Interaction Process Research Articles

“High energy ahead!”: exploring Chinese adolescents’ pragmatic identities in bullet-screen discourse

In the digital era, bullet-screen comments have emerged as an innovative online communication method, serving as a vital bridge that connects young internet users, stimulates creative expression, and fosters cultural resonance. Particularly in China, bullet-screen video platforms, exemplified by Bilibili, have quickly attracted a large youth audience due to their features of real-time interaction and deep engagement. As active communication participants in cyberspace, the online language features and identity construction characteristics of adolescents not only reflect the value orientations and behavioral patterns of contemporary youth but also play a significant role in the evolution and shaping of online social environments. This study, grounded in pragmatic identity theory, conducts an in-depth analysis of the pragmatic identity construction of Chinese adolescents in bullet-screen communication. By selecting Bilibili as the research site and carefully choosing six representative bullet-screen videos as analytical samples, the study examines the bullet-screen content in detail, revealing that adolescents can flexibly construct multiple pragmatic identities within this instant interactive discourse system. These identities include “commentators,” “passers-by,” “mockers,” “onlookers,” “questioners,” “knowledge sharers,” and “spoilers.” To meet diverse communicative needs and objectives, adolescents employ various discourse strategies to construct these diverse pragmatic identities, such as language style, speech acts, and vocabulary selection. The use of these discourse strategies not only aids bullet-screen senders in successfully constructing different pragmatic identities but also generates varied communicative effects, creating a dynamic interactive process.

OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF DIGITAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERLIBATAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

This research aims to explore the application of digital interactive media in improving mathematics learning outcomes in elementary schools. The method employed is qualitative research, with data collection techniques involving a literature review of 15 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and 2024. The data is analyzed in depth to identify patterns, themes, or relationships relevant to the research topic. Data collection techniques include content analysis of articles related to the use of interactive digital media in mathematics learning. The instrument used in this study is an analysis form designed to evaluate the quality and impact of interactive media in the context of mathematics education. The analysis results indicate that the use of digital interactive media, such as educational applications and learning videos, can significantly enhance students' motivation and understanding of mathematical concepts. The use of appropriate media not only addresses students' negative perceptions of mathematics but also increases engagement and provides a more enjoyable learning experience. These findings highlight the importance of integrating technology into mathematics education to create a more effective and interactive learning process, which positively impacts students' learning outcomes.

Unveiling the nature of cathodoluminescence from photon statistics

Abstract Cathodoluminescence (CL), the emission of light induced by accelerated free electrons, has been extensively utilized in various applications, such as displays, streak cameras, and high-spatial-resolution analysis of optical materials, surpassing the diffraction limit of light. Despite its long history, the photon statistics of CL have only recently been examined, revealing unexpectedly large bunching of photons. Here we find that this peculiar photon bunching contains information of intervening excitation processes before the photon emission, which can be extracted from the photon statistics within each excitation event by a single free electron. Using this approach, we experimentally unveiled the statistical differences of coherent CL involving a single electromagnetic interaction process and incoherent CL involving multiple excitation processes. The developed formulation is universally applicable for particle generation processes in general to investigate the nature of cascade reactions.

Variety or Similarity: The Typology and Frequency of Occurrence of Certain Kinds of Puzzles Present in Puzzle-Based Gamebooks

This paper presents a research project oriented on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of puzzles present in the modern-day (published after 2015) puzzle-oriented gamebooks (i.e., Journal 29) and book escape rooms (i.e., Cypher Files). The research presented included two stages. The qualitative stage aimed to apply the concepts from the fields of ludology and interaction design to interpret the play experience in selected gamebooks. This part resulted in research notes describing the interaction process with each puzzle in analyzed gamebooks. The result of the analysis of those notes is the proposition of the typology of riddles and puzzles present in those books and a general reflection on the puzzle-solving process structure. In the second part of the project, we intended to apply the typology to address research questions of a quantitative nature related to puzzle uniqueness, dissemination of particular puzzle types, and similarity of design practice between authors.

A study of lesson design strategies to promote regulated learning in science considering the social context

Going beyond merely imparting information and actually equipping children with the skills to engage in scientific enquiry is important. This is a focus area in Japan, through which scientific literacy and critical thinking in education can be improved. With the right environment, children can be encouraged to pursue self-driven inquiry, reflect on their learning and collaborate with their peers. Professor Ichiro Wada, Division of Advanced Professional Practice in Education, Yokohama National University who is interested in improving childrenâ–™s ability to regulate their own learning based on metacognition and the right environment for this to happen. His current research concerns how the regulation of learning is established within a social context and he is homing in on three important concepts: self-regulation (SRL); co-regulation (CoRL); and socially shared regulated learning (SSRL). Focusing on these types of regulation, Wada and his collaborators developed and examined a science lesson design strategy integrating instruction and evaluation to develop children's ability to solve problems independently and collaboratively. The researchers found that the children's metacognition function was a hub which connected them to one another and enhanced their function through interaction with others. They also discovered that the teacher's feedback function was promoted by the children's evaluation and judgement. This work enabled Wada to capture the interrelated cognitive, metacognitive and motivational variables of these concepts. He has modelled the formation of the internal structure and interaction processes. A key current focus for Wada is evaluative judgement, which requires children to have their own evaluative criteria related to the selection and choosing of information.

Assembly processes inferred from eDNA surveys of a pond metacommunity are consistent with known species ecologies

Technological advances are enabling ecologists to conduct large‐scale and structured community surveys. However, it is unclear how best to extract information from these novel community data. We metabarcoded 48 vertebrate species from their eDNA in 320 ponds across England and applied the ‘internal structure' approach, which uses joint species distribution models (JSDMs) to explain compositions as the result of four metacommunity processes: environmental filtering, dispersal, species interactions, and stochasticity. We confirm that environmental filtering plays an important role in community assembly, and find that species' estimated environmental preferences are consistent with known ecologies. We also detect negative biotic covariances between fish and amphibians after controlling for divergent environmental preferences, consistent with predator–prey interactions (likely mediated by predator avoidance behaviour), and we detect high spatial autocorrelation for the palmate newt, consistent with its hypothesised relict distribution. Promisingly, ecologically and spatially distinctive sites are better explained by their environmental covariates and geographic locations, respectively, revealing sites where environmental filtering and dispersal limitation act more strongly. These results are consistent with the recent proposal that applying JSDMs to species distribution patterns can help reveal the relative importance of environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and biotic interaction processes for individual sites and species. Our results also highlight the value of the modern interpretation of metacommunity ecology, which embraces the fact that assembly processes differ among species and sites. We discuss how novel community data allow for several study design improvements that will strengthen the inference of metacommunity assembly processes from observational data.

A novel theoretical model framework for the 3D CdZnTe drift strip detector

Advances in data analysis and model prediction offer new potential for enhancing radiation measurement technologies, particularly in detector characterization and real-time signal analysis. A key challenge is creating realistic detector models that accurately describe the complex physical processes of photon-matter interaction, signal formation including material characteristics, and measurement to enhance design optimization and detector physics understanding. This research study introduces the development of an Advanced Theoretical Detector Model (ATDM) framework to evaluate the physical effects of charge diffusion, repulsion, and trapping, enabling the generation of realistic detector-specific signals through model prediction. Using physics simulations, the ATDM geometry, material properties, electric fields, and electrode weighting potentials are modeled for the DTU Space large-area (16 cm2) 3D CZT drift strip detectors. The simulations are based on the adjoint equations method, which when applied to the charge continuity equation allows deriving a description of underlying Charge Induction Efficiency (CIE) in the model. This allows for precise 3D mapping of induced charge at any time or interaction position. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations generate recoiled photo-electron trajectories in CZT, which, combined with simulations of their propagation and secondary scattering processes yield a realistic charge cloud distribution. Model verification is achieved through experiments using narrow slit-beam illumination from a 137Cs source, measuring pulse shapes in the 40×40×5 mm3 detector modules with 69 readout channels. The ATDM framework, applicable to various detector types, successfully captures experimental data, offering insights into the pulse shape formation, timing, and intrinsic detector parameters that could guide future electrode configuration optimization and on the fly photon-by-photon measurements. The results also suggest a potential for electron tracking capability in 3D CZT drift strip electrodes, an exciting development that could significantly advance polarimetry and Compton imaging instruments for the future high-energy missions.

Temperature dependence of femtosecond photoacoustic process in high-precision characterization for metal nanofilms.

Femtosecond photoacoustic detection is a powerful all-optical technique for characterizing metal nanofilms. However, the lack of accurate descriptions of the temperature-dependent optical properties of metal nanofilms during ultrafast thermal processes hinders the deep understanding of this dynamic behavior, leading to compromised measurement accuracy. To address this, we developed Critical Point Models (CPMs) for copper and AlCu nanofilms to describe their dynamic optical properties during photoacoustic testing. By integrating dynamic behavior into ultrafast laser-matter interaction and acousto-optic processes, we explored the temperature effects throughout testing. Numerical simulations were performed to analyze the temperature, stress, and surface reflectivity distributions of the nanofilms. Compared to experimental results, our dynamic models significantly improved prediction accuracy for both copper and AlCu nanofilms. This highlights the importance of temperature dependence in femtosecond photoacoustic testing and validates our model's capability to capture the behavior of metal nanofilms under ultrafast laser irradiation.

Modelling of geomechanical processes of interaction of the ice cover with subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica

Modelling of geomechanical processes of interaction of the ice cover with subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica

Multiple optical path length reflections enhancement based on balloon-type photoacoustic cell for trace gas sensing.

A novel balloon-type photoacoustic cell (BTPAC) is proposed to facilitate the detection limitations of acetylene (C2H2) gas achieving ppb level. Here, an ellipsoidal photoacoustic cavity is employed as the platform for gas-light interaction. By strategically directing the excitation source towards the focal point of the ellipsoidal cavity, ensuring its trajectory traverses the focal point upon each reflection from the interior walls. This path increases the gas absorption path length and improves the efficiency of the laser-gas interaction process. Experimental results show that the quality factor of the BTPAC is 224.24 under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Notably, the system maintains a high signal-to-noise ratio even at a C2H2 concentration of 0.1 ppm. Moreover, the minimum detection limit (MDL) and normalized noise equivalent absorption can be calculated to be 3.86 ppb, 6.94·10-10 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2, respectively. Finally, the MDL of the sensor reaches to 0.71 ppb when the integration time reaches 100 s.

Digital Teaching Practices and Student Academic Stress in the Era of Digitalization in Higher Education

ICT and digitization are transforming higher education, but one aspect that has been little addressed is student academic stress in this context. The objective of this research was to explore the relationship between teaching practices and academic stress in virtual learning environments. A quantitative study based on structural equation modeling was conducted using 6605 students from a public university in Lima. Two scales were applied and validated to assess specific dimensions of teaching practices and levels of academic stress. The scales demonstrated robust psychometric properties. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis allowed the identification of key underlying factors and the validation of the proposed theoretical model. Findings reveal indirect negative influences between teaching practices and academic stress. External factors like overload, distractions, and technological issues disrupt teacher interaction, collaboration, and learning processes. Model fit indices confirm its robustness, emphasizing the need to optimize resources and improve virtual education environments. ICT in education enhances accessibility and personalization but demands addressing academic stress and optimizing virtual learning environments. Future research is called for to delve deeper into the integration of emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence and virtual reality, as well as mindfulness, digital skills, and mobile self-efficacy, to comprehensively address stress and student well-being.

Addressing Barriers to Racial Health Disparity Policy Change Advocacy: Exploring White Defensiveness Strategies.

Efforts to effect racial health disparity (RHD) policy change are urgent, necessary, and subject to a key barrier: defensiveness among White privileged audiences. Within the literature to date, such defensiveness is under-investigated, and when examined, is typically conceived of as an individual cognitive outcome-a message effect-rather than a communication interaction. Yet policy change advocacy efforts, ranging from community organizing to change campaigns, necessitate communication interactions between advocates and privileged policy change audiences, such as neighborhood groups or policymakers themselves. This defensiveness conceptualization, focused on individual cognitions, therefore limits our understanding of interactive communication barriers in RHD policy advocacy processes. To address this limitation, our research conceives of defensiveness using the privileged identity exploration (PIE) model, developed by Watt in 2007, which posits that defensiveness strategies are used as part of an interactive communication process when people are asked to reflect on their own privilege. Defensiveness strategies, as described by Watt and colleagues in 2021 and 2023, are normal communicative reactions to protect one's self-identity from threatening information; the PIE models eight such strategies. RHD information invokes racial privilege, therefore eliciting defensiveness. Using a thematic analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews with White young adults from the Chicago (U.S.) area (N = 27), we identify defensiveness strategies relative to COVID-19 RHDs. Using the PIE as a lens to understand the data, we find some strategies lacking, some similar but differently nuanced, and identify a novel strategy among our participants, suggesting message tailoring opportunities. We describe implications for future research and practice.

Effects of Symbols on Communication Within the Society Via Symbolic Interactionism and the Case of Cem Karaca’s Song

Individuals, in the process of establishing a meaningful world, create communicating and interacting socially. As Symbolic Interactionists underline, free individuals with free will continue their lives by adapting to the order, in a sense, as imitators of the resources they interact with in the social order. Based on these theories, communication experts and sociologists are expected to realistically evaluate the meanings and consequences created by symbols so that people can live meaningful lives in the interaction processes that individuals are exposed to in society. According to the symbolic interactionist approach, what others think about us represents a process that directly affects who we are. In terms of symbolic interactionism, daily life constitutes one of the most important social elements that should be examined as the area of use of common symbols and language that reveal meaning. This study aims to address the concept of symbolic interaction in order to emphasize the importance of how symbols in culture and many social areas in society, from sports to music, from art to literature, from media to social media, interact with individuals and how similar behaviors become widespread. In the research, document review and qualitative data collection methods were used through symbols.

Extracellular Vesicles Released by Glioblastoma Cancer Cells Drive Tumor Invasiveness via Connexin-43 Gap Junctions.

Although invasiveness is one of the major determinants of the poor glioblastoma (GBM) outcome, the mechanisms of GBM invasion are only partially understood. Among the intrinsic and environmental processes promoting cell-to-cell interaction processes, eventually driving GBM invasion, we focused on the pro-invasive role played by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous group of cell-released membranous structures containing various bioactive cargoes, which can be transferred from donor to recipient cells. EVs isolated from patient-derived GBM cell lines and surgical aspirates were assessed for their pro-migratory competence by spheroid migration assays, calcium imaging, and PYK-2/FAK phosphorylation. Brain invasiveness was investigated in human cortical organoids-based assembloids and in vivo orthotopic xenografts. EV molecular features were specified by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry. Results unveil a self-sustaining mechanism triggering migration through autocrine release and engagement of a specific population of EVs of large size (L-EVs), isolated from either patient-derived cell lines or surgical aspirates. L-EVs act through modulation of calcium transients via Connexin 43-Gap Junctions (Cx43-GJ) and phospho-activation of PYK2. Pre-incubation with blocking antibodies targeting Cx43 hemichannels demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of the L-EV-mediated GBM migration. By exploiting patients' surgical aspirates, we show that only L-EVs deriving from tumoral cells, and not those with immune origin, promote tumor migration, impacting more prominently the tumoral cells with mesenchymal subtype. We demonstrate that L-EVs released by GBM cells, but not by the immune cells of the tumor microenvironment, represent a relevant and unique autocrine pro-migratory input for the tumor.

Teachers’ co-regulation in classrooms: a video-based analysis of teachers’ foci of attention in emotional situations

ABSTRACT Prior research indicates that children have limited capacity to handle their emotions on their own and consequently need help to modify various emotional experiences, displays of emotions, and emotion-related behaviors. “Co-regulation” refers to an interactive process between adults and children in which children learn to regulate their emotions. The present study examines real-life classroom situations in which children display visible emotions. The aims of the study are (1) observe and identify the central foci of teachers’ attention during spontaneous emotional situations in classrooms, and (2) analyze how these foci influence the teachers’ responses in their co-regulatory interactions with the child or children involved. The data material consists of 103 hours of video recordings from five different classes in primary school, following eight teachers. The results show that teachers’ attention in emotional situations in classrooms focused on emotions, behavior, and academic issues. The paper discusses how these foci of attention influenced the teachers’ responses in their co-regulatory interactions with the children and clearly show the interactive and joint importance of affect, behavior, and cognition (ABC) in co-regulation. The paper concludes by outlining the study’s limitations, implications, and future research.

Spatiotemporal Interactive Modeling of Event-Based Dynamic Networks

Event-based dynamic networks exist in a wide range of areas, including traffic, biological, and social applications. Such a network consists of interaction event sequences over different locations, where each event may trigger or influence a series of subsequent events under certain intrinsic spatial structure because of their geographical and semantic proximities. Such influence patterns and triggering motivations reflect the nature and semantics of human/object behaviors in the network. Thus, modeling event-based dynamic networks properly is critically important. This article proposes a spatiotemporal interactive Hawkes process (SIHP) that describes how a series of events occurs and models the rate of interaction events between any pair of nodes on the network explicitly with the information from related historical events as well as geographical and semantic neighboring nodes. The proposed SIHP can not only learn the patterns of influence from historical interaction events on later ones, but can also understand the network dynamics by fully considering spatial structure knowledge. Specifically, we incorporate prior knowledge of spatial structure as a graph and design graph regularization in the SIHP, where model parameters are estimated by designing an alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) framework. Numerical experiments and a real case study on New York yellow taxi data validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The salient stakeholders of industrial downsizing: the contribution of boundary object and systemic shock

Purpose The identification of salient stakeholders remains an issue in stakeholder theory (ST). The articulation of ST with the concepts of boundary object and systemic shock contributes to tackle this point. A boundary object is the “stake” that aggregates a stable network of interdependent actors “holding” interest in it. They compromise to satisfy their interests and collectively reach an equilibrium. Design/methodology/approach In a deductive approach, to illustrate the conceptual framework, empirical evidence is provided by an in-depth case study based on semi-directive interviews and the secondary data (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2017) of an industrial downsizing that included massive dismissals and involves a multi-stakeholder network. I use a temporal bracketing methodology (Langley et al., 2013) to analyze the dynamic process of interactions between stakeholders. The evolution of interactions is analyzed before the public announcement, during the implementation of the downsizing, and after the closure. The case is Gamma-Alpha (GA), a large German pharmaceutical company, that decided to cut 1250 positions in its Geneva entity and to close the office. Findings This research contributes to the understanding of employment relationships through the lenses of ST. A managerial decision affecting a boundary object involving workers could lead to a systemic shock inducing network change that would require attention from managers in order to successfully implement their decision. It also highlights how and when stakeholders (employees, trade-unions, government, etc.) have more opportunities to influence firm behavior. Originality/value Our main contribution comes from enriching the literature on stakeholder theory with the concepts of boundary object and systemic shock, which results in a crucial conceptual advance: stakeholder saliency is not an intrinsic characteristic but depends on the boundary object that connects the stakeholder’s interests with those of the firm. Moreover, defining a systemic shock affecting the boundary object characterizes the event that triggers interactions between stakeholders and the dynamic evolution of the network.

Quasi-parallel Antisunward-propagating Whistler Waves Associated with the Electron Deficit in the Near-Sun Solar Wind: Particle-in-cell Simulation

Abstract In situ observations of the solar wind have shown that the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) consists of a quasi-Maxwellian core, comprising most of the electron population, and two sparser components: the halo, which are suprathermal and quasi-isotropic electrons, and an escaping beam population, the strahl. Recent Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SO) observations have added one more ingredient to the known nonthermal features, the deficit—a depletion in the sunward region of the VDF, already predicted by exospheric models but never so extensively observed. By employing particle-in-cell simulations, we study electron VDFs that reproduce those typically observed in the inner heliosphere and investigate whether the electron deficit may contribute to the onset of kinetic instabilities. Previous studies and in situ observations show that strahl electrons drive oblique whistler waves unstable, which in turn scatters them. As a result, suprathermal electrons can occupy regions of phase space where they fulfill resonance conditions with the parallel-propagating whistler wave. The suprathermal electrons lose kinetic energy, resulting in the generation of unstable waves. The sunward side of the VDF, initially depleted of electrons, is gradually filled, as this wave−particle interaction process, triggered by the depletion itself, takes place. Our findings are compared and validated against current PSP and SO observations: among others, our study provides a mechanism explaining the presence in the heliosphere of regularly observed parallel antisunward whistler waves, suggests why these waves are frequently observed concomitant with distributions presenting an electron deficit, and describes a noncollisional heat flux regulating process.

Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic associated fatty liver disease by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2DM) combined with fatty liver is a subtype of metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and the relationship between T2DM and MAFLD is close and mutually influential. However, the connection and mechanisms between the two are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing both conditions.MethodsWe performed differential expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) on publicly available data on the two diseases in the Gene Expression Omnibus database to find genes related to both conditions. We utilised protein–protein interactions (PPIs), Gene Ontology, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to identify T2DM-associated MAFLD genes and potential mechanisms. Candidate biomarkers were screened using machine learning algorithms combined with 12 cytoHubba algorithms, and a diagnostic model for T2DM-related MAFLD was constructed and evaluated.The CIBERSORT method was used to investigate immune cell infiltration in MAFLD and the immunological significance of central genes. Finally, we collected whole blood from patients with T2DM-related MAFLD, MAFLD patients and healthy individuals, and used high-fat, high-glucose combined with high-fat cell models to verify the expression of hub genes.ResultsDifferential expression analysis and WGCNA identified 354 genes in the MAFLD dataset. The differential expression analysis of the T2DM-peripheral blood mononuclear cells/liver dataset screened 91 T2DM-associated secreted proteins. PPI analysis revealed two important modules of T2DM-related pathogenic genes in MAFLD, which contained 49 nodes, suggesting their involvement in cell interaction, inflammation, and other processes. TNFSF10, SERPINB2, and TNFRSF1A were the only coexisting genes shared between MAFLD key genes and T2DM-related secreted proteins, enabling the construction of highly accurate diagnostic models for both disorders. Additionally, high-fat, high-glucose combined with high-fat cell models were successfully produced. The expression patterns of TNFRSF1A and SERPINB2 were verified in patient blood and our cellular model. Immune dysregulation was observed in MAFLD, with TNFRSF1A and SERPINB2 strongly linked to immune regulation.ConclusionThe sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing and predicting T2DM-associated MAFLD can be greatly improved using SERPINB2 and TNFRSF1A. These genes may significantly influence the development of T2DM-associated MAFLD, offering new diagnostic options for patients with T2DM combined with MAFLD.

Neurodiverse Education and Chatbots as Personalized Learning Tools: Opening the Research Agenda

Approximately 15-20% of the global population is neurodiverse, including individuals with autism, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and dyslexia, who often face challenges in communication, social interaction, and sensory processing, leading to educational disengagement. Technology, particularly chatbots, offers potential solutions by providing personalized learning tailored to neurodiverse needs. However, research exploring this potential remains limited. The author examine how chatbots can provide personalized learning experiences tailored to the unique needs of neurodiverse students. This multidisciplinary review, grounded in Self-Determination Theory, explores how chatbots can enhance competency, autonomy, and relatedness for neurodiverse learners. Drawing on existing research and the lead author’s lived experience with over 100 neurodiverse individuals and as a parent of an autistic adolescent, the study proposes a framework for integrating chatbots into education. It provides actionable recommendations for educators, researchers, and policymakers to improve engagement and empowerment for neurodiverse students. By aligning with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 4, this research supports inclusive, equitable education and lifelong learning opportunities for neurodiverse individuals.