Interaction Of Actors Research Articles

Political (de)modernization of Russia in the 1990s: turning events and models of conflict dynamics

A set of theoretical models are presented to explain the complex political dynamics in Russia in the 1990s.The parametric model is used to analyze the fluctuations of the political system in a conditional space defined by two axes: the scale of collegial division of power (CDP) and the level of state success. Major turning events as closely related structural changes shift the state of the political system along bothaxes. Political modernization occurs when success and CDP rise, while demodernization is defined as a decline on one or both scales. The contours model combines structure and agency processes and takes into account two contours of political dynamics. In the large - socio-political - contour, turning events affect grassroot structures and processes related to objective conditions of life, subjective moods, and behavioral attitudes of broad groups of the population. In the small contour (interactions of political actors with their rivalry and conflicts) the same turning events change the balance of power of the main players in national politics. The general principles of the dynamics of the CDP, state success in their interrelation, as a result of turning events as a consequence of the interaction of actors in the small loop under the influence of processes in the large loop are formulated. A step-by-step model explaining the natural shift to authoritarianism on the basis of these principles and under special conditions is proposed. Through these models, the mechanisms of conflict dynamics and socio-political processes of the 1990s in Russia are presented, when the processes of political modernization began to be combined with and then replaced by trends of demodernization.

Between Freedom and Order: Evolution logic of urban-rural population mobility Policy from the perspective of historical institutionalism

Urban-rural population flow is the key element and important driving force for urban-rural integration development and rural revitalization. The pattern of urban-rural population flow in China is restricted and guided by policies. From the perspective of historical institutionalism, this paper analyzes the evolution context, structural logic and dynamic mechanism of the change of urban and rural population mobility policy. The urban and rural population mobility policy has gone through five historical stages: the order reconstruction period at the beginning of the founding of New China, the political call period after the Great Leap Forward Movement, the free flow period after the reform and opening up, the period of making the best use of the situation under the economic system reform and the accelerated integration period under the background of the new era. The institutional choice under different paths, the institutional evolution under the key nodes and the institutional continuation under the path dependence constitute the structural logic of the policy change of urban-rural population mobility. The situation coupling under the action of exogenous variables, the value coupling promoted by the change of ideas, and the subject coupling under the interaction of actors’ game constitute the dynamic mechanism of policy change, which promotes the historical change and realistic development of policy.

Navigating the science policy interface: a co-created mind-map to support early career research contributions to policy-relevant evidence

The interface between science and policy is a complex space, in theory and practice, that sees the interaction of various actors and perspectives coming together to enable policy-relevant evidence to support decision-making. Early Career Researchers (ECRs) are increasingly interested in working at the science-policy interface to support evidence-informed policy, with the number of opportunities to do so increasing at national and international levels. However, there are still many challenges limiting ECRs participation, not least how such a complex space can be accessed and navigated. While recommendations for engaging at the science-policy interface already exist, a practical ‘map’ of the science-policy interface landscape which would allow for ECR participation in evidence co-production and synthesis in science-policy is missing. With the purpose of facilitating the engagement of ECRs producing biodiversity and ecosystem services policy-relevant evidence at the interface between science and policy, the authors have co-created a ‘mind-map’—a tool to review the landscape of and leverage access to the science-policy interface. This tool was developed through reviewing published literature, collating personal experiences of the ECR authors, and validating against wider peer perspectives in an ECR workshop during the 7th Plenary of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This co-created tool sees ECR engagement in (co-)producing evidence at the science-policy interface as an interaction of three main factors: the environment of the ECR, which mediates their acts of engagement at the science-policy interface leading to outcomes that will ultimately have a reciprocal impact on the ECR’s environment.

Параметрирование содержания коммуникации в бизнес-дискурсе (на материале русского и английского языков)

The aim of the study is to identify the possibility of parameterization of data and the means of parameterization of the multilevel system of business discourse, based on its inherent models of communication, distributive analysis, contextual translations, stereotypes and realities, units of categorical and axiological semantics, the frame structure, and discourse constraints. The article reviews the representation of parameters in terms of the content of business discourse in a comparative-contrastive aspect. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time, based on the material of the Russian and English languages, it presents a comprehensive structure of business discourse, describes some of its components, and practically creates an algorithm for working with text or information, which allows, according to formal criteria, provided that the parameters are met, to classify the text as business discourse. In the future, it may be possible to create special software that will be able, in addition to analytics for semantics, sentiment, and content, to process texts, including spoken texts, for compliance with a certain type of discourse. Such algorithms in the form of a set of rules, tasks, and parameters can contribute to the automation of business processes, in particular within the framework of business discourse, generate scenarios for the interaction of actors in it, and search for the most favorable course of discourse for intentional purposes. As a result of the study, a multilevel structure of business discourse was recorded, due to its frame nature; the most important parameters of the discourse space were classified. It has been established that under the influence of changing geopolitical conditions, there is a conscious emotional and evaluative rethinking of business processes and phenomena, which causes changes in the speech activity of communicators in the fields of discourse. It has been proved that discourse as a process of linguistic activity is a system and, like any system, can be modeled and parameterized.

From values to actions in agriculture: A web of actors shape Norwegian farmers' enactment of relational values

Abstract A sustainable transition in the agri‐food system holds society‐wide implications. Farmers play central roles in responding to climate change, environmental degradation and sustainable food production. Still, factors underlying how farmers make decisions and manage their farms are often marginalised in efforts to develop policies to tackle these issues. The concept of relational values, defined as preferences, principles and virtues based on human–nature relationships, recently emerged to expand understandings of environmental decision‐making in general and that of farmers specifically. As agricultural landscapes are dynamic and characterised by the interaction of various actors with diverse values and interests, how these interactions influence farmers' decisions remains underexplored. This paper engages with these issues by using qualitative data on Norwegian horticultural farmers' motivations, opportunities and challenges in farming. We find that their relational values (a) are influential in shaping farmers' decisions about farm management and (b) are continually unfolding and embedded within a web of other actors, including grocers, retailers, consumers, farm advisors and policymakers, which shapes farmers' enactment of their relational values. In the context of agriculture, this research underlines the utility of an in‐depth understanding of relational values as embedded in wider social systems to enrich analyses of farmer decision‐making. How farmers' relational values are shaped and realised through interactions with other actors holds important implications for policy and programming to navigate tensions between different interests and actors for sustainable and long‐term change. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Symbolic knowledge innovation through bricolage in the periphery: the Bauhaus movement

Abstract In this article, we examine how symbolic knowledge innovation—that is, the recombination of ideas on aesthetic value in new ways—emerges in the periphery. While symbolic knowledge innovation drives growth, its role in creating new paths in the periphery is largely under-investigated. New path creation has been largely envisaged through macro (e.g., policy) or meso (e.g., industrial R&D) aggregates, overlooking micro-level actors (e.g., individuals), and their agency in mobilizing heterogeneous resources vital for innovation. Viewed in this light, we investigate how the interaction of actors at different levels (macro, meso, and micro) shapes symbolic knowledge innovation in the periphery. We draw on the case of Bauhaus movement to investigate symbolic knowledge innovation in the peripheries of Weimar and Dessau. Our findings illustrate symbolic knowledge innovation at the Bauhaus in terms of three phases, namely, semiotic codes: Bauhaus idea generation and articulation; material basis: development of Bauhaus artefacts; and material basis: Bauhaus commercial success. We further unpack actors’ agency and show how each phase of symbolic knowledge innovation emerges through bricolage. We contribute to the economic geography literature by showing the role of bricolage and actors’ agency in symbolic knowledge innovation for new path creation in the periphery.

The certified sweet potato seed system evolution process: A case of Omoro and Mpigi districts in Uganda

Opportunities for Ugandan farmers to undertake the production of sweet potato have resulted in certified sweet potato seed (CSS) innovations being pursued in recent times. The CSS and farmer-saved vine sources co-exist with the latter still predominant despite the formers’ on-farm superior performance as regards yields, disease reduction and promotions. Information on the evolution process is missing, leading to ambiguous interpretations of its impact on uptake. This study described the evolution stages, emerging delivery structure and actor interactions during the CSS development process in Uganda. A case study design was employed, and data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs), and anchored into actor-network theory (ANT) to generate actor actions and interrelationships. Transcripts were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke. Network analysis was done using UCINET6 V6.759 and a Network visualizer (Net Draw 2.179). Results depicted a six-stage evolution process with most actors having multiple roles, business actors involved at utilization stage only and each stage being triggered by an event. During the process, an integrated CSS system emerged with only 35.6% of the potential direct links between actors being present. The major central actors that had closer interactions with farmers and seed growers were largely public sector, with private sector coming in late. Actors were location-specific with those of Mpigi being many, more interactive (average degree of 7.8) compared to Omoro (average degree of 4.5), and high average path lengths (1.7) implying actors are remotely connected with farmers and vine multipliers being most influential. It is envisaged that the involvement of business actors in product innovation stages and imparting entrepreneurial skills to key farmer groups and vine multipliers will spur the CSS system. Future research into CSS systems should focus on building business ecosystems. Key words: Certified sweet potato seed, Evolution process, Delivery structure, Actor interactions

TECHNOMEDIA AS A SUBJECT OF PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

This article analyzes the origins and significance of the practice of introducing telecommunication tools in the formation of a modern information society. The main focus is on the sociopolitical program of «media realism» and the role of technical innovations in its implementation. The author examines the philosophical concepts of M. Heidegger, B. Latour and M. Delanda, and their contribution to the development of an ontological understanding of the media space. Special attention is paid to identifying the pragmatic and cultural-psychological functions of the means of communication, their role in modern military-strategic discourse. The article emphasizes the militaristic nature of techno-media, revealing the material and technical basis of this sphere, which consists in the intensive interaction of communication actors and their struggle for control over information flows. The purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of techno-media on philosophical discourse and to discover its role in the modern media space. The research used methods of ontological analysis and a comparative historical approach to reveal the fundamental aspects of the relationship between the dynamics of the development of the media space and philosophical theories.

Peran Pemerintah Dalam Mengatur Tataniaga Garam: Dominansi Political Will atau Economic Interest? Sebuah Tinjauan Actor-Network Theory

Conflicting interests among parties involved in the salt commodity trade create challenges. This study employs qualitative methods to investigate the interactions between human and non-human actors. The primary data used in this study was collected through in-depth interviews with relevant parties. Additionally, the triangulation method utilizes secondary data from statistical sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), related Ministries, and regulations issued by related Ministries. The results indicate that the government's efforts to regulate salt trading have primarily focused on regulations and policies related to production, distribution, and imports. However, the government has not been extensively involved in regulating market players, which include salt farmers, landowners, middlemen or trade intermediaries, consumers (including the salt processing industry and salt user industries), and salt importers. According to the perspective of actor-network theory, the government plays a significant role in organizing the interaction of actors in the salt trade. However, the existence of competing interest in the salt trade illustrates that the actors involved have systematically gathered in a network based on their economic interests.

Weaving the Nodes: Actor Relations in Forest Fire Handling

This study aims to identify and describe the actor-network on forest fire handling in South Sumatra in its all three stages. This study collects data through interviews and documents. R Studio is used to analyze and visualize the connection between actors. The results of this study show a formal division of activities among actors in forest fire handling based on Governor decree involving state and non-state actors. However, non-state actors were not involved in every operational activity, especially in the pre-disaster stage. Furthermore, the Head of the Forest and Land Fire Control Section plays an essential role in the pre-disaster stage, the Regional Disaster Management Agency in the emergency stage, while there is no actor interactions in the post-disaster stage. Such situation requires a better actor-network by weaving the nodes to ensure effective coordination considering the role, interaction, and intervention of the actors as well as the nature of inclusiveness through the involvement of all actors, especially that of non-state actors. The limitation of this study is dealing with its focus just on one perspective that is based on the legal framework. Future research is expected to broaden the perspective with empirical and factual research.
 Keywords: forest fire handling, network, social network analysis, south Sumatra

Mobile Payment Innovation Ecosystem and Mechanism: A Case Study of Taiwan’s Servicescapes

This paper examines how businesses in Taiwan’s servicescapes are adapting to the growing trend of mobile payments and innovation ecosystems. Through the analysis of four case studies, we uncover the strategies these firms employ to address the challenges posed by changing consumer payment habits. Our research reveals that these companies are establishing efficient mechanisms within their ecosystems, supported by well-structured organizational frameworks. By leveraging innovation ecosystems, they are reshaping financial services and promoting collaborative growth among participants through technology, platforms, resource sharing, and knowledge exchange. This collaborative approach is driving significant changes in the sector, helping these businesses navigate through various challenges while fostering innovation and growth. Additionally, the scarcity of comprehensive observations of the digital payment ecosystem highlights the necessity for further exploration of actor interactions, regulatory mechanisms, and ecosystem management strategies. Such research efforts are crucial for enhancing our understanding of the evolving landscape of digital payments and innovation ecosystems, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting sustainable development in this dynamic industry.

СУЧАСНИЙ АРХІТЕКТУРНИЙ ПРОЦЕС ТА АКТУАЛЬНІ ЗАВДАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article is devoted to the identification of the features of the modern architectural process and the establishment of actual tasks of architectural activity. Today's society, science, and practice are experiencing phenomena that radically change the approaches and paradigms of the architectural process. The paper highlights the contradictions in the theory and practice of architecture that need to be resolved; considers aspects of the modern ideology of architecture; develops certain provisions of the theory of the environmental approach, namely, the features of "understanding" design, the communicative component of architectural activity; emphasizes the interaction of various actors in the process of architectural activity, the dialogue of the architect with stakeholders. The author emphasizes the decisive role of the architect as an organizer and coordinator of the design process, the interpretation of the architectural process as a component of the overall socio-cultural process. The biggest shifts are taking place in the field of the environmental approach to architectural activity. Environmental issues, which bring people and their lifestyles to the forefront, give impetus to the development of architectural management and marketing. These changes in priorities have led to a problematic situation in the theory of architecture and opened up a new space of work: the identification and recording of environmental experiences and images, the production of these experiences and the management of this process. The environmental approach outlines the future trajectories of architectural work, the essence of which is the inclusion of the designer in the life of the population, the materialization of their own version of life processes, the identification of a set of specialized activities that support the ideology of social progress and cultural development. Scientific research and architectural practice should be based on the achievements of the philosophy of architecture, understanding of new value orientations, taking into account the differences and pace of social change, etc. There is a need to recognize the importance of such a factor as the subject of the architectural process. Changing the basic guidelines of the consumer of an architectural object requires ensuring at the design stage the possibility of transforming an architectural object in the process of its further operation, predicting the emergence of new functions and the formation of their new material shell. The article outlines the contours of scientific innovations in the field of architecture - the theory of architectural activity in the conditions of intersubjective interaction; suggests forms of correct introduction of the concept of "design subject", which is active in the architectural environment, into design practice and theory of architectural activity.

Experience of Some Countries of The Commonwealth of Nations in Ensuring Criminological Protection of Justice

The article describes the experience of Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand in the field of criminological protection of justice. A combination of philosophical, general scientific and specific scientific research methods was used in the preparation of this article to find out which special actors are authorized to carry out such criminological activities, to analyze the powers and guarantees for their exercise to fulfill their tasks. The article reveals the peculiarities of interaction of special actors of ensuring the security of justice with other actors in the system of combating offenses and crimes against justice. The author emphasizes the role of the sheriff, police, and private security companies in ensuring security during the judicial process. The experience of these Commonwealth countries in identifying and counteracting possible threats to the security of justice is analyzed. The purpose of this work was to single out positive foreign experience that may be promising for implementation into the national legislation with the aim of improving activities of the Court Security Service, which is a special subject performing implementation of the function of criminological protection of justice in Ukraine. In particular, firstly, to find out which special entities are authorized to carry out the specified criminological function in certain countries of the British Commonwealth and what powers they have; secondly, what other law enforcement agencies are involved in the mechanism of ensuring criminological protection of justice and what are the features of their interaction with special subjects; thirdly, what measures they take to detect and counter possible threats to the security of justice.

CONNECTING EMBEDDED HISTORY OF THE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE TO THE CONTEMPORARY CITY: A CASE STUDY OF GWANGHWAMUN WOLDAE RESTORATION

Abstract. The captured 3D digital record of the excavation site represents a momentary state of the city, but also conveys rich evidence and stories as an urban environment created by the interaction of actors, artifacts, and institutions surrounding the place. These digital records combine multiple temporal layers of complex urban scenes and require interpretation by multiple stakeholders for comprehensive decision-making. This study revealed that in the context of Seoul, the Cultural Heritage Administration and the City of Seoul have made significant use of digital records in cultural heritage restoration from the perspective of preservation and utilization. The two organizations collaborated on the Gwanghwamun Woldae excavation survey recently. The site has been dealing with the multi-layered time and space of complex urban sites for over 40 years while carrying out urban planning and cultural heritage preservation. Through a case study of the Gwanghwamun Woldae excavation site, we articulate the nature of governance in digital documentation to extend its application. The goal is to highlight the urban cross-section and historical layers of urban infrastructure captured digitally - LiDAR and photogrammetric scanning - at the Gwanghwamun Woldae excavation site. This involves describing the chronological layers of tram lines, streets and buildings from different eras and linking them to the current urban context of Seoul through analog historical records such as maps and plan diagrams. Ultimately, we discuss the value of digital restoration of technologies, events and landscapes as a record of the process valuing modern urban heritage.

Graphanalytical Models of Actor Interaction

The article summarized and upgraded the research material dealing with agent modeling of entity behavior in active (man to man) viable systems. Aspects of emotional and behavior counterpart responses were studied in modeled social and economic processes of production contract implementation. The authors took into account the impact of dominating psycho-sociological styles of actor behavior included in the hierarchy of production interaction in case of asymmetric information and schemes of classical opportunism. The essence and location of psychological contracts in the process of concluding and implementing labour contracts were specified. 3D models of ‘principal – agent’ and ‘principal-manager-agent’ interactions were built with due regard to emotional responses and motivating decisions of process participants. The authors present the model, which can interpret actor interactions in the form of replacing each other chains of emotions and steps, which in case of graphic presentation of the process will be located in sequence on both sides of the Mebius loop analogues. The benefits of using KL-models and KM- and OK-functions in modeling emotional actor reaction in response to counterpart behavior were demonstrated. To provide better clearness necessary illustrations, schemes and graphs of two- and three-actor interactions were supplied. The provided schemes of iteractive processes of dynamic actor interactions allowed the authors to develop and effectively use software of modeling the emotional tone of hierarchical relations of entities in researching models of viable organization functioning. The developed mathematic tools got a certificate of state registration of computer databases and programs.

The decoupling relationship between land use efficiency and carbon emissions in China: An analysis using the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) framework

The Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) framework provides a comprehensive approach to studying the decoupling of land use efficiency (LUE) and carbon emissions (CEs), thereby supporting the transition towards low-carbon land use from a holistic social-ecological perspective. In this study, we utilized the SES framework to examine the decoupling patterns of LUE and CEs across different land use categories (agricultural, industrial, commercial, and ecological land) in 285 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2019. We found that: (1) The decoupling relationships between LUE and CEs varied across different land categories, influenced by input/output values as well as social, economic, and regulatory factors. (2) During the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011–2015), significant decoupling between agricultural, industrial, commercial, and ecological LUEs and CEs was observed in 170 (59%), 119 (42%), 117 (41%), and 139 (49%) cities, respectively. (3) From a long-term perspective (2010–2019), all types of LUE and CEs that were initially absent in geographic agglomeration showed improvement and achieved decoupling. (4) The initial set of low-carbon pilot cities that aimed to reduce CEs showed the most success, but this advantage faded with time. Our research delves into the interactions of actors with land resources and their implications for CEs within the SES framework. Through exploring the decoupling of LUE and CEs, we provide valuable insights for actors to make strategic adjustments, enhancing societal resilience and promoting harmonious development between humans and nature in the social-ecological system.

EDIT: A data inspection tool for smart contracts temporal behavior modeling and prediction

Modeling and predicting the behavior of nodes and users in blockchains provide opportunities for business strategy optimization. Indeed, the number of interactions of a node is strictly related to its balance and its prediction may be used for analytics purposes and investment strategies. However, the amount and diversity of information stored on the blockchain demand advanced tools for the modeling and analysis of blockchain data. Such tools should be able to capture the dynamicity and interaction of multiple independent actors, considering a large number of variables and dynamic interaction graph topologies. This is exacerbated by the use of smart contracts, programs stored in blockchain blocks that bring automation to blockchain’s operations and thus increasing the variability of the resulting interaction graphs. Existing modeling methodologies are unable to keep track of all these details, as they are not able to capture the temporal variability of the network.In this paper, we propose a novel framework for modeling and predicting the behavior of smart contracts on a blockchain. We propose the concept of temporal smart contracts networks, i.e., graphs representing the temporal evolution of interactions and data flow. Our framework allows the creation of temporal smart contract networks with different granularity levels by considering different interaction patterns between smart contracts, externally owned accounts, and internal transactions. Thanks to these graphs, we are able to model features such as the node in degree and amount of ether received by a smart contract, which are directly related to its behavior. We incorporate our modeling approach in Ethereum Data Inspection Tool (EDIT), a novel tool able to model interactions and predict them based on historical data. We test different machine learning models to predict features extracted by EDIT, hence allowing for the prediction of the overall behavior of the smart contract. We test EDIT on the Ethereum blockchain and model several temporal smart contracts networks, which represent the interactions and the data flow resulting from about 4 000 000 consecutive blocks. The evaluation of different real case studies shows that the proposed framework is able to predict, with a mean absolute error close to 1%, the evolution of several interesting properties (e.g., amount of received ether) related to both accounts and smart contracts.

Home field advantage: examining incumbency reorientation dynamics in low-carbon transitions

Recent work has offered a more nuanced view of incumbent actors' roles in transitions, yet a comprehensive understanding of how reorientation activities and subsequent interaction patterns among different incumbent actor types shape the direction of system reconfigurations remains underexplored. This paper proposes a framework for empirically assessing actors' relational dynamics in response to low-carbon transitions and conceptualises actor interaction types and the nature of their interaction. Through a case study of the low-carbon transition of road freight transport in Sweden, we examine how reorientation dynamics, e.g., coalitions, competition, and contestations, can facilitate and hinder system reconfigurations by creating regime tensions. Our study highlights that incumbency reorientations are multi-dimensional, with actor involvement and strategies varying, leading to divergent actor positions and role constellations as actors attempt to reconfigure the focal regime. Extending beyond the Swedish case, five avenues for future research are outlined.

Mobilising a shared service centre in a power-dominant context: an actor-network analysis in a Chinese state-owned enterprise

Purpose This paper aims to explore how a shared service centre (SSC) is mobilised in a power-dominant context of a Chinese state-owned enterprise (SOE). Specifically, it examines the mobilisation of SSC within this multi-divisional SOE, the role and dynamics of actors involved and the influence of changes in the integrated information system (IIS) during the mobilisation process. Design/methodology/approach The study follows a qualitative case study methodology. The authors draw on actor-network theory to examine the network and translation processes constructed in mobilising SSC in the chosen SOE. The data sources of this study were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary reviews. Findings The mobilisation of SSC is not a linear process but rather a “spiral” interplay through continuous interactions and compromises between human and non-human actors. Power gave the core actor as an orchestrator legitimacy and formality to reduce resistance and obstruction in translation for the mobilisation of SSC. The changes in IIS appear to facilitate the interaction between the heterogeneous actors. Practical implications This case study contributes towards understanding the mobilisation of SSC in a power-dominant context by highlighting the impact of changes in IIS and the details of the mobilisation of SSC in terms of the role played by both the individual actors and the technology. Originality/value This study provides a broader understanding of the interactions of the heterogeneous actors for mobilising SSC in a power-dominant context. More importantly, the study inspires future research into examining how SSC practices unfold and how the changes in IIS influence the mobilisation of SSC.

Mothers as nation-building agents in Kazakhstan: the effect of neoliberalism

With one-third of the population being children, Kazakhstan is a young state that now has a life-turning moment. High share of children may be both a curse and an opportunity for the country to strive and flourish, and it depends highly on the interaction of the many actors that influence development of children. In Kazakhstan, traditional perception of gender roles in family led to the disbalanced and increased role of mothers in raising children, and, thus, making them the primary and the main agents of national code and values transmission. Simultaneously, global neoliberalization of all spheres of life led to the responsibilization of mothers not only for moral upbringing, but also for most of strategically important decisions that shape their future lives. Eventually, it is mothers who create and define the new citizens. In my study, I focused on 3 generations of mothers in 3 families to see the transforming perceptions of their role in nation-building processes, what values they believe necessary for developing in their children, how neoliberalism affected their engagement in the children’s lives, and whether social class has an influence on nation-building in Kazakhstan. The results showed that the perception of a mother’s role is changing through generations, and now raising children is considered totally a private matter. Mothers of the last generation are primary and only decision-makers about their kids – sometimes sharing this only with their husband. This may be beneficial for government in short terms, because such mothers don’t expect any support from state, but in the long run this may lead to the decreased sense of belonging to a country in their children.