Interactive Display System Research Articles

“Pure Land”: Inhabiting the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang

AbstractThis article examines two exhibition installations that integrate high‐resolution digital archeological datasets (photography and 3D architectural models) with immersive, interactive display systems. These analogous installations, Pure Land: Inside the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang and Pure Land: Augmented Reality Edition, allow visitors to engage in different ways with a full‐scale augmented digital facsimile of Cave 220 from the UNESCO World Heritage site, the Mogao Grottoes, Gansu Province, northwestern China. The peerless treasuries of paintings and sculptures at Dunhuang are extremely vulnerable. Comprehensive digitization has become a primary method of preservation at the site. The digital facsimiles of this cultural paragon can be transformed, providing formative personal experiences for museum visitors. The Pure Land projects contribute to new strategies for rendering cultural content and heritage landscapes. Interpreting these installations through the lens of phenomenology and panoramic immersion helps situate them at the forefront of virtual heritage today.

Interactive Multi-Resolution Display Using a Projector Mounted Mobile Robot in Intelligent Space

In this paper, we propose a novel interactive multi-resolution display system. The proposed system is based on a projector-mounted mobile robot in an Intelligent Space. The Intelligent Space can calculate the location of the region of interest (ROI) by recognizing the user's pointing gesture. The steerable projector mounted on the mobile robot can improve the brightness and resolution of the ROI of a large image projected by a stationary projector installed in the Intelligent Space. In the proposed system, the user is not required to hold any apparatuses for interacting with the display. Additionally, the proposed system is easy to use because it is designed with the natural and intuitive hand movement of user in mind. In the experiments, we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.

High speed image space parallel processing for computer-generated integral imaging system

In an integral imaging display, the computer-generated integral imaging method has been widely used to create the elemental images from a given three-dimensional object data. Long processing time, however, has been problematic especially when the three-dimensional object data set or the number of the elemental lenses are large. In this paper, we propose an image space parallel processing method, which is implemented by using Open Computer Language (OpenCL) for rapid generation of the elemental images sets from large three-dimensional volume data. Using the proposed technique, it is possible to realize a real-time interactive integral imaging display system for 3D volume data constructed from computational tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Choosing and using geospatial displays: Effects of design on performance and metacognition.

Interactive display systems give users flexibility to tailor their visual displays to different tasks and situations. However, in order for such flexibility to be beneficial, users need to understand how to tailor displays to different tasks (to possess "metarepresentational competence"). Recent research suggests that people may desire more complex and realistic displays than are most effective (Smallman & St. John, 2005). In Experiment 1, undergraduate students were tested on a comprehension task with geospatial displays (weather maps) that varied in the number of extraneous variables displayed. Their metacognitive judgments about the relative effectiveness of the displays were also solicited. Extraneous variables slowed response time and increased errors, but participants favored complex maps that looked more realistic about one third of the time. In Experiment 2, the eye fixations of undergraduate students were monitored as they performed the comprehension task. Complex maps that looked more realistic led to more eye fixations on both task-relevant and task-irrelevant regions of the displays. Experiment 3 compared performance of experienced meteorologists and undergraduate students on the comprehension and metacognitive tasks. Meteorologists were as likely as undergraduate students to prefer geographically complex (realistic) displays and more likely than undergraduates to opt for displays that added extraneous weather variables. However, meteorologists were also slower and less accurate with complex than with simple displays. This work highlights the importance of empirically testing principles of visual display design and suggests some limits to metarepresentational competence.

変形するタンジブルスクリーンへの適応的映像投影を行うインタラクティブディスプレイシステム( テーブルトップ・インタラクション)

変形するタンジブルスクリーンへの適応的映像投影を行うインタラクティブディスプレイシステム( テーブルトップ・インタラクション)

58.1: 3D Interactive (3D Touch) Display with Embedded Optical Sensor

AbstractA new 3D interactive display system with embedded optical sensor has been proposed. This study focus on a lighting mode which uses LED light source as a 3D interactive device. Lighting mode is not affected by ambient light from the environment because extra LED is used. Changes of LED light shapes determine LED 3D coordinate in captured images are insufficient when LED position is in inclined direction or has a rotation angle. Therefore, a new algorithm was demonstrated to calculate LED position (X,Y,Z) where inclined angles were from θ=0° ∼ θ=40° and between 1cm∼5cm on 2.83 inch panel. Additionally, unlike the current 3D interactive systems, this paper proposed 3D interactive display can interact as 2D and 3D touch function simultaneously.

Dual Layer LC Panels for Polarization Control to Display Invisible 2D Code

The authors have researched a support system of the reminiscence and life review activity. This support system consists of an interactive tabletop display and interface system. An invisible code is one of the useful technologies. The invisible codes provide us with an operating environment using a pen-like device. However, this technology is applied to the only paper media. The authors think we want to realize an interaction using the invisible code on an electrical media. We propose a method to display invisible codes using LCD panels and to detect a polarized symbol image with a conventional CCD camera.

Naïve Cartography: How Intuitions about Display Configuration Can Hurt Performance

Map-making has traditionally been the domain of professional cartographers, but with the advent of interactive display systems, users now have the flexibility to create and configure their own digital maps and other visual displays. This flexibility can be beneficial only if users have good intuitions about which display configurations are effective or ineffective for different tasks. Here we examine people's intuitions about display effectiveness and whether these intuitions match the actual effectiveness of different displays. Surveys of undergraduate students and post-graduate meteorology students reveal that they consistently prefer enhanced displays, especially those that add animation and realism. These naïve intuitions contrast with the principles of cartography, which emphasize the importance of abstracting from the real world to create simple displays that make task-relevant information salient. Both a review of objective studies and a new study presented here support traditional principles of cartography and are inconsistent with naïve intuitions. We interpret these studies in relation to new theoretical notions of users’ folk fallacies about how perception works, and derive implications for the design of interactive display systems and education.

An entanglement of people-things: Place-Hampi

Drawing upon Interpretive Archaeology, Interpretive Archaeological Systems theory and Symmetrical Archaeology, this discussion examines several philosophical considerations (phenomenology, embodiment, corpothetics and mediation) which form powerful interlocking arguments, whose qualities are prerequisites for building presence and place in virtual heritage landscapes. Through the two interactive display systems (Place and the Advanced Visualization Interactive Environment) a translation of spatial potential is enacted in Place-Hampi where participants are able to transform myths into the drama of a co-evolutionary narrative by their actions within the virtual landscape and through the creation of a virtual heritage embodiment of a real world dynamic.

Is Magnetic Resonance Image Guidance the Key to Opening Chronic Total Occlusions?

Through progressive plaque growth or fibrotic organization of occlusive thrombus, atherosclerosis may result in chronic total occlusion (CTO) of a major arterial conduit. If CTO develops slowly, collateral pathways may supply sufficient perfusion to retain tissue viability despite occlusion of the major inflow conduit. However, such collateral-mediated perfusion rarely matches that provided by an open main conduit, particularly during the peak demand of regional muscular activity. Although strategies to limit regional oxygen demand (eg, β-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris) or to enhance collateral function (eg, a walking program for superficial femoral occlusion, experimental angiogenesis) may be of some benefit, these approaches generally offer less complete return of normal physiology and relief of ischemic symptoms than does direct revascularization of the occluded vessel. With surgical bypass, the nature of the occlusion (its length, duration, tortuosity, calcification) is less important than the presence of a suitable distal anastomotic target. On the other hand, with catheter-based techniques, success depends heavily on these lesion characteristics. In fact, crossing such occluded segments with a guidewire remains the dominant barrier to catheter-based treatments of occluded arterial segments. Once the guidewire has been passed successfully into the distal true lumen, the process of dilating and stenting the segment is usually straightforward and durable, at least with the use of drug-eluting stents in coronary CTOs.1,2 Article p 1101 Devices designed to cross CTOs should have 3 key features: an ability to distinguish a true luminal path from one created within (dissection) or through (perforation) the vessel wall of the occluded segment, an ability to change direction (steer) to correct deviations from the desired path through the occlusion, and an ability to penetrate the frequently fibrotic and focally calcific substance of the occlusion through the use of either mechanical stiffness or an alternative energy modality (laser, …

A radar‐based methodology for preparing a severe thunderstorm climatology in central Alberta

The Radar data Analysis, Processing and Interactive Display (RAPID) system, developed by McGill University researchers, synthesizes spherical coordinate radar data onto Cartesian maps displaying Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI) reflectivity, Vertically Integrated Liquid water content (VIL), and other radar‐based parameters. In this study, Carvel radar (53.34°N, 114.09°W) data from July 2000 were processed using McGill's RAPID software. Specifically, we compared observations of severe convection, as identified by selected radar‐based reflectivity parameters, with surface severe weather reports and atmospheric sounding data. July 2000 was characterized by frequent severe thunderstorm activity over central Alberta; there were seven days with golfball‐sized hail, and two days with confirmed tornadoes. The VIL, upper level VIL (UVIL), and the maximum reflectivity at 7 km (Z7) were employed to quantify the strength and frequency of storms within a 120‐km radial distance of Carvel. For each day, the intensity of the convection was quantified by counting the total number of 1‐km2 pixels in the study area that exceeded the severe thresholds for VIL, UVIL and Z7. The severe thunderstorm algorithms were found to be very effective at correctly identifying the observed severe thunderstorm events. All three radar parameters indicated a diurnal cycle, with severe convection starting after noon and peaking between 16:00 and 18:00 Local Daylight Time. A positive correlation was evident between the observed storm severity and the daily UVIL and Z7 pixel counts. The daily UVIL and Z7 pixel counts were also positively correlated with the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) calculated from proximity soundings.

Time course of perception and decision making during mammographic interpretation.

This article describes the time course of lesion detection on digital mammograms using data about both eye position and decision time to compare performance between experienced mammographers and trainees. Research indicates that a longer decision time works against performance in the interpretation of chest radiographs because the likelihood of error is increased, particularly for trainees. Is this relation between decision time and performance also true for interpreting mammograms? Is there an optimal decision time-performance trade-off for detecting breast lesions? Six radiology trainees (experience, 302-976 cases) and three mammographers (experience, 3000-5000 cases per year) reviewed 40 test cases. Each test case was represented by two mammograms that showed different views of the same breast. Twenty breasts contained suspicious lesions, and 20 were lesion-free. An interactive computer display system with an eye-head tracker measured the timing of decisions, where visual attention was directed, and how much time was spent fixating on a region of interest for each decision. Eye position was monitored during an initial-decision phase, and decision times were measured throughout a final-decision phase during which suspicious lesions recognized initially were interpreted and localized. Performance was analyzed using localization receiver operating characteristic curves. The time course of interpreting mammograms is similar to that for interpreting chest radiographs. Mammographers detected 71% of the true lesions within 25 sec, and trainees detected 46% within 40 sec. Both a fixation dwell time of 1000 msec and a high level of confidence in the decision were associated with the detection of true lesions for the mammographers but not for the trainees. Mammographers detected most breast lesions by global recognition within 25 sec, but trainees took more time. Prolonging one's search beyond the global recognition phase yielded few new lesions and increased the risk of error.

High-Definition Image Mosaicing Using Multiple Resolution Images and Its Interactive Display System

High-Definition Image Mosaicing Using Multiple Resolution Images and Its Interactive Display System

Development and Control Experiments of MR-Fluid Actuator.

Device in human machine interface such as interactive force display system requires not only high power and quick response, but also safety for human. Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are materials that change their rheological behavior by an applied magnetic field. The devices using MR fluids have an ability to provide high torque, low inertia, safe device and simple interface. In this study, we propose the magnetic circuit method to develop an actuator using MR fluid. The magnetic characteristics is analyzed by means of the finite element method. In order to investigate the characteristics of the developed MR fluid actuator, the experiments are examined. Finally, the torque control system is constructed and the response of torque is improved.

Virtual facility layout design: The value of an interactive three-dimensional representation

This paper describes a design environment that has been constructed to evaluate the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies for manufacturing facility design. It is observed that for manufacturing environments where the third dimension is critical to system performance, interactive three-dimensional display systems are better able to convey the information needed by facility designers. We describe several user environment design choices that seem to be appropriate for this type of application. The development of this system has indicated several areas of technological advance that are necessary before the use of VR for facility design becomes widespread.

Repetitive Hidden Surface Removal for Polyhedra

The repetitive hidden-surface-removal problem can be rephrased as the problem of finding the most compact representation of all views of a polyhedral scene that allows efficient on-line retrieval of a single view. We assume that a polyhedral scene in 3-space is given in advance and is preprocessed off-line into a data structure. Afterward, the data structure is accessed repeatedly with viewpoints given on-line and the portions of the polyhedra visible from each viewpoint are produced on-line. This mode of operation is close to that of real interactive display systems. The main difficulty is to preprocess the scene without knowing the query viewpoints. In this paper, we present a novel approach to this problem. Letnbe the total number of edges, vertices and faces of the polyhedral objects and letkbe the number of vertices and edges of the image. The main result of this paper is that, using an off-line data structure of sizemwithn1+ϵ≤m≤n2+ϵ, it is possible to answer on-line hidden-surface-removal queries in timeO(klogn+min{nlogn,kn1+ϵ/m12}), when the scene is composed ofc-oriented polyhedra. This data structure allows dynamic insertion and deletion of polyhedral objects. The polyhedra may intersect and may have cycles in the dominance relation. We also improve worst-case time and storage bounds for the repetitive hidden surface removal problem when the polyhedral scene is composed of unrestricted polyhedra.

Relationship between the inflammatory infiltrate in bronchial biopsy specimens and clinical severity of asthma in patients treated with inhaled steroids.

Current guidelines on the management of asthma advocate the use of anti-inflammatory treatment in all but mild disease. They define disease control in terms of clinical criteria such as lung function and symptoms. However, the relationship between the clinical control of the disease and inflammation of the airways is not clear. A cross sectional study was therefore undertaken to investigate the relationship between airways inflammation and measures of clinical control and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients treated with inhaled steroids. Twenty six atopic adults (19-45 years) with mild to moderate asthma (baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) > or = 50% predicted, concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) 0.02-7.6 mg/ml) on regular treatment with inhaled steroids entered the study. Diary card recordings during the two weeks before a methacholine challenge test and bronchoscopic examination were used to determine peak flow variability, symptom scores, and use of beta 2 agonists. Biopsy specimens were taken by fibreoptic bronchoscopy from the carina of the right lower and middle lobes, and from the main carina. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on cryostat sections with monoclonal antibodies against: eosinophil cationic protein (EG1, EG2), mast cell tryptase (AA1), CD45, CD22, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, and CD45RO. The number of positively stained cells in the lamina propria was counted twice by using an interactive display system. There were no differences in cell numbers between the three sites from which biopsy specimens were taken. The PC20 for methacholine was inversely related to the average number of total leucocytes, EG1+, and EG2+ cells, mast cells, CD8+, and CD45RO+ cells in the lamina propria. These relationships were similar for each of the biopsy sites. Symptom scores, beta 2 agonist usage, FEV1, and peak flow variability were not related to any of the cell counts. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the airways seems to persist in asthmatic outpatients despite regular treatment with inhaled steroids. The number of infiltrating leucocytes such as mast cells, (activated) eosinophils, CD8+, and CD45RO+ cells in bronchial biopsy specimens from these patients appears to be reflected by airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, but not by symptoms or lung function. These findings may have implications for the adjustment of anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with asthma.

Transforming growth factor beta 2 in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome.

To compare the distribution and the amount of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) in labial salivary glands (LSG) in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and healthy controls. LSG from SS patients (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 6) were labelled with peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for TGF beta 2, which was quantitated in image analysis using Video Interactive Display System software. In all LSGs in SS and healthy controls, TGF beta 2 was found in endothelial cells of the capillaries and in the capsular and stromal fibroblasts. In LSGs in SS, TGF beta 2 was also found in some lymphocytes in the inflammatory cell foci and in fibroblasts in fibrotic areas. The TGF beta 2 staining index (microns 2/mm2 tissue) was greater in SS than in control LSGs (3670 (SEM 430) v 2061 (176); p < 0.01), with no difference between the primary and secondary forms of SS (p > 0.05). The localisation and the level of expression of TGF beta 2 indicate its involvement in local tissue fibrosis, and may reflect attempts at immunosuppression.

Interactive comparative display system (ICDS) for analyzing results of environmental modeling

Environmental modeling usually involves large numbers of input and output data, especially when the modeling is on a regional or national scale. Analyzing these data can then become a serious problem in itself. The interactive comparative display system (ICDS) provides a means for helping to overcome this difficulty. Once it has been implemented for a certain model, the menu-driven user-interface makes it very easy to select a subset of data and display them on a color screen. Data are retrieved from a hierarchically structured data base. Display can either be in the form of thematic maps (i.e. colorings of subunits that have a fixed geometry) or in the form of pie or bar charts. By using a screen-layout with twin maps and charts the system makes possible the visual comparative analysis of data, thus mobilizing the excellent human capability of comparing two objects.

Some techniques for visualizing surfaces in four-dimensional space

The issues of visualizing two-dimensional surfaces in four-dimensional space are discussed, including methods to specify the orientation of objects and of projection centres, to determine silhouette points of a 2-surface with respect to projections and to calculate the normal of a projected 2-surface from its normal plane in 4-space. We have implemented an interactive 4D display system on a z-buffer graphics workstation. Preliminary experiments show that such a 4D display system can give valuable insights into high-dimensional geometry. Some examples are presented illustrating nonuniform material property display, offset curve geometry and collision detection.