Interaction Patterns Research Articles

Climate Polarization on Czech Social Media After Trump’s Announcement to Withdraw the US from the Paris Agreement

ABSTRACT Donald Trump’s announcement on 1 June 2017 to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement triggered public debate, potentially revealing patterns of climate change polarization. Political polarization refers to differences in opinions and political beliefs and it has been extensively studied on social media, but remains less explored in response to specific events. We study the Czech Twitter debate to demonstrate the event’s impact on the interaction patterns of partisan, elite (policy-shaping actors outside social media), and non-elite (public) users. The event increased opinion divergence between ideological supporters and opponents, thus increasing polarization. Typically, belief homophily, interacting with like-minded users, accompanies polarization; here, it didn’t increase due to expanded debate and resulting heterophilous interactions. Non-elite users drove polarization, likely following elite cues since elite users were extremely polarized already before the event. The event revealed a bipolar interaction pattern emerging afterward, likely indicating a latent coalition structure. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS Political events can have a polarizing effect on climate debate. Increased user participation can decrease overall belief homophily – engagement with like-minded users – and increase polarization simultaneously. The political polarization of non-elite social media users likely follows elite cues. Political events that favor one side trigger the activity of the “losing” side in the debate on social media.

A Weighted Composite Metric for Evaluating User Experience in Educational Chatbots: Balancing Usability, Engagement, and Effectiveness

Evaluating user experience (UX) is essential for optimizing educational chatbots to enhance learning outcomes and student productivity. This study introduces a novel weighted composite metric integrating interface usability assessment (via the Chatbot Usability Questionnaire, CUQ), engagement measurements (via the User Engagement Scale—Short Form, UES-SF), and objective performance indicators (through error rates and response times), addressing gaps in existing evaluation methods across interaction modes (text-based, menu-based, and hybrid) and question complexities. A 3 × 3 within-subject experimental design (n = 30) was conducted, measuring these distinct UX dimensions through standardized instruments and performance metrics, supplemented by qualitative feedback. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive weights for the composite UX metric based on empirical patterns in user interactions. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the hybrid interaction mode outperformed the others, achieving significantly higher usability (F(2,58) = 89.32, p < 0.001) and engagement (F(2,58) = 8.67, p < 0.001), with fewer errors and faster response times under complex query conditions. These findings demonstrate the hybrid mode’s adaptability across question complexities. The proposed framework establishes a standardized method for evaluating educational chatbots, providing actionable insights for interface optimization and sustainable learning tools.

Theoretical Insights into Rare-Earth-Catalyst-Controlled Diastereo- and Enantioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of Aromatic Aldimines with Styrenes.

Rare-earth-catalyzed annulation reactions using alkenes via C-H activation offer an atom-efficient approach to constructing cyclic compounds. However, the mechanisms underlying these reactions remain poorly understood, limiting the rational design of related catalytic systems. Recently, Hou and Cong reported an unprecedented example of rare-earth-catalyst-controlled diastereodivergent asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation of aromatic aldimines with alkenes. To elucidate the mechanisms and the origins of diastereo- and enantioselectivity, density functional theory calculations were performed. The results revealed that the styrene insertion step determines the stereoselectivity. Styrene insertion follows a similar metal-styrene interaction pattern across different catalysts. Specifically, during cis-insertion, styrene interacts strongly with the metal center, exhibiting significant Sc···Ph interactions, whereas such interactions are absent during trans-insertion. Thus, when the catalyst is employed with a small ligand, stereoselectivity is primarily governed by electronic factors, favoring the cis-insertion mode. In contrast, for the more sterically hindered catalyst, the Sc···Ph interactions in cis-insertion are insufficient to overcome the steric effects, leading to a preference for the trans-insertion mode, which minimizes steric hindrance. These findings offer deeper insights into the origins of catalyst-controlled diastereo- and enantioselectivity and will also contribute to the rational design of stereospecific annulation reactions in rare-earth catalysis.

Radical-Trapping and Hydroperoxide-Decomposing Benzoselenazole Antioxidants with Potential Biological Applications against Oxidative Stress.

The synthesis of variety of phenolic benzoselenazoles has been described. Phenolic benzoselenazoles with para-substitution were synthesized from diselenides and aldehydes using acetic acid as a catalyst. All compounds have been tested for glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like antioxidant activity in thiophenol assay. Radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA) activity of benzoselenazoles towards ROO• radicals has been studied for the inhibition of autoxidation of cumene in chlorobenzene from the O2-consumption during the inhibited period. The compound 13c found to inhibit azo-initiated oxidation of cumene with a stoichiometric factor (n) ≃ 2.2. This study has also suggested some insights into the substitution-dependent activity of anilides over phenols as effective radical-trapping antioxidants. Moreover, the zone of inhibition study corroborated the antimicrobial potential of the synthesized antioxidants against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Anti-biofilm activities were portrayed against the production of biofilms by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. MDA-MB-231cellline was selected for triple-negative breast carcinoma for in vitro cytotoxicity of all antioxidants using the MTT assay. Moreover, the interaction patterns of antioxidants with target proteins of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa were demonstrated usingmolecular docking study. Molecular dynamics simulations were deployed toinvestigate the structural dynamics and the stability of the complex.

Resilient stellarator divertor characteristics in the helically symmetric eXperiment

Abstract Resilient divertor features connected to open chaotic edge structures in the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX) are investigated. For the first time, an expanded vessel wall was considered that would give space for implementation of a physical divertor target structure. The analysis was done for four different magnetic configurations with very different chaotic plasma edges. A resilient plasma wall interaction pattern was identified across all configurations. This manifests as qualitatively very similar footprint behavior across the different plasma equilibria. Overall, the resilient field lines of interest with high connection length LC lie within a helical band along the wall for all configurations. This resiliency can be used to identify the best location of a divertor. The details of the magnetic footprint's resilient helical band is subject to specific field line structures which are linked to the penetration depth of field lines into the plasma and directly influence the heat and particle flux patterns. The differences arising from these details are characterized by introducing a new metric, the minimum radial connection min(δN) of a field line from the last closed flux surface. The relationship, namely the deviation from a scaling law, between min(δN) and LC of the field lines in the plasma edge field line behavior suggests that the field lines are associated with structures such as resonant islands, cantori, and turnstiles. This helps determine the relevant magnetic flux channels based on the radial location of these chaotic edge structures and the divertor target footprint. These details will need to be taken into account for resilient divertor design.

Deciphering the Role of Vinylene Carbonate in Shaping CO2 Cluster Growth and Stability via Wavelet-Enhanced Microwave Spectroscopy.

This study presents the first integration of wavelet denoising with resonator-enhanced microwave spectroscopy to explore the formation and characteristics of gas-phase heterogeneous vinylene carbonate-(CO2)1-5 clusters. Through this innovative approach, faint spectral lines were detected with efficiency, enhancing our understanding of complex interaction patterns that govern the growth and stability of these molecular clusters. It was found that CO2 aggregates preferentially around the vinylene carbonate molecule through C···O tetrel bonds at the carbonyl and ether groups, altering the typical self-aggregation topology of free CO2 clusters. This leads to more symmetrical growth around the vinylene carbonate monomer. Our findings provide insights into the solvation mechanisms of compounds in supercritical CO2 thereby advancing the understanding of subnanoscale CO2 aggregation patterns.

Cinta di Era Digital: Mengungkap Mencari Pasangan di Waplog melalui Perspektif Fenomenologi Alfred Schutz

This research aims to understand the phenomenon of looking for a partner on the online dating application Waplog, through Alfred Schurtz's phenomenological approach. This research focuses on the motives, meanings and communication experiences experienced by users of the online dating application Waplog in their efforts to find a partner. Qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach were used to explore the subjective experiences of informants selected purposively. Data collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using phenomenological interpretation. The research results show that the motives of Waplog application users vary from the need for social interaction to efforts to forget painful past experiences. The meanings formed in this application also differ depending on the user's background and expectations, be it for a friend to talk to, starting a new relationship, having the courage to express feelings, or starting a more serious relationship. The communication experience that occurs also reflects a unique social experience, where online dating users on the Waplog application have meaning and management in virtual interactions. This research provides new insights into how individuals interpret their experiences in the digital world in the context of finding a partner. These findings also highlight that technology shapes social interaction patterns and the dynamics of interpersonal relationships in the digital era.

Constructing mRNA-meth-miRNA single-sample networks to reveal the molecular interaction patterns induced by lunar orbital stressors in rice (Oryzasativa).

To explore the bio-effects during Moon exploration missions, we utilized the Chang'E 5 probe to carry the seeds of Oryza. Sativa L., which were later returned to Earth after 23 days in lunar orbit and planted in an artificial climate chamber. Compared to the control group, rice seeds that underwent spaceflight showed inhibited growth and development when planted on the ground. Then we collected samples and employed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) in the tillering and heading stages of rice. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the dysregulation in molecular interaction patterns during Moon exploration, a bioinformatics pipeline based on mRNA-meth-miRNA Single-Sample Networks (SSNs) was developed. Specifically, we constructed four SSNs for each sample at the mRNA, DNA methylation (promoter and gene bodies), and miRNA levels. By combining with the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, SSNs can character individual-specific gene interaction patterns. Under spaceflight conditions, distinct interaction patterns emerge across various omics levels. However, the molecules driving changes at each omics level predominantly regulate consistent biological functions, such as metabolic processes, DNA damage and repair, cell cycle, developmental processes, etc. In the tillering stage, pathways such as ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, nucleotide excision repair, and nucleotide metabolism are significantly enriched. Moreover, we identified 18 genes that played key/hub roles in the dysregulation of multi-omics molecular interaction patterns, and observed their involvement in regulating the above biological processes. As aforementioned, our multi-omics SSNs method can reveal the molecular interaction patterns under deep space exploration.

Exploring the causal paths and longitudinal impact of telework on health: the TeleHealth survey–data linkage study protocol

BackgroundThe transition from traditional office work to telework has accelerated significantly since the late 20th century, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its widespread adoption, the long-term health...

Predicting terrain deformation patterns in off-road vehicle-soil interactions using TRR algorithm

Soil deformation is one of the parameters affecting the performance of off-road vehicles, including traction, mobility, and steering. This study offers an examination of soil deformation resulting from interactions with pneumatic and track wheels. Experiments were conducted using a soil bin with a single-wheel test rig, equipped with both a standard agricultural tire and a customized track wheel. Three distinct levels of vertical loads (2, 3, and 4kN) and forward velocities (1, 2, and 3 km/h) were applied using the wheel tester. The displacement and deformation of the soil layers, visualized as a vertical cross-section along the motion path, were consistently prepared and photographed for all experiments. Image analysis was undertaken with MATLAB software to scale images and extract graphical data. The highest deformation, with a value of 60.86 mm, is associated with the interaction of a pneumatic wheel with a force of 4 kN, while the lowest deformation occurs when the soil interacts with a track wheel with a force of 2 kN, with a value of 25.05 mm. Furthermore, the fitted surfaces obtained using the optimization algorithm showed good convergence with the experimental data, with R2 values of 0.9783 and 0.9516 for the pneumatic tire and tracked tire, respectively. The results demonstrated that the TRR model performs well in accurately predicting soil deformation induced by various types of wheels. A comparison between soil deformations caused by track wheels and pneumatic wheels revealed that track wheels result in less deformation and disturbance, particularly in the upper soil layers. These findings underscore the importance of considering the type of traction device and loading conditions when assessing soil deformation in agricultural environments.

Metagenomic insight into the diffusion signal factor mediated social traits of anammox consortia after starvation.

Biomass starvation is common in biological wastewater treatment. As a social trait of microbial community, how quorum sensing (QS) regulated bacterial trade-off through interactions after starvation remains unclear. This study deciphered the mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) consortia in response to starvation, including reducing extracellular electron transfer (EET), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content and amino acid metabolism. Metagenomic analysis has shown that the addition of the diffusion signal factor (DSF) resulted in a high abundance of antioxidant genes, which contributed to achieving redox balance in anammox bacteria. There was an enrichment of Geobacter and Methanosarcina, which were QS-responsive direct interspecific electron transfer participants. Furthermore, DSF stimulated the nitrogen and carbon metabolism of Ca. Kuenenia_stuttgartiensis, promoting syntrophy of metabolic intermediates within microbial community. This study highlighted the effect of DSF on the microbial interaction patterns and deciphered the QS-based social traits of anammox consortia after starvation, facilitating the stable operation of the anammox process.

Developing multifaceted drug synergistic therapeutic strategy against neurological disorders.

Drug synergism can alter the ultimate biological effects and bioavailability of phytoconstituents. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors as symptomatic drugs are potent therapeutic regimen for neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, this study characterized the synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-AChE effects of the selected phytochemicals including standard drugs followed by enzyme kinetics, structure-based ligands screening and molecular dynamics simulation study. The synergistic interactions were evaluated through Isoradiation and Synergy finder 3.0 methods. The combinations of Quercetin (QCT), Folic acid (FA), and Swertiamarin (SWT) with specific reference drugs were studied. The combinations of SWT+GA (Gallic acid) and FA+GA at 1:1 (γ:0.10 & 0.08, respectively) showed the significant synergistic antioxidant effect via ABTS assay. Further, in combination, QCT+SWT showed the maximum synergistic effect (γ: 0.02-0.13) in anti-inflammatory assay. Moreover, the combinations QCT, FA, and SWT with reference drug, Donepezil (DP), illustrated potent synergistic activity as anti-AChE in 1:1 proportion (γ: 0.18). The interaction pattern of phytochemicals significantly exhibited synergism (γ<1) depicting their optimum activity in combinations compared to individual components. Enzyme kinetics evaluation showed the competitive binding of SWT with AChE as of donepezil. All the parameters of ADMET study proposed the QCT and SWT as acceptable oral drug molecules. Computational docking study revealed that QCT and SWT with lowest RMSD (1.096, 2.104) and lowest docking score (-9.831, -7.435kcal/mol) showed maximum binding efficacy. Furthermore, molecular simulation study depicted the stability of protein-ligand complexes. These findings provide novel insight in the development of dietary treatment based on their synergistic effects for neurological disorders as optimum alternative therapeutic agents.

Ashwagandharishta compounds possess affinity interactions against diabetes-linked liver cancer: Implications from network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics simulations

Ashwagandharishta represents the Ayurvedic polyherbal fermented traditional medicine (FTM) and it contains Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. is the principal herb. The present study employs network pharmacology analysis in identifying the single target Vs. multiple interacting partners in establishing the Ashwagandharishta as a potent inhibitory agent. The interacting phytoconstituents were assessed for target protein interaction patterns involved in diabetes-associated liver cancer. By GC-MS, 89 phytocompounds and derivatives of Ashwagandharishta were extracted, and 34 were scrutinized using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). The present seqeuale corresponds to additional curation from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Seventeen phytocompounds and 169 targets were scrutinized for potential links between diabetes and liver cancer. Among the 17 compounds, seven exhibited increased binding affinities with target proteins that are mainly associated with diabetes and liver cancer. The target signaling interactions between diabetes and liver cancer were ascertained using Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. Retusine, stigmasterol, and 6,7-Isoquinolinediol, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl exhibited significant hydrogen bonding interactions and affinity scores when docked with top hub genes. In molecular dynamics simulations, retusine-JUN bound complexes revealed potential stability at 200 ns. MM-GBSA results showed that thermal energy did not impact protein-ligand complex binding free energies, notably in MD simulated complexes, demonstrating strong ligand-protein interactions. The authenticity of bioactive compounds in Ashwagandharishta was analyzed for multiple protein target interactions. Moreover, the rational approach based on computational analyses will aid in concluding the molecular mechanisms backing the proven facts of FTM shortly.

Penerapan Pendekatan Pentahelix Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Terorisme Di Kelurahan Penatoi Kecamatan Mpunda Kota Bima

Terrorism is now a global threat that involves various aspects of life, transcends national borders, and has become a serious international crime. Indonesia, as a developing country, faces significant threats, especially through bomb terror acts in various regions. The terrorism movement is considered a major threat to humanity that needs to be addressed immediately. This study uses a qualitative method with informants including the village government, community leaders, security forces, and residents of Penatoi Village. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the strategic role of the village government in preventing terrorism is realized through the pentahelix approach, involving various elements such as Babinsa, Bhabinkamtibmas, religious leaders, and youth leaders. Efforts such as socialization, education on the dangers of terrorism, and provision of basic necessities have succeeded in changing the pattern of community interaction from exclusive to more open, even 80% of residents exposed to radicalism have re-pledged their loyalty to the Republic of Indonesia. Inhibiting factors for the pentahelix approach include budget constraints, dissatisfaction with government assistance, and the existence of underground movements. However, the support of former terrorist convicts as partners and cooperation between the government and various parties, including BNPT and the police, are significant supporting factors in preventing terrorism.

Toward an analytical model for noticing interaction patterns in creative collaborative mathematical reasoning

ABSTRACT As the field of mathematics education has over many years mapped a terrain over how students benefit from collaborative problem solving (CPS), it has simultaneously raised awareness of the complexity of supporting their collaborative work. To bridge the gap between research and practice, we present ideas for developing an analytical model, the CCMR model – Creative Collaborative Mathematical Reasoning model – developed from classroom-based studies on student pairs’ interaction patterns. This model conceptualizes CPS mechanisms through the lens of students’ actions in relation to one another, providing a practical framework for teachers and teacher educators. The CCMR model emphasizes students’ participation through varying forms of agency (shared, primary, and secondary) and their interaction patterns, categorized as one-directional or bi-directional. These elements serve as a frame for teachers’ noticing of collaborative dynamics, and by noticing, we refer to how teachers attend to, interpret, and shape further productive collaborative dynamics.

Dynamic reorganization of task-related network interactions in post-stroke aphasia recovery.

Post-stroke aphasia is a network disorder characterized by language impairments and aberrant network activation. While patients with post-stroke aphasia recover over time, the dynamics of the underlying changes in the brain remain elusive. Neuroimaging work demonstrated that language recovery is a heterogeneous process, characterized by varying activation levels in several regions of the left-hemispheric language network and the domain-general bilateral multiple-demand network. Crucially, this activation seems to depend on the time elapsed since stroke and the lesion location. Yet, beyond task-related brain activation, the degree and nature of interactions between regions of the language and the multiple-demand network are not well understood. In this longitudinal functional neuroimaging study, we characterized task-related functional interactions between regions of the language and the multiple-demand network during language processing. We hypothesized that interactions between language regions and between language and multiple-demand regions should change over time and depend on lesion location. We compared changes in effective connectivity in patients with left-hemispheric frontal or temporo-parietal stroke (n=17 per group) and healthy controls (n=17) with Dynamic Causal Modelling. All patients repeatedly underwent an auditory sentence comprehension paradigm during functional neuroimaging in the acute (≤ 1 week), subacute (1-2 weeks), and chronic (> 6 months) phases after stroke. We found overall increased task-related connectivity from regions of the multiple-demand to the language network across patients, resembling the principal pattern of task-related interactions in controls. Early facilitation from multiple-demand to language regions correlated with later language improvement across both groups. Crucially, recruitment of specific connections from regions of the multiple-demand to language network depended on lesion location and changed over time. In the chronic phase, patients with frontal stroke showed facilitatory modulation from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while patients with temporo-parietal stroke integrated the supplementary motor area/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Besides this across-network reorganization, facilitatory connectivity between regions of the language network emerged in all patients in the subacute phase. Additionally, patients with frontal stroke showed facilitatory influences from the right lesion homologue to the remaining undamaged left inferior frontal cortex in the acute phase. Collectively, we provide first evidence that functional interactions of regions within and across the language and the multiple-demand network facilitate aphasia recovery. The identified dynamic reorganization principles over the time course of recovery may inform the future use of personalized treatment protocols with neurostimulation in aphasia rehabilitation. These protocols should be tailored to the individual lesion location and recovery phase.

Back to the Past: Social Community Interaction Pattern in Braga Creative Tourism Urban Village

Back to the Past: Social Community Interaction Pattern in Braga Creative Tourism Urban Village

Interaction in a time of crisis: buyer-supplier adaptation in public healthcare

Purpose This paper aims to examine adaptation in buyer–seller relationships in a time of crisis and to explore what consequences adaptation has for the actors involved. The authors are particularly interested in examining how suppliers and public buyers adapt in turbulent situations where public policy opens for interaction in a mode represented by studies in the industrial marketing and purchasing research approach. The COVID-19 pandemic represents such a unique research setting, as it opens up insights into how buyers and suppliers had to adapt in a matter of days in response to rapid and turbulent changes in their business environment. In this paper, the authors seek insights into the following research questions: What role do the actors’ interpretation of the situation play in the adaptation process? How do adaptation processes unfold in a time of national crisis? What are the actor and relationship-specific outcomes from adaptation in such a situation? Design/methodology/approach To answer these questions, the authors present data from an exploratory case study of intra- and interfirm adaptation processes between public buyers and private suppliers in the health-care sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic opened for access to a unique data from personal interviews and secondary data, from public reports and newspaper/media coverage at intervals during the outbreak and at the aftermath of the pandemic. Findings The authors find that the actors’ interpretation of the situation and their motivation to engage in adaptations play an important role in the adaptation processes. In particular, a normative commitment based on a moral duty to contribute to dealing with the turbulent situation of society is found to be a main driver. In these situations, shared sensemaking and alignment of mental models help to mobilise actors, resources and activities into new interaction patterns. At the same time, mutual affective commitment between the buyer and suppliers is not significant over time, thus constraining and eventually terminating the adaptation processes. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of interaction between public buyers and suppliers during turbulent situations. Changes in the adaptation context opens for extensive interaction, thus enabling actors to combine and exploit resources of value, but temporary adaptations do not create long-term effects on the ability to develop buyer–supplier interaction in public markets.

Age-dependent differences in breast tumor microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for efficacy studies in preclinical models.

Immunity suffers a function deficit during aging, and the incidence of cancer is increased in the elderly. However, most cancer models employ young mice, which are poorly representative of adult cancer patients. We have previously reported that Triple-Therapy (TT), involving antigen-presenting-cell activation by vinorelbine and generation of TCF1+-stem-cell-like T cells (scTs) by cyclophosphamide significantly improved anti-PD-1 efficacy in anti-PD1-resistant models like Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), due to T-cell-mediated tumor killing. Here, we describe the effect of TT on TNBC growth and on tumor-microenvironment (TME) of young (6-8w, representative of human puberty) versus adult (12 m, representative of 40y-humans) mice. TT-efficacy was similar in young and adults, as CD8+ scTs were only marginally reduced in adults. However, single-cell analyses revealed major differences in the TME: adults had fewer CD4+ scTs, B-naïve and NK-cells, and more memory-B-cells. Cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAF) with an Extracellular Matrix (ECM) deposition-signature (Matrix-CAFs) were more common in young mice, while pro-inflammatory stromal populations and myofibroblasts were more represented in adults. Matrix-CAFs in adult mice displayed decreased ECM-remodeling abilities, reduced collagen deposition, and a different pattern of interactions with the other cells of the TME. Taken together, our results suggest that age-dependent differences in the TME should be considered when designing preclinical studies.

A Systematic Review of the Literature on Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence From 2012 to 2023

The increasing body of studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) and its’ high prevalence worldwide signify heightened scholarly and societal interest. This is especially pertinent as IPV has recently penetrated broader contexts, including the digital world, and manifested in more diverse and complex forms. Building on Capaldi et al. (2012), this review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of emerging IPV risk factors by reviewing studies published from 2012 to 2023. We systematically reviewed 156 peer-reviewed articles published in English-speaking Western countries, utilizing a dynamic developmental systems perspective. The risk factors of IPV were organized into three domains: (a) contextual and demographic factors, such as age, gender, SES, and community contexts; (b) developmental characteristics, including family risk factors, history of IPV, peer-related factors, school- and work-related factors, psychological and behavioral factors, and cognition; and (c) relational characteristics, including relationship discord, conflict, and interactional patterns. This review expands on Capaldi et al.’s (2012) previous work by adopting more inclusive approaches, examining both perpetration and victimization, including sexual minority participants, incorporating technological forms of IPV, and utilizing comprehensive measures to provide a more thorough understanding of IPV. Furthermore, this review provides recommendations and future directions for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers working to address IPV.