful HT-PEM, it faces several challenges, including the use of carcinogenic monomer, complex synthesis processes, and poor solubility in organic solvents. To produce more cost-effective, easily synthesized, and high-performance alternatives, this study utilizes a straightforward superacid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction to synthesize a series of poly(terphenyl-co-dibenzo-18-crown-6 methylimidazole) copolymers, referred to as Co-x%TP-y%CE-Im, using p-terphenyl, dibenzo-18-crown-6 and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-formaldehyde as monomers. The copolymerized hydrophilic and bulky crown ether units introduce substantial free volume and multiple interaction sites with PA molecules, as indicated by theoretical calculations. Additionally, the formation of microphase separation structures, confirmed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), contributes to the enhanced performance of these membranes. For instance, after immersion in 85 wt% and 75 wt% PA solutions, the Co-90%TP-10%CE membrane achieves PA doping contents of 200 % and 169 %, achieving high conductivities of 0.092 S cm−1 and 0.054 S cm−1 at 180 °C, while maintaining tensile strengths of 6.5 MPa and 7.5 MPa at room temperature. Without the need for humidification or backpressure, the peak power density of an H2-O2 cell equipped with Co-90%TP-10%CE/169%PA membrane with a thickness of 79 μm reaches an impressive 1018 mW cm−2 at 210 °C. These results demonstrate new materials and insights for the development of high-performance HT-PEMs.

Advanced Electrochemical Detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol in Water with Molecularly Imprinted Chitosan Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a hazardous chemical that can be passed down to offspring. Because 2,4-DCP degrades slowly and can be passed down to future generations, it’s a pesticide that needs to be continuously monitored and managed. With the use of chitosan-stabilized AuNPs on a glassy carbon electrode and the molecular imprinting technique, an effective electrochemical sensor has been built for the selective determination of 2,4-DCP in different aqueous samples. The analyte’s electroactive surface area and number of interaction sites are both increased by the AuNPs. The formulated AuNPs were characterized using several material characterization techniques. Molecularly imprinted nanomaterials provided the selectivity against other interfering chlorophenols. With a detection limit of 6.33 nM and a broad linear dynamic range of 21.09 to 310 nM, 2,4-DCP was found using differential pulse voltammetry. Without interference from structural analogs, the sensor was effectively evaluated in a variety of contaminated water samples.

An oxygen-defective framework with intensified Lewis acidity reinforcing composite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are considered a key component of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries, regarded as the next generation of energy storage devices with high energy density and long operating life. Numerous studies have shown that the performance of CSEs is closely related to the structure of the fillers and the interactions between fillers and other components, including polymer matrices and lithium salts. To create more abundant interaction sites in CSEs, we designed a nanostructured framework with intensified Lewis acidity (PVDF-HFP/Ov-CeO2) for poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) electrolyte (denoted as Ov-CeO2-CSE). The mystery concerning the nanostructured framework adsorbs with PEO polymer and dissociates TFSI− and its influence on the electrochemical lithium ions storage performance is meticulously revealed by coupling experimental with theoretical results. Impressively, the prepared Ov-CeO2-CSE shows improved ionic conductivity (1.76 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C) and a good lithium-ion transference number (0.49). The Li||Ov-CeO2-CSE||Li cell exhibits great cyclability over 3,500 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 (areal capacity: 0.1 mAh cm−2, 60 °C). Furthermore, the Li||Ov-CeO2-CSE||LFP cell delivers a high specific capacity of 154.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 C, stably maintained over 500 cycles. This work provides a potential strategy for designing multifunctional frameworks by efficient interfaces to build advanced all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.