Interactive GIS Research Articles

Optimization of environmental sampling using interactive GIS

An interactive sampling procedure is proposed to optimize environmental risk assessment. Subsequent sampling stages were used as quantitative pre-information. With this pre-information probability maps were made using indicator kriging to direct subsequent sampling. In this way, optimal use of the remaining sampling stages was guaranteed. Interactive sampling was applied to a lead-pollution in the Dutch city of Schoonhoven. Environmental risks were quantified by the probability of exceeding the intervention level. The data and sampling schemes were stored in a GIS. Using six conditional simulations of stochastic fields, interactive sampling schemes were compared to conventional sampling schemes by calculating type I and type II errors. The interactive schemes had much lower type I errors than the conventional schemes, and comparable type II errors. Moreover, the interactive sampling schemes left a smaller fraction of the not-sanitated area polluted than the conventional ones did. They predicted almost 70% of the area correctly, as compared to 55% by conventional schemes.

Interactive GIS for environmental risk assessment: A. Stein, I. Staritsky, J. Bouma & J. W. ban Groenigen, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(5), 1995, pp 509–525

Interactive GIS for environmental risk assessment: A. Stein, I. Staritsky, J. Bouma & J. W. ban Groenigen, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9(5), 1995, pp 509–525

Interactive multimedia and GIS applications for teaching school geography

Project Multimedia Geography is a research and development effort to develop educational courseware for the teaching of secondary school geography by integrating GIS and hypermedia technology. This paper reports on the initial experiences gained through working on this project. The discussion also includes the design criteria, hardware configuration and software integration of the courseware.

Interactive GIS for environmental risk assessment

Abstract Geographical Information Systems can be used for processing spatial data to assess the risks of environmental contamination. Their use depends upon the amount and quality of available data, the models for interpolation and calculation of health risk, data processing procedures and interactivity. In this study, it is shown that interactive use of GIS is important for obtaining physically relevant results. Three forms of interactivity are distinguished: interactivity by means of user interfacing, interactivity requiring additional information outside GIS and interactivity when changing the use of GIS. Three stages in which interaction with GIS are crucial can be distinguished: application of geostatistics, choice of appropriate models, and decision making. This study focuses on three cases in The Netherlands dealing with soil contamination and soil stress analysis and with implications for risk assessment in which interactivity within GIS is analysed. Emphasis is given to contour volumes of polluted soil, to combine GIS with deterministic models and to apply land use scenarios. Finally, there is a discussion of how some forms of interactivity could be replaced by expert systems.