Support Interaction Research Articles

Informal social support following bereavement: A scoping review of provider and recipient perspectives of helpful and unhelpful interactions.

Informal social support can both aid coping and be a source of distress following bereavement, prompting calls for investigating the features inherent in interactions between informal social supporter providers and the bereaved. Studies were identified by searching Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and ProQuest (dissertations and theses) to 18th January 2024. A total of 23 papers underwent quality appraisal and data extraction. Intended supportive interactions were significantly associated with perceived supportive interactions in 93% of the 14 quantitative studies. A narrative synthesis identified key components of helpful (e.g., aligning with the needs of the recipient) and unhelpful informal social support (e.g., provider discomfort). These results are incorporated into a proposed Interaction Model of Informal Social Support following Bereavement (IM-ISSB) to integrate the identified factors associated with helpful and unhelpful informal social support. This model presents a novel approach to understanding support interactions following bereavement.

Experimental paradigm to test the effects of providing social support: study protocol of the PROSPECT trial (Study 2)

BackgroundA growing body of research suggests that the provision of social support can have benefits not only for the recipients but also for the provider. Although initial evidence for affective, self-evaluative and physiological outcomes has been established, the beneficial effects of support provision do not occur consistently across all support interactions, and some interactions may even have detrimental effects on providers. The aim of our experimental paradigm is to enable researchers to test the conditions under which the provision of social support to dyadic partners affects affective, self-evaluative, physiological, and relationship outcomes for the provider. In line with self-determination theory, it is proposed that the provision of support is only beneficial to the provider if it satisfies the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. The paradigm allows for the manipulation of the provider's levels of competence (feedback on the effectiveness of their support to the other person) and relatedness (feedback on the alleged level of relatedness perceived by the partner person following the provision of support).MethodsA priori power analyses resulted in a planned sample size of 250 participants randomized to four conditions: 1) no support provision, 2) support provision without feedback, 3) support provision with feedback on competence, 4) support provision with feedback on relatedness. Primary outcomes are immediate physiological (saliva cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure), affective (positive and negative affect, anxiety), self-evaluative (e.g., self-esteem) and relationship outcomes. Generalized linear models will be used to compare the four conditions.DiscussionIn a controlled laboratory experiment, this new experimental paradigm manipulates the conditions under which social support is provided. Insights into the conditions under which the provision of social support is detrimental or beneficial to the provider can inform the development of preventive and interventional approaches across a range of life domains, motivational and developmental research across the lifespan (e.g. prevention of care-giver burnout), and applied clinical contexts (e.g. therapeutic interventions).Trial registrationPre-registration (2023-11-10): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8SPZW, retrospective registration with more details (2024-10-23): https://www.drks.de/DRKS00034287

Insights into Contribution of Active Ceria Supports to Pt-Based Catalysts: Doping Effect (Zr; Pr; Tb) on Catalytic Properties for Glycerol Selective Oxidation

How important is the support during the rational design of a catalyst? Herein, doped ceria (Zr; Pr and Tb) was used as an active support to prepare Pt catalysts (0.5 wt%) for glycerol selective oxidation. A thorough characterization of achieved catalytic systems showed that the nature of doping elements led to different physicochemical properties. The presence of surface Pr3+ and Tb3+ not only increased oxygen vacancies but also electron mobility, modifying the oxidation state of platinum particles. The redox properties of the catalyst were also affected, achieving a close interaction between the support and metal particles even in the form of Pt-O-Pr(Tb) solid solutions. Furthermore, the combination of medium-sized metal particle dispersion, strong metal–support interaction and a synergy between the amount of oxygen vacancies and Pt0, observed in the Pt/CeTb catalyst, led to a high turnover frequency (TOF) and increased selectivity to glyceric acid. Thus, the present study reveals how a simple structural modification of active supports, such as cerium oxide, by means of doping elements is capable of improving the catalytic performance during glycerol selective oxidation, avoiding the cumbersome methods of synthesis and activation treatments.

Resilience first aid: Primary prevention through a strength-based peer support programme

Orientation: Peer support and resilience are crucial for mental health, particularly in high-stress occupations such as healthcare and emergency services. Existing interventions primarily focus on reactive measures, leaving a gap in proactive mental health strategies.Research purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Resilience First Aid (RFA) programme, incorporating the Predictive 6 Factor Resilience (PR6) model and the ALL Protocol, in enhancing resilience and peer support.Motivation for the study: There is a pressing need for primary prevention strategies to address the growing mental health challenges in high-stress professions. These challenges include burnout, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide, among others. This study addresses the knowledge gap by exploring a strength-based, proactive approach to peer support.Research approach/design and method: A literature review was conducted to examine gaps in peer support and explore the theoretical framework of RFA. The study draws on neurobiological insights and integrates psychotherapeutic principles to develop a resilience-focused intervention.Main findings: Resilience First Aid training significantly improved participants’ personal resilience, peer support skills and ability to recognise suicide risk factors. The ALL Protocol facilitated emotional regulation and constructive problem-solving in peer support interactions, aligning with neuroscience-based insights.Implications for practice: Implementing RFA in high-stress environments could enhance workforce resilience and reduce the prevalence of acute mental health crises. The programme’s structured, proactive approach addresses current gaps in mental health support systems.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes by presenting a comprehensive, proactive model for peer support and resilience, offering a structured conversational tool (ALL Protocol) that can be applied across various professional settings.

The Stability of Cathode Catalyst Layer With Platinum‐Based Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted significant interest as one of the most promising green energy technologies. However, the stability of platinum‐based catalyst layer at the cathode hinders the large‐scale application of the PEMFCs. This review systematically summarized the latest research progress on the stability of catalyst layer from the stability of nanoparticles, corrosion resistance of carbon support, chemical stability of ionomer and weakened toxic effect of ionomer on platinum particles. Strategies to enhance the stability of the catalyst layer were discussed as well, including increasing the dissolution potential of the nanoparticles, enhancing the metal–support interaction, modifying the structure and composition of the carbon support, and improving the distribution of the ionomer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the stability of cathode catalyst layer, serving as a reference for the design of catalyst layer with stability in the future.

Tuning the electronic structure and SMSI by integrating trimetallic sites with defective ceria for the CO2 reduction reaction

Heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as a potential key for closing the carbon cycle by converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals. In this work, we report a highly active and stable ceria (CeO2)-based electronically tuned trimetallic catalyst for CO2 to CO conversion. A unique distribution of electron density between the defective ceria support and the trimetallic nanoparticles (of Ni, Cu, Zn) was established by creating the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between them. The catalyst showed CO productivity of 49,279 mmol g-1 h-1 at 650 °C. CO selectivity up to 99% and excellent stability (rate remained unchanged even after 100 h) stemmed from the synergistic interactions among Ni-Cu-Zn sites and their SMSI with the defective ceria support. High-energy-resolution fluorescence-detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) confirmed this SMSI, further corroborated by in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The in situ studies (HERFD-XAS & EELS) indicated the key role of oxygen vacancies of defective CeO2 during catalysis. The in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging under catalytic conditions visualized the movement and growth of active trimetallic sites, which completely stopped once SMSI was established. In situ FTIR (supported by DFT) provided a molecular-level understanding of the formation of various reaction intermediates and their conversion into products, which followed a complex coupling of direct dissociation and redox pathway assisted by hydrogen, simultaneously on different active sites. Thus, sophisticated manipulation of electronic properties of trimetallic sites and defect dynamics significantly enhanced catalytic performance during CO2 to CO conversion.

Improving Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over Pd Nanoparticles Decorated with g-C3N5 Photocatalyst

A uniform distribution of Pd nanoparticles on g-C3N5 layers is achieved through wet-chemical reduction (Pd/g-C3N5-EG). Pd/g-C3N5-EG demonstrates superior hydrogen production yield compared to heterojunctions synthesized via photoreduction (Pd/g-C3N5-PR), attributed to improved metal–support interaction. Pd/g-C3N5-EG demonstrates an average hydrogen evolution rate of 891.304 µmol g−1 h−1, representing a 7.8-fold increase over Pd/g-C3N5-PR and a 34.5-fold increase over bare g-C3N5. Pd/g-C3N5-EG also maintains its hydrogen production capability after five recycling cycles, with only a slight decrease in efficiency.

Autonomy support in prenatal consultation: A quantitative observation study in maternity care.

Maternity care professionals need to guide women through an increasing number of decision-making processes during pregnancy. Professionals tend to focus more on providing information than on decision support. According to the self-determination theory (SDT), professionals could help women make their own choices by fulfilling their three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness through autonomy-supportive interactions. This study aimed to quantify autonomy-supportive and autonomy-thwarting interactions that professionals use during prenatal consultations and their association with women's perceptions of the healthcare climate during consultations. A quantitative observation study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in the Netherlands from March to October 2020. Twenty-three maternity care professionals in 2 hospitals and 16 midwifery practices were purposefully sampled. During 104 prenatal consultations, professional interactions were audiotaped and coded using the Coding and Observing Need-Supportive Consultation in Maternity Care Consultations. The woman's perceived healthcare climate was assessed using the Healthcare Climate Questionnaire. We observed that professionals derive their autonomy-supportive interactions from a small repertoire. They tend to use more autonomy-supportive interactions (mean=2.31, SD=0.58) that give room to the woman than interactions that stimulate active engagement (mean=1.41, SD=0.80). During structuring interactions, they tend to use more informative (mean=1.81, SD=0.59) than supportive interactions (mean=0.94, SD=0.55). Women generally perceived the healthcare climate as positive. Women were rarely stimulated to be actively engaged in the consultations, while active woman engagement is vital in offering women-centered decision-making support. Professionals could improve their autonomy-supportive consultation climate by paying explicit attention to interactions involving women and offering structure.

Workload and emotional exhaustion among older assistant care workers in Japan: Buffering effect of work resources.

Based on the Job Demands-Resources model, this study aimed to assess the predictive effect of workload on emotional exhaustion and test the buffering effect of three types of work resources (workplace cohesion, work control, and workplace support) on the relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion among older Japanese assistant care workers. We analyzed data from a national survey on the work features and work-related outcomes of 1601 older assistant care workers working in geriatric health services facilities in Japan. Demographic characteristics, workload, work resources, and emotional exhaustion were analyzed. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis and simple slope test were conducted. Workload had a significant main effect in predicting emotional exhaustion (β = 0.337, P < 0.001). Workplace cohesion buffered the negative effect of workload on emotional exhaustion (interaction between workload and workplace cohesion: β = -0.097, P = 0.002). Work control (interaction between workload and work control: β = -0.015, P = 0.585) and workplace support (interaction between workload and workplace support: β = 0.025, P = 0.391) had no buffering effect on the negative impact of workload on emotional exhaustion. Regulating workload and promoting workplace cohesion might be effective strategies for preventing burnout among elderly workers. Investigations into the occupational stress of elderly workers from diverse cultures and work contexts are needed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••-••.

Controlled Growth of Silver Nanoparticles by Metal–Support Interaction for Enhanced Tandem Catalytic Oxidation of HCHO at Low Temperature

Controlled Growth of Silver Nanoparticles by Metal–Support Interaction for Enhanced Tandem Catalytic Oxidation of HCHO at Low Temperature

Programmable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption via Tailored Metal Single Atom-Support Interactions.

Metal single atoms (SA)-support interactions inherently exhibit significant electrochemical activity, demonstrating potential in energy catalysis. However, leveraging these interactions to modulate electronic properties and extend application fields is a formidable challenge, demanding in-depth understanding and quantitative control of atomic-scale interactions. Herein, in situ, off-axis electron holography technique is utilized to directly visualize the interactions between SAs and the graphene surface. These interactions facilitate the formation of dispersed nanoscale regions with high charge density and are highly sensitive to external electromagnetic (EM) fields, resulting in controllable dynamic relaxation processes for charge accumulation and restoration. This leads to customized dielectric relaxation, which is difficult to achieve with current band engineering methods. Moreover, these electronic behaviors are insensitive to elevated temperatures, having characteristics distinct from those of typical metallic or semiconducting materials. Based on these results, programmable EM wave absorption properties are achieved by developing a library of SA-graphene materials and precisely controlling SA-support interactions to tailor their responses to EM waves in terms of frequency and intensity. This advancement addresses the customized anti-EM interference requirements of electronic components, greatly enhancing the development of integrated circuits and micro-nano chips. Future efforts will concentrate on manipulating atomic interactions in SA-support, potentially revolutionizing nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.

Ni/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2−x solid solution catalyst: a pathway to coke-resistant CO2 reforming of methane

The CO2 reforming of methane effectively produces syngas from two major greenhouse gases, CO2 and CH4. Ni/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2−x catalyst shows outstanding performance, with improved stability from oxygen vacancies and strong metal–support interactions.

Reactive metal–support interaction of In2O3/crystalline carbon hybrid support for highly durable and efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst

Reactive metal–support interaction of In2O3/crystalline carbon hybrid support for highly durable and efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst

Electronic Metal–Support Interaction on Pd/CoNi-hydroxides with enhanced CO adsorption for boosting CO2 methanation

CO2 conversion to value-added chemical products is of significance for carbon cycling. Pd-based catalysts show great potential in CO2 methanation reaction by virtue of synergistic effect between the Pd and...

고등학생이 지각한 정서지능과 학교생활 적응의 관계에서 사회적 지지의 조절효과

Objectives This study aims to examine the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence and school adjustment among high school students. Methods To this end, a mixed-method survey (online and offline) was conducted with 623 high school students aged 17 to 18 from 16 cities and provinces across the country. For data processing, the Windows SPSS 18.0 program was utilized to perform frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Interaction effect testing was conducted to prevent issues of multicollinearity, ensuring the validity and reliability of the findings. Results First, it was found that perceived emotional intelligence among high school students has a significant positive effect on school adjustment, and that emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on social support. Second, the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between emotional intelligence and school adjustment was confirmed. In cases where emotional intelligence is high, the influence of social support appears to be minimal; however, in cases where emotional intelligence is low, higher levels of social support were found to lead to better school adjustment. Conclusions It was confirmed that emotional intelligence has a direct effect on high school students' school adjustment, and the interaction of social support plays an important role in explaining this relationship. Based on these findings, the significance, limitations, and suggestions of this study were discussed.

Health professionals’ experiences of group-based cardiac telerehabilitation: A descriptive qualitative study

It is estimated that 200 million people worldwide live with coronary artery disease (CAD). Secondary prevention for CAD patients is supported by strong evidence. Group-based cardiac telerehabilitation supervised by health professionals is a type of rehabilitation program that utilizes technologies to deliver rehabilitation services to many patients with CAD. This descriptive qualitative study aims to describe healthcare professionals’ experiences of group-based cardiac telerehabilitation. A purposive sample of healthcare professionals providing group-based cardiac telerehabilitation was interviewed (N=10) from October 2023 to January 2024. The interviews were audio-recorded, translated verbatim and analysed with inductive content analysis. The results were reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research- guideline (SRQR). The analysis resulted in six main categories: professional practices and factors contributing to the practices, digital practices in telerehabilitation, manifestations of support in a group telerehabilitation, counselling on self-care engagement in telerehabilitation, manifestations of interaction in a group telerehabilitation and telerehabilitation as an enabler of follow-up care for patients with CAD. According to the health professionals’ experiences, telerehabilitation improves the availability of rehabilitation, creates opportunities for support and peer interactions among rehabilitees, and enhances the accessibility of coronary disease treatment and follow-up care. Given positive experiences, group-based cardiac rehabilitation should be further developed and its availability should be improved.

Aspek-Aspek Kunci dalam Perkembangan Anak pada Masa Usia Dini

Early childhood development has a very large influence on the formation of various aspects of their lives, such as cognitive, emotional, social, and physical abilities. During this period, children begin to develop basic skills that will affect their quality of life in the future. This study aims to explore various factors that influence early childhood growth and development through an analysis of five relevant studies from Indonesia. Through a qualitative analysis approach, it was found that appropriate stimulation from the environment, supportive social interactions, and effective parenting patterns play an important role in child development. These findings are expected to provide insight for parents and educators in creating an environment that supports optimal child growth and development.

The Impact of the Zuvio Blended Literature Circle on EFL Students' Motivation and Self-Efficacy

This study investigates the integration of Zuvio Blended Literature Circle in English language instruction, focusing on enhancing learning motivation and self-efficacy among lower-intermediate students in large classrooms. The quasi-experimental research involved 105 university students over a semester, using mixed methods. Quantitative findings showed significant improvements in learning motivation (average scores rising from 75.07 to 81.91, p&amp;lt;.001) and self-efficacy (scores increasing from 90.11 to 94.70, p&amp;lt;.001). Qualitative data revealed enhanced classroom dynamics, with students showing greater initiative and supportive peer interactions. The incorporation of both expository and narrative texts enriched linguistic input and prompted discussions on various themes. Results indicate that the Zuvio Blended Literature Circle effectively addresses instructional challenges in large-class settings, significantly boosting students' motivation and self-efficacy in language learning. This study provides valuable insights for improving English education in similar contexts.

All-Russian meeting on the issues of application and modification of the Library Bibliographic Classification (LBC) Medium Schedules

The author reviews the All-Russian meeting on the issues of application and modification of the LBC Medium Schedules held on October 8–9, 2024, on the premises of the Russian State Library, and its key topics: the experience and workflow management, development of scientific concept of the LBС Medium Schedules 2nd edition, prospects for the LBС under the library digital transformation, professional development, methodological support, and corporate interaction. She discusses the sessions and the key papers, makes conclusions, and conveys the key content of the recommendations approved at the meeting.

Improved Activity of Ru/CeO2 Catalyst for CO2 Methanation by Enhanced Electronic Metal–Support Interaction

Improved Activity of Ru/CeO₂ Catalyst for CO₂ Methanation by Enhanced Electronic Metal–Support Interaction