Interaction Of Actors Research Articles

The Interaction of Substate Actors with the Global Public:

This article aims to explain the external persuasive actions of the Aceh Provincial Government in maintaining its Islamic identity through “The Light of Aceh” branding towards the global community. This action is referred to as paradiplomacy. As one of the subnational actors in Indonesia, Aceh Province is an area that has social and political dynamics from before independence to the present. Aceh has a distinctive identity and culture known as Serambi Mekah. Because of its efforts to maintain this identity, Aceh once fought for independence from Indonesia. Aceh's paradiplomacy certainly has different dynamics. However, the effort to maintain its identity has been a struggle from the past to the present. In the independence era, Aceh tried to fight for its identity with the struggle for independence, but in the post-independence era, Aceh fought for its regional interests through the framework of Regional Autonomy by establishing foreign relations and diplomacy to the global community. This research uses the theories of paradiplomacy and social identity to explain the persuasive actions taken by the Aceh Provincial Government through paradiplomacy to maintain its social identity. This research uses a qualitative method with data collection from interviews with relevant informants, documentation studies and internet-based studies. The results of this research show that the Aceh Provincial Government's paradiplomacy efforts to maintain its Islamic identity are carried out through branding “The Light of Aceh” by incorporating Islamic values in various components of the branding such as the main values of branding, logo philosophy, and branding commercial advertising videos. These values are socialised to the global community through various international activities by showcasing culture in dances, poems of clothing at international festivals, so that Aceh is better known by the global community with its Islamic identity.

Under the iceberg of “one-stop”: explore multi-actor engagement in one-stop digital cultural platforms through actor-network and commons theories

PurposeThis study investigates the roles and interactions of various actors of one-stop digital culture platforms (ODCPs) by applying actor-network theory (ANT).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from focus group interviews with 19 participants and over 20 policy texts related to the digitization of cultural services in China. Utilizing ANT as the analytical framework, we employed the grounded theory to analyze the dataset.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that: (1) governments, cultural institutions, enterprises and users each play dual roles, contributing to the functionality and development of ODCPs; (2) introduces the theory of commons to reconceptualize ODCPs as commons, highlighting the need for collective management and shared responsibility in the governance of ODCPs.Originality/valueThis study identifies and elaborates on the different roles of stakeholders and addresses conceptual ambiguities within ODCP projects. By introducing the theory of commons into the governance of ODCPs, this research provides new theoretical guidance for decision-makers and practitioners involved in ODCP projects.

Is home where the heart is? Investigating the relationship between hometown and entrepreneurship

ABSTRACT The importance of home and hometown for entrepreneurs has significant implications for entrepreneurial identities, venture success, and broader contextual dynamics. Traditionally, the concept of home in entrepreneurship literature is viewed instrumentally, largely focusing on the unit of dwelling (i.e. premises/house/apartment), the implications of location choices, and their effects on performance. We employ a mobilities lens, broadening the concept of home to the city/town scale of ‘hometown’, offering a more holistic understanding of what it means for entrepreneurs from various origins and returns. Our qualitative case study in Norwich, UK, provides nuanced theoretical advancements into understanding home beyond materiality and mere location, highlighting how this is inextricably linked to dynamic renewal within peripheral urban places and different migration pathways (i.e. local, migrant, returnee). Our contributions are threefold: 1) we reveal that varying degrees of localness complicate the local versus non-local binary, impacting entrepreneurial dynamics; 2) our relational model of hometown entrepreneurship challenges the rigid leave-learn-return narrative, demonstrating return migration as a complex detach-experience-revalue socio-cultural reconnection which feeds into the local entrepreneurial ecosystem; 3) exploring the interactions of diverse actors in peripheral urban hometowns provides insights into regional development moving us beyond instrumental views in existing literature.

Information and Service Support of the Mechanism of Industry Functioning in the Single Digital Space

The functioning of industry in the context of the creation and development of a single digital space of the Russian economy requires the development of an appropriate mechanism, in which information and service support for the digitalization of business processes of industrial enterprises should play a key role. The purpose of this study is to build a model of the mechanism for the functioning of an industrial enterprise in a single digital space (hereinafter referred to as the SDS) as well as to characterize the information and service support for the control and governing functions of this mechanism. The categorical apparatus of the digital economy and digital technologies, methods of classification, comparative analysis, functional and systemic approaches were used as the methodological basis of the study. The results of the work were the construction of a conceptual model of the mechanism of functioning of an industrial enterprise in a single digital space, based on the principle of optimality and capable of adapting to the needs of a particular industrial enterprise, as well as the identification of the basic functions of the management activity of an industrial enterprise in the single digital space, and the characteristics of the information and service support mechanism, which is digital services (technologies) that ensure management activities and interaction of actors of the business ecosystem in the single digital space. The conclusions drawn from the results of the study can be applied in practice by the management of companies when developing their own mechanism and strategy for digitalizing business processes in order to increase the efficiency of functioning in the single digital space industry.

Human-Data Interaction as a critical enabler of Electronic Performance Monitoring at construction sites

Human-Data Interaction (HDI) revolves around how humans generate, process, and utilise data. HDI plays a crucial role in evaluating data collection and use in the context of the construction industry, considering the impact on stakeholders such as site managers and labourers. One significant application of HDI is in on-site Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM), which aims to leverage workplace innovations to enhance productivity, safety, and health. However, the integration and implications of HDI and EPM lack comprehensive understanding. This research seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by presenting a human-data perspective on sensored construction sites, emphasising the challenges and opportunities for driving innovative EPM initiatives. Through a combination of literature review, surveys with HDI experts, and the authors' perspectives and abduction, conceptual frameworks are developed that cluster HDI and EPM. The study's implications are multifaceted, impacting both theoretical understanding and practical applications. The findings highlight the key actors and the data they generate and manipulate across different platforms during EPM deployment. Through the lens of explanatory theories, sociomateriality, and work sociology, the research contributes to understanding the fragmented nature of HDI and EPM as a managerial issue embedded in the work environment. It sheds light on the interactions of actors using digital EPM devices and relevant data streams influenced by the limited agency of specific stakeholders, such as labourers, and the potential neglect of factors related to their well-being. This research distinguishes itself by focusing on the less explored intersection of HDI and EPM in the construction industry. It offers a novel perspective by considering the sensored environment of construction sites as a venue for analysing human-data interactions.

A localised perspective in educational policy studies: understanding actor interaction in a Hong Kong school through mohap

ABSTRACT Asia as Method, in decolonial thinking, endorses the value of local knowledge while concurrently recognizing colonial and global knowledges’ ongoing influence and potential value in knowledge production. The author takes such a decolonial approach to examine how actors interact in translating the Fine-tuning Medium of Instruction Policy in a Hong Kong school. To grasp the nuances of actor interaction, the Cantonese term mohap (wearing in) is employed. Three concepts from distinct traditions are used to explain mohap: meritocracy, harmony and agency. This study examines actors’ mohap process through three stages: How actors perceive the government guidelines, form the school-based policy, and develop the school-based policy. The findings show that actors’ mohap in the local context entails the meritocracy ideology, sought-after harmony, and actor agency. It reveals the need and the potential of localised approaches to educational policy studies in the Global South.

Rethinking the Social Determination of Food in Chile Through Practices and Interactions of Actors in Food Environments: Nonexperimental, Cross-Sectional Study.

Food environments are crucial for promoting healthy and sustainable eating and preventing obesity. However, existing food environment frameworks assume an already installed causality and do not explain how associations in food environments are established or articulated, especially from an integrative and transdisciplinary approach. This research attempts to bridge these gaps through the use of Actor-Network Theory, which traces the relationship network between human (and nonhuman) actors in order to describe how these interact and what agencies (direct or remote) are involved. This study aims to explain the practices and interactions of actors in food environments in order to approach the problem of unhealthy eating with a transdisciplinary approach. This is a nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. Due to the complexity of the study phenomena, a mixed methods approach with 4 consecutive phases will be developed in Chile. Phase 1 involves a systematic literature review of food environment evidence since 2015, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol; phase 2 involves the application of a shortened version of the Nutrition Environment Measure Scale-Perceptions adapted to Chile (NEMS-P-Ch) in 2 neighborhoods with different socioeconomic levels; in phase 3, six focus groups in each neighborhood will be conducted to address social determinants such as gender, employment status, and migration; and in phase 4, participant observation and in-depth interviews will be used to analyze the direct and empirical exploration of the actors in their daily interaction with food environments. The triangulation and complementarity of the data will allow us to create a practical model about the practices and interactions of actors in their food environments, which reflects the complexity and transdisciplinary nature of the study. We have advanced in phases 1-3 of the study. In phase 1, a total of 109 manuscripts are being revised for data extraction. In phase 2, we applied the NEMS-P-Ch to 785 people, 49.4% (388/785) of whom belong to a low socioeconomic neighborhood. Participants from phase 2 are being contacted to participate in the focus groups (phase 3). By the end of July, we have conducted 6 focus groups with 5-11 participants. This study will provide a comprehensive understanding of how individuals interact with their food environments, offering deep insights into the factors influencing their food-related decisions. In addition, the study aims to develop a model that more accurately reflects reality by examining not only the food environments themselves but also the interactions among various stakeholders within these environments and their daily practices. The findings of this study will offer evidence-based insights to inform public policies tailored to the specific territories and communities under investigation or those with similar characteristics. DERR1-10.2196/62765.

Intimate Language in Traditional Markets: Challenging Public Space Norms through Kristeva’s Intertextuality

The use of intimate language in public spaces is a phenomenon that emerges in the interactions of economic actors in traditional markets. Therefore, language intimacy deconstructs social norms that should not be displayed in public spaces. However, language intimacy has emerged in traditional markets for a long time in the interactions of economic actors, including sellers, buyers, porters, parking attendants, and the social gathering community. This research explores how intimate language is articulated in an economic space closely related to the ethnic identity of economic actors in traditional markets in the Jember region. The ethnic diversity in question includes Javanese, Madurese, Chinese/Chinese, and Arab. This phenomenon was researched qualitatively using a post-structuralist approach and applying Julia Kristeva's theory of intertextuality. Data analysis uses two Kristeva concepts, namely intertextuality and suprasegmental. The data is processed by looking at the text production process originating inside and outside the text. The research results show that the intimacy of language, usually used in the private sphere, has succeeded in breaking down the rigidity of language in the public sphere, besides dissolving social relations between economic actors with various ethnicities and social classes. Thus, the use of greetings in intimate language closely related to ethnic identity is experiencing development and merging with the space of familiarity and closeness built by economic actors in traditional markets.

MLP-AIR: An effective MLP-based module for actor interaction relation learning in group activity recognition

Modeling actor interaction relations is crucial for group activity recognition. Previous approaches often adopt a fixed paradigm that involves calculating an affinity matrix to model these interaction relations, yielding significant performance. On the one hand, the affinity matrix introduces an inductive bias that actor interaction relations should be dynamically computed based on the input actor features. On the other hand, MLPs with static parameterization, in which parameters are fixed after training, can represent arbitrary functions. Therefore, it is an open question whether inductive bias is necessary for modeling actor interaction relations. To explore the impact of this inductive bias, we propose an affinity matrix-free paradigm that directly uses the MLP with static parameterization to model actor interaction relations. We term this approach MLP-AIR. This paradigm overcomes the limitations of the inductive bias and enhances the capture of implicit actor interaction relations. Specifically, MLP-AIR consists of two sub-modules: the MLP-based Interaction relation modeling module (MLP-I) and the MLP-based Relation refining module (MLP-R). MLP-I is used to model the spatial–temporal interaction relations by emphasizing cross-actor and cross-frame feature learning. Meanwhile, MLP-R is used to refine the relation between different channels of each relation feature, thereby enhancing the expression ability of the features. MLP-AIR is a plug-and-play module. To evaluate our module, we applied MLP-AIR to replicate three representative methods. We conducted extensive experiments on two widely used benchmarks—the Volleyball and Collective Activity datasets. The experiments demonstrate that MLP-AIR achieves favorable results. The code is available at https://github.com/Xuguoliang12/MLP-AIR.

СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧКИТЕ АСПЕКТИ НА ЈАЗИЧНАТА КУЛТУРА

This paper aims to consider the problem of the influence of the Internet, especially social networks on users, their development and sociolinguistic aspects and points of view from the point of view of language culture. The influence of the Internet on the language (in this case, the Macedonian language) will be considered, as well as the consequences of that influence on the cognitive and academic development of future generations who live with the Internet for most of the day. Through the sociolinguistic approach, it will be possible to perceive many aspects in the structure, acquisition and use of language, including language teaching. The popularity of this discipline is quite developed, especially in universities, which is why its structure includes language teaching considered from several aspects: the traditional approach, discussions, mother tongue, consideration and principles in language teaching, etc. We will consider the pedagogical relevance of sociolinguistics from two perspectives: external and internal. Through an external perspective we will cover the philological context of the language and the influence of the internet, and with the internal perspective we will express the marked linguistic structure and the use of language as a communication system shaped by the interaction of different social actors.

Complicating “community” engagement: Reckoning with an elusive concept in climate-related planned relocation

As planned relocation becomes an increasingly utilized climate adaptation strategy, guidance for effective practice consistently emphasizes the importance of “community” engagement throughout relocation planning, decision-making, and implementation. Yet “community” is not a monolith operating in consensus, where engagement is achieved simply through the interaction of internal and external actors. To move beyond this binary paradigm where community engagement is a box to be checked, we offer a conceptual framework with three key questions for consideration for those operationalizing community engagement strategies in relocation policy and practice. 1) Who constitutes the community in planned relocation? 2) Who facilitates planned relocation? 3) What is meaningful community engagement? As part of this framework, we introduce the overlooked role of actors bridging community and facilitation worlds, here called intermediaries, and how they can enhance or hinder meaningful engagement. Finally, we explore novel approaches for researchers and practitioners to advance context-specific engagement before, during, and after climate-related relocation processes to promote genuine self-determination among those relocating.

Pakistan's national COVID-19 response: lessons from an emergent response to the pandemic.

In 2020, Pakistan faced the formidable challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic with an existing yet disjointed healthcare infrastructure, that included by over 18,000 public and an estimated 75,000 private health facilities and some elements of an epidemic surveillance and response system. This descriptive study examines how Pakistan developed a COVID-19 response, driven by establishing a central coordination and decision-making mechanism to overcome these systemic challenges. The study is based on interviews and interactions of the many actors in the response by the authors, who also participated in nearly all proceedings of the National Command and Operation Centre (NCOC) and many of the National Coordination Committee (NCC). This information is supplemented by reviewing documents, reports, news items, media and social media, and journal articles. The study highlights the critical role of political arrangement, where the NCC, comprising of ministers, bureaucrats, and military personnel, facilitated federal and provincial integration. The NCC found resources and set policy. Its direction was implemented by the NCOC, a top-down yet inclusive platform, integrated political, military, and civil society actors, to ensure cohesive decision-making and implementation. It provided technical guidance, harnessed data for strategic decisions and held implementers accountable. At its peak, the NCOC boasted nearly 300 personnel, including high-ranking military officers, a stark contrast to the limited staffing in most ministries. In addition, the response's success is attributed to the perception of COVID-19 as an existential threat, leading to unprecedented collaboration and decisive actions that were enforced authoritatively. Pakistan's experience offers valuable insights for proactive management of health emergencies in resource-limited settings. It underscores the necessity for inter-sectoral dialog and data-driven policy implementation, especially in the context of political economies where activity-driven governance often overshadows objective-driven policy execution. However, the lessons from the COVID-19 response, including a blueprint for future epidemic responses and lessons for use of data and evidence in developing country health systems, if not institutionalized, risk being lost in the post-pandemic era.

How do engineering suppliers create project value for buyers? A micro-foundational perspective

PurposeValue creation in engineering projects has received considerable research attention. However, buyers’ expectations regarding project value do not always translate into the actions of project team members (actors). Drawing upon resource orchestration theory to explore the micro-foundations of project value creation (PVC), we investigate how suppliers organize project team members to create project value that meets buyers’ expectations.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted two instructive engineering projects as comparative cases to analyze patterns in actor interactions in PVC.FindingsThe results reveal “social interaction-based value creation” and “structural interaction-based value creation,” which explain the PVC process from the collective-level buyer’s expectations and supplier’s value orientation, to individual-level actor interactions (mobilizing, connecting, and networking), knowledge orchestration activities (structuring, bundling, and leveraging), and finally the value creation process (identifying, configuring, and generating) in project teams to generate collective-level project benefits and values.Originality/valueWe propose a macro-approach to micro-foundations, with a focus on the buyer-expected PVC process on the supplier side. Furthermore, we explain how suppliers organize individual actions and orchestrate the individual knowledge through two patterns of individual-level actor interactions for collective-level PVC.

The varying levels of contrasting adaptation in Central Asia’s climate change politics

ABSTRACT Central Asia is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. There is, however, a lack of research on how local businesses, political elites and the general public perceive the need for comprehensive greening initiatives to address its consequences. To account for the material and ideational factors influencing clean energy transition in Central Asian petrostates, I offer an alternative analytic framework that I call ‘contrasting adaptation’. I argue that the energy transition has resulted in two contradictory responses at multiple levels of political governance: a formal response that is broadly supportive of new ‘green’ identities and policies, and an informal response that seeks to delay plans to decarbonize local business models and continues to prioritize ‘old’ oil and gas activities through new transnational networks. Drawing on a model of actor interactions at different levels of climate governance, I examine ‘contrasting adaptation’ – its constituent policies and discourse – to provide a better theorized framework for understanding climate politics in Central Asia. I use comparative analysis of the climate policies of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the two Central Asian petrostates that pledged to carbon neutrality, informed by documentary and textual sources, and discourse analysis.

Dynamic interaction in sustainable energy: Learning from South Sumatra in transforming conflict into collaboration to accelerate energy mix targets

Abstract Energy transition is an alternative solution that emerged as an effort to achieve zero net emissions. The countries that signed the Paris Agreement are expected to reach their targets by 2030. Indonesia targets this agreement by performing the energy mix set at 25% nationally. Many provinces have difficulties achieving its implementation due to conflicts between related stakeholders, including industry. However, some provinces have shown promising transition changes with accelerated target achievement. This research aims to identify how the government of South Sumatra can reach beyond the National Target by turning the conflict into a collaboration between government and industry. The collaboration impacts accelerating the achievement of the energy mix target. A multi-layered approach was used to analyze the dynamics of the energy transition by demonstrating the energy transition process in Indonesia using Actor Interaction analysis, Dilemma analysis, and System Analysis. Therefore, the bottom-up approach chosen, systematically uncovering actor interactions within and across systems. Interviews were carried out for data collection. The results of the interviews were identified until a series of methods emerged that were used to identify the collaboration that occurred. The analysis found that local governments encounter dilemmatic situations to balance a smooth energy transition process and ensure stable socioeconomic conditions. The system dynamic simulation has proven to be a vital addition to Drama Theory and Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, offering a temporal perspective that is fundamental for the decision-making process that concerns the ever-changing environmental situation.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ НАПРЯМКИ ПІДТРИМКИ БРЕНДУ АГРАРНИХ РЕГІОНІВ НІМЕЧЧИНИ ІНСТРУМЕНТАМИ ПАРТНЕРСЬКОЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

In the modern conditions of transformation and European integration of the domestic agricultural sphere, the marketing mechanism occupies an important place, which actualizes further research into the branding of agricultural regions and the study of the experience of European countries. Germany, as the most stable European economy, demonstrates the successful practices of its regions in territorial and agrarian marketing, in the creation and promotion of regional brands, local trademarks for agricultural, processing and tourist products and services, therefore its experience is undoubtedly useful for Ukrainian agrarian regions. The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic directions of supporting the brand of agricultural regions of Germany with the tools of the partnership concept of territorial marketing and the possibility of their use in Ukraine. The object of the research is marketing tools to support the brand of agrarian regions. The methods used in the research are the case study method, the method of comparison and grouping, the methods of analysis and synthesis, detailing and generalization, etc. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the agricultural regions of Germany have sufficiently successful cases of application of tools of the partnership concept of territorial marketing, which can be adapted to domestic practice. Presenting main material. The article presents the author's understanding of territorial marketing, focusing on the problems of agricultural regions, which can be solved with the help of marketing tools of the partnership concept of marketing. The experience of using territorial marketing tools is considered on the example of Germany, whose agrarian regions successfully develop and implement marketing programs, create, promote and systematically support regional brands, local trademarks. Special attention is paid to the regional marketing programs and marketing initiatives of the state of Bavaria, which guarantee consumers compliance with the declared properties of the product, its level of quality and origin. Generalized marketing tools that contain data programs and initiatives to support the brands of agricultural regions. A separate case presents the umbrella agrobrand Spreewald, which was created to identify products from the Spreewald region based on the criteria of origin, place of production and quality. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the application of the case study method, which involves the study of the European practice of supporting the brand of an agricultural region with marketing tools of the partnership concept of territorial marketing. Conclusions. Marketing programs and marketing initiatives of agricultural regions of Germany are based on the use of modern tools and technologies aimed at establishing a long-term mutually beneficial partnership between the participants of the interaction process, at defining and creating new values that ensure the sustainable development of the territory. The development, introduction and use of a regional trademark on the market requires competent marketing support for the practical interaction of regional actors. An important area of regional marketing is establishing cooperation between local producers of organic products and large retailers. The study and generalization of the experience of Germany and other EU countries allows us to identify a number of strategic directions of marketing support for brands in agrarian regions and adapt them to the needs of domestic practice. Further research involves the development of a marketing program of the selected agricultural region, which will be based on the tools of strategic (social-ethical and partnership) concepts of territorial marketing.

Propositions for a Social Innovation Ecosystem Predisposed to Co-Creation of Value

The study of Social Innovation Ecosystems (SIE) has been gaining importance in several areas of knowledge, given their effects in combating social, environmental and economic problems. In view of this, the importance of the interaction of the different actors that compose it becomes the central theme of this study, from a perspective of co-creation of value. Therefore, this research, through a case study, aimed to present propositions that point out the predisposition of an SIE to the value of co-creation. In this way, the study aims to contribute theoretically to the study area and provide elements that contribute to the analysis of SIE.

Assembling Cities in Contemporary Discursive Practices

The article presents issues that reflect modern strategies and tactics for constructing a holistic image of a city. The so-called assembly (reassembly) is executed in response to the challenges of a scattered, fragmented, decentralized, hybrid city, but a developing city nonetheless. We reveal several types of “assembly”, depending on who the “outlook collectors” are: each time these are either those who generally approve of the policies of the powers that be, or opposition-minded bloggers, popular leaders of urban communities; or members of research groups. The authors consider the city as a dynamic system that forms many vectors of development and makes for diversity of urban discourse. The article proves that in the media three types of discourse compete in the city space: the discourse of sustainable development, critical urbanism, as well as a softer version referred to as the discourse of new urbanism. We conduct subject analysis of texts and statements made by members of social media communities (from three Siberian cities: Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Tomsk), who conduct spatial development audits and offer their own scenarios for putting together a city. The role and the importance are shown of virtual assemblies, which, if social media communities are anything to go by, can lead to creating actual assemblies and to the interaction of all city actors in the process of transforming space, to revising the modes of involvement of citizens in process of designing urban life. Discussions related to putting together a city may also slow down the process of implementing urban projects and hamper practices of further developing cities that are considered historical settlements. Moreover, citizens’ demands for an authentic urban space that can be called genuine and historic are often neglected by government officials. Each of the analyzed cities demonstrates its own unique set of institutional mechanisms and interactions of participants in decision-making arenas that are a product of a certain unique cultural, social, political and historical context.

How cyberspace affects international relations: The promise of structural modifiers

ABSTRACT This article proposes a new way to understand cyberspace's impact on international relations by treating it as a “structural modifier.” This shared language with IR allows for a clearer picture of cyberspace's causal role and effects. Unlike previous views of cyberspace as a mere domain or a revolutionary tool, this approach sees it as influencing all states’ behavior within the existing international structure. Cyberspace alters the nature and number of interactions between states, but only within the confines and constraints of the existing structure. The article demonstrates the analytical value of this approach across four key areas: deterrence, foreign policy tool choice, uncertainty, and state/non-state actor interactions. Thinking of cyberspace as a structural modifier heeds policy-makers to remain skeptical of pressures to focus on cyberspace in isolation or at the expense of other statecraft domains and tools, or to make decisions based on the idea that cyberspace revolutionizes international relations.

Hybridization of human resource management practices at South Korean online game firms: the effects of inter-organizational networks

ABSTRACT This article examines inter-organizational relationships as a vital context in the hybridization of human resource practices for adopting best practices. Employing an actor-centred institutional approach, it analyzes actor interactions in order to comprehend how institutionalized actors influence the hybridization process in South Korean online game firms. Drawing from interviews and secondary data, the findings highlight the significant impact of evolving actor relationships on situational contexts. Hierarchical relationships between game publishers and developers, coupled with unionization and state involvement, shape the distinct characteristics of hybrid HR practices. This study emphasizes the intricate interplay between national, industry and firm-level contexts in the hybridization process.