Interaction Scenarios Research Articles

SERS activity of silver nanoparticles and silver-modified 2D graphitic carbon nitride towards ciprofloxacin drug

Herein, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver-loaded graphitic carbon nitride (Ag@g-C3N4) nanocomposites have been synthesized and used as an effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for the detection of low concentrations (10-14 M) of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a commonly bioactive medication used to treat bacterial illnesses. A combined approach of vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) has been developed to understand the possible modes of analyte (CIP) and SERS substrate (AgNPs and Ag@g-C3N4) interactions. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the behavior of drug molecules in terms of SERS response and energetics of interaction changed significantly when interacted with the noble metal AgNPs decorated onto the g-C3N4 framework in comparison to only AgNPs as substrate. The most prominent interaction scenario between AgNPs and CIP is likely to be through the –NH moiety of drug molecule with an interaction energy of −306 kcal/mol. Whereas, the CIP molecules adsorbed onto Ag@g-C3N4 nanocomposite were more flexible with interaction energy of −107 kcal/mol, suggesting a greater association of analyte with the skeletal modes of substrate leading to Raman enhancements in the low wavenumber region i.e. below 600 cm−1. Hence, the Ag@g-C3N4 nanocomposite-based SERS substrates investigated served two distinct spectral ranges, making them complementary of each other in terms of SERS detection of CIP. The characteristics of the computed frontier molecular orbitals indicated a pronounced amount of charge transfer between the drug and the substrate, highlighting the significance of the chemical mechanism of the overall process. These results represent a successful approach to have an extended spectral range that covers lower wavenumber shifts by applying simple and meaningful modifications to the normally utilized noble metal-based nanoparticles, which can lead to more effective and reliable detection of bioactive drugs.

Decentralized human-like control strategy of mixed-flow multi-vehicle interactions at uncontrolled intersections: A game-theoretic approach

A critical challenge that future autonomous driving systems face is improving the ability to cope with complex real-world interaction scenarios such as uncontrolled intersections. In the near future, a mixed traffic flow of human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will coexist in transport networks, which motivates us to explore the interaction between HDVs and CAVs to improve traffic efficiency and safety. To help CAVs better interact with HDVs and adapt to the mixed-flow environment, we propose a human-like decentralized control strategy for CAVs. First, a game-theoretic framework is proposed to model multi-vehicle interactions (including HDV-CAV, CAV-CAV interactions) in the mixed-flow environment. The existence of solutions is proven to ensure the feasibility of the proposed game-theoretic model. Next, a driving style recognition algorithm is embedded into the proposed model to help CAVs understand and predict human drivers’ actions. The proposed model is calibrated via a real-world dataset and used to simulate traffic in several testing scenarios. Real-world vehicle trajectories are used to verify the accuracy of generated vehicle trajectories in simulations. Experimental results indicate that 1) CAVs can take more reasonable actions to determine whether to yield while ensuring safety when competing for the right of way with HDVs using the proposed method compared with conservative driving strategies, 2) a higher penetration rate of CAVs can significantly enhance travel efficiency and lower collision risk at uncontrolled intersections.

Fragmented micro-growth habitats present opportunities for alternative competitive outcomes

Bacteria in nature often thrive in fragmented environments, like soil pores, plant roots or plant leaves, leading to smaller isolated habitats, shared with fewer species. This spatial fragmentation can significantly influence bacterial interactions, affecting overall community diversity. To investigate this, we contrast paired bacterial growth in tiny picoliter droplets (1–3 cells per 35 pL up to 3–8 cells per species in 268 pL) with larger, uniform liquid cultures (about 2 million cells per 140 µl). We test four interaction scenarios using different bacterial strains: substrate competition, substrate independence, growth inhibition, and cell killing. In fragmented environments, interaction outcomes are more variable and sometimes even reverse compared to larger uniform cultures. Both experiments and simulations show that these differences stem mostly from variation in initial cell population growth phenotypes and their sizes. These effects are most significant with the smallest starting cell populations and lessen as population size increases. Simulations suggest that slower-growing species might survive competition by increasing growth variability. Our findings reveal how microhabitat fragmentation promotes diverse bacterial interaction outcomes, contributing to greater species diversity under competitive conditions.

АДАМДЫН ФИЗИОЛОГИЯЛЫК АБАЛЫН, ЭМОЦИЯСЫН ТУЮНДУРГАН ЭТИШТИК АНТОНИМДЕР (А.Жакыпбековдун чыгармаларынын негизинде)

In the realm of general linguistics, groups of words signifying various scenarios of object and phenomenon interactions, verbs, exhibit a greater morphological complexity compared to word families. They constitute a substantial portion of a language's vocabulary. Our aforementioned article yields the same conclusion. Specifically, when investigating antonyms within the artistic language of the esteemed writer A. Dzhakypbekov, verbal antonyms were found to be prevalent. The content of our scholarly work encompasses antonymous verbs that convey shifts in the emotional experiences of the characters in the work (including weeping, laughter, joy, sadness, positive and negative emotions, etc.), as well as diverse situations pertaining to their physiological state, movements, and actions involving the human body and its organs. Examples related to this word category were scrutinized in terms of morphological composition, antonym formation methods, and classification.

Identification of Object Roughness Using a Flexible Capacitive 3D Force Transducer Featuring an Interlocking Microstructure

A flexible capacitive three-dimensional (3D) force transducer with four bottom electrodes is proposed. A dielectric layer with ionic effects and pyramid-like microstructures is designed to improve the sensing performance of this sensor. The arrayed sensor exhibits remarkable capabilities in capturing and decoupling 3D forces, showcasing a high sensitivity, a wide response range (0–30[Formula: see text]kPa), rapid response time (62[Formula: see text]ms), excellent repeatability under continuous pressure, as well as static and dynamic responses. By assembling a robotic arm to grasp various objects, the sensor demonstrates exceptional sensing capabilities for object roughness, thereby highlighting its potential application as a touch recognition system in human–computer interaction scenarios.

“Where is Home?” Perceptions of Home and Future among Ukrainian Refugees in Norway

Abstract This article illuminates how Ukrainian refugees residing in Norway perceive “home” in spatial and temporal dimensions. By synthesising the “here and there” dichotomy with the concept of “home constellations”, the authors elaborate a theoretical scheme illustrating the nuanced and multifaceted notions of home that emerged during interviews conducted with Ukrainian refugees in Norway in 2022–2023. The variety of home notions reveals at least four possible scenarios of interactions between “home A” and “home B”: (1) Home “where I am from” (home A in Ukraine); (2) Home “where I am now” (home B in Norway); (3) Double home (both home A and home B); (4) Absence of home (no home). This article shows that Ukrainian refugees’ “homing desire” to create, feel, and believe in a home existing in the present serves to overcome the multilevel uncertainties of the future caused by the temporary nature of collective protection and the unknown prospects of a safe return to their homeland.

Pembuatan Media Interakitf Mengenai Analogi Tubuh Manusia menggunakan Adobe Animate 2022

The multimedia development process involves character design, animation, and interactive scenarios using Adobe Animate. This multimedia is designed to be easily accessible to various user levels, taking into consideration the aspects of user experience design.Evaluation results indicate that interactive multimedia created with Adobe Animate is effective in improving the biological concepts understanding of the human body. The interactive interface provides a more engaging learning experience, motivating users to explore further information and enhancing the retention of the concepts taught.This research contributes to the utilization of Adobe Animate as an effective tool for creating educational multimedia. With this approach, it is expected that the teaching of the human body can become more interesting and accessible to various learner groups. Additionally, the findings of this research may pave the way for the development of interactive multimedia based on Adobe Animate in the context of science education.

A Study of Model Iterations of Fitts’ Law and Its Application to Human–Computer Interactions

Fitts’ law, a predictive model for motor task completion time, is widely utilized in human–computer interaction (HCI) research. While its formulas in two dimensions have achieved consensus over the decades, research diverges on its application in three dimensions. This paper synthesizes practical applications across touchscreens, virtual reality (VR), pedals, handheld devices, etc., with a specific emphasis on enhancing interaction experiences for vulnerable populations. This review studies Fitts’ law’s applicability in diverse interaction scenarios, highlighting design considerations for touchscreens and handheld/foot-held devices. This article underscores the need for future research to explore three-dimensional applications and consider user age, with potential expansions into medical and sports domains. This systematic review aims to empower designers in crafting more ergonomic products and improving HCI experiences.

Do patients prefer a human doctor, artificial intelligence, or a blend, and is this preference dependent on medical discipline? Empirical evidence and implications for medical practice.

Today the doctor-patient relationship typically takes place in a face-to-face setting. However, with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, two further interaction scenarios are possible: an AI system supports the doctor's decision regarding diagnosis and/or treatment while interacting with the patient, or an AI system could even substitute the doctor and hence a patient interacts with a chatbot (i.e., a machine) alone. Against this background, we report on an online experiment in which we analyzed data from N = 1,183 people. The data was collected in German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). The participants were asked to imagine they had been suffering from medical conditions of unknown origin for some time and that they were therefore visiting a health center to seek advice from a doctor. We developed descriptions of patient-doctor interactions (referred to as vignettes), thereby manipulating the patient's interaction partner: (i) human doctor, (ii) human doctor with an AI system, and (iii) an AI system only (i.e., chatbot). Furthermore, we manipulated medical discipline: (i) cardiology, (ii) orthopedics, (iii) dermatology, and (iv) psychiatry. Based on this 3 × 4 experimental within-subjects design, our results indicate that people prefer a human doctor, followed by a human doctor with an AI system, and an AI system alone came in last place. Specifically, based on these 12 hypothetical interaction situations, we found a significant main effect of a patient's interaction partner on trust, distrust, perceived privacy invasion, information disclosure, treatment adherence, and satisfaction. Moreover, perceptions of trust, distrust, and privacy invasion predicted information disclosure, treatment adherence, and satisfaction as a function of interaction partner and medical discipline. We found that the situation in psychiatry is different from the other three disciplines. Specifically, the six outcome variables differed strongly between psychiatry and the three other disciplines in the "human doctor with an AI system" condition, while this effect was not that strong in the other conditions (human doctor, chatbot). These findings have important implications for the use of AI in medical care and in the interaction between patients and their doctors.

Let’s Get Physical: The Influence of Embodiment on Industrial Human-Robot Interaction

In recent years, an increasing number of studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) have used images or videos of robots as a simple, inexpensive, and customizable substitute for physically embodied robots. Thus, the question arises whether results from studies using depictions can be validly applied to interactions with embodied robots. This study investigated the effect of embodiment in HRI within an industrial interaction scenario, focusing on perception, trust, and task performance. Eighty-five participants interacted either with an embodied robot or its depiction via a computer screen. Results showed that the embodied robot was perceived as more likable, intelligent, and safer, eliciting higher initial trust. Primary task performance was observed to be higher in interaction with the embodied robot, while secondary task performance was higher in interaction with the robot’s depiction. These findings challenge the generalizability of depiction-based HRI research, highlighting the importance of considering embodiment in future research designs.

Alternative Emergency Vehicle Lighting Affects Traffic Behaviors

Emergency vehicle lightings (EVL) mitigate the risk of collision and make drivers move over. The present paper explored how new alternative EVL designs can improve driver behavior in different emergency vehicle interaction scenarios. From workshops with 14 emergency responders, three scenarios (Emergency driving, Police pull-over, Emergency vehicle alongside the road) and 19 EVL blink patterns were chosen. These alternative EVLs were presented in an online survey with 2627 Swedish respondents. Alternative EVL affected reported driving behavior. Drivers reported being most certain of what is expected from them in the emergency-driving scenario. It is important to ensure that the EVL is easy to interpret in more unfamiliar emergency-vehicle interactions such as police pull-over. Only a third of drivers had seen the pull-over EVL currently used in Sweden. The current pull-over EVL in combination with a stop sign increased the chance of drivers reporting that they would pull over.

Momentary autonomic engagement during parent-adolescent conflict: Coping as a moderator of associations with emotions.

Regulatory efforts are hypothesized to affect associations between emotions and physiology (i.e., concordance) to facilitate adaptive functioning. Assessing the role of coping on physiological-emotional concordance during ecologically relevant scenarios can elucidate whether concordance can serve as a biomarker of risk or resilience. The present study assessed self-reported coping as a moderator of minute-to-minute associations between autonomic nervous system activity and emotions (i.e., physiological-emotional concordance) in caregivers (N = 97) and adolescents (N = 97; ages 10-15) during a dyadic conflict task. Models included physiological variables (sympathetic, skin conductance level [SCL]; and parasympathetic, respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and their interaction (SCL × RSA) as predictors of emotions, with coping variables as moderators. Caregivers' use of primary control coping (e.g., problem solving and emotional expression) and secondary control coping (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and acceptance) use in response to family stress predicted more positive emotional experiences during the laboratory conflict task. Adolescents' use of secondary control coping moderated the SCL-emotion association, such that increases in momentary SCL were associated with more positive emotion ratings for youth reporting higher secondary control coping. For youth who report more adaptive trait-level coping skills, momentary changes in SCL may reflect active engagement and attentiveness to facilitate more positive emotional experiences. Findings advance our understanding of the interrelationships between physiological responses and psychological experiences during relevant, interactive scenarios. Autonomic responses are differentially related to affective states depending on the coping strategies that adolescents employ, suggesting that concordance may be associated with intervention targets (i.e., coping skills).

Influence of multilevel governance on land use change in China's rapidly urbanizing metropolitan from low-carbon perspective

Low-carbon oriented land use change is crucial to tackling climate change issues in rapidly urbanizing metropolitans. Previous studies lacked to consider how the cross-level interaction within multilevel governance of metropolitan areas affect the land use change. In order to simulate multilevel governance interaction, this study proposes a land use simulation model, facilitating a comparative analysis of simulated results under different scenarios. Taking Hangzhou as the empirical study area, the results show that the predicted scale of construction land with high carbon emissions is smallest in interactive governance scenario. Its overall low-carbon performance of land use is the best among all scenarios, with a Polycentric Degree of 0.7856 (N = 4) and 0.9142 (N = 6), and Cohesion Degree and Land-Use Degree Index are 101.8320 and 101.7944 respectively. This study revealed that the interactive governance effectively curbs the growth of land with high-carbon emissions, promoting the spatial carbon efficiency and the low-carbon oriented spatial layout. Multi-level governance provides a framework for effective implantation of low-carbon oriented land use change objective and plays an important role in promoting its low-carbon performance. This study innovatively incorporates governance parameters into the land use prediction model, providing guidance for optimizing land use governance in metropolitan areas.

VIRTUAL SIMULATOR FOR PROCESSING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ON PHYSICAL MEDIA

Acquiring digital competencies is an important area in modern education. Using and applying digital tools and technologies allows to increase the level of students' competencies. A modern digital solution based on virtual reality technology is proposed. The virtual simulator is a set of interactive models in a three-dimensional virtual space, allowing to implement scenarios of interaction between users and special software for the practical application of information security tasks. An overview of existing virtual simulators and justification for the choice of software and processes for processing confidential information on physical media are provided. Digital competencies are an important area in modern education. A modern digital solution based on virtual reality technology is proposed. The virtual simulator is designed and represents a set of interactive models in a three-dimensional virtual space, allowing to implement scenarios of interaction between users and special software for the practical application of information security tasks. Experimental studies were conducted on working with the virtual simulator. Testing of the simulator confirmed its operability. The virtual simulator can be used by both practitioners in the field of information security software operation. In the future, it is planned to refine the simulator in terms of developing augmented reality scenarios and modeling information security incidents. The implementation of the virtual simulator is described. Statistical data on the results of the experiment are provided. On average, the training result using the simulator increased by 35,8 %.

Gender-Related Differences in the Performance of Request in the Algerian Classroom Discourse

Despite extensive research on requests, there remains a notable gap in understanding gender differences in Algerian classrooms. This study investigates how male and female students and teachers formulate requests during classroom interactions, using responses from a discourse completion task (DCT). The aim is to explore how gender influences choice of request strategies and variations in directness, considering social variables such as power dynamics, social distance, and the imposition level among participants. The study focuses on identifying similarities and differences in request behaviors between male and female interactions among Algerian students and teachers, as well as among students themselves. Data were collected through a Discourse Completion Task featuring three scenarios of classroom interactions, involving 115 male and female participants. The findings indicate that gender significantly influences the selection of request strategies and levels among Algerian students and teachers. Female students and teachers tended to employ more indirect request strategies compared to males, who typically favored direct approaches across all scenarios. Furthermore, the study reveals that the degree of directness varied for both genders based on socio-cultural factors such as power dynamics, social distance, imposition levels, and religious norms prevalent in Algerian society. The research highlights that students generally opt for conventional indirect strategies when making requests to teachers. In contrast, direct requests are more commonly used when individuals of equal social status interact or when the requester holds a higher status than the respondent. This study contributes new insights into the impact of gender and socio-cultural factors on request strategies and politeness in Algerian classroom discourse, enriching the field of cross-cultural pragmatics and classroom discourse studies.

KRATOS: A large suite of N-body simulations to interpret the stellar kinematics of LMC-like discs

Context. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) are the brightest satellites of the Milky Way (MW), and for the last thousand million years they have been interacting with one another. As observations only provide a static picture of the entire process, numerical simulations are used to interpret the present-day observational properties of these kinds of systems, and most of them have been focused on attempting to recreate the neutral gas distribution and characteristics through hydrodynamical simulations. Aims. We present KRATOS, a comprehensive suite of 28 open-access pure N-body simulations of isolated and interacting LMC-like galaxies designed for studying the formation of substructures in their discs after interaction with an SMC-mass galaxy. The primary objective of this paper is to provide theoretical models that help us to interpret the formation of general structures in an LMC-like galaxy under various tidal interaction scenarios. This is the first paper of a series dedicated to the analysis of this complex interaction. Methods. Simulations are grouped into 11 sets of up to three configurations, with each set containing (1) a control model of an isolated LMC-like galaxy; (2) a model that contains the interaction with an SMC-mass galaxy, and (3) a model where both an SMC-mass and a MW-mass galaxy may interact with the LMC-like galaxy (the most realistic model). In each simulation, we analysed the orbital history between the three galaxies and examined the morphological and kinematic features of the LMC-like disc galaxy throughout the interaction. This includes investigating the disc scale height and velocity maps. When a bar was found to develop, we characterised its strength, length, off-centredness, and pattern speed. Results. The diverse outcomes found in the KRATOS simulations, including the presence of bars, warped discs, and various spiral arm shapes, demonstrate the opportunities they offer to explore a range of LMC-like galaxy morphologies. These morphologies directly correspond to distinct disc kinematic maps, making them well-suited for a first-order interpretation of the LMC’s kinematic maps. From the simulations, we note that tidal interactions can: boost the disc scale height; both destroy and create bars; and naturally explain the off-centre stellar bars. The bar length and pattern speed of long-lived bars are not appreciably altered by the interaction. Conclusions. The high spatial, temporal, and mass resolution used in the KRATOS simulations has been shown to be appropriate for the purpose of interpreting the internal kinematics of LMC-like discs, as evidenced by the first scientific results presented in this work.

Quantum Heat Engines with Spin‐Chain‐Star Systems

AbstractThis study investigates a theoretical model of a Quantum Otto Cycle (QOC) that utilizes a working fluid spin‐chain‐star model. The system consists of a central atom interacting with multiple Heisenberg spin chains. Employing unitary transformations, the spin‐chain‐star system is transformed into a spin‐star model. The work done and heat transferred for three distinct working fluid configurations: the , , and cases are discussed. The efficiency of the heat engine is examined, and a comparative study between the efficiencies of the three configurations is presented. The study assumes two interaction scenarios for the central atom: either with a single chain (resulting in a two‐qubit system after transformation) or with three Heisenberg chains. The results demonstrate that increasing the ratio between the central atom's frequency in the hot bath and the cold bath leads to an enhancement in positive work performed for the and cases. In the case, the magnitude of this enhancement exhibits a dependence on the system's temperature. The QOC employing the configuration working fluid exhibits superior efficiency compared to the other two configurations. Moreover, increasing the central atom's relative frequency improves efficiency for all three cases.

People follow motivation-structural rules when they react to synthetised sounds

Emotionally expressive vocalizations can elicit approach-avoidance responses in humans and non-human animals. We investigated whether artificially generated sounds have similar effects on humans. We assessed whether subjects' reactions were linked to acoustic properties, and associated valence and intensity. We generated 343 artificial sounds with differing call lengths, fundamental frequencies and added acoustic features across 7 categories and 3 levels of biological complexity. We assessed the hypothetical behavioural response using an online questionnaire with a manikin task, in which 172 participants indicated whether they would approach or withdraw from an object emitting the sound. (1) Quieter sounds elicited approach, while loud sounds were associated with avoidance. (2) The effect of pitch was modulated by category, call length and loudness. (2a) Low-pitched sounds in complex sound categories prompted avoidance, while in other categories they elicited approach. (2b) Higher pitch in loud sounds had a distancing effect, while higher pitch in quieter sounds prompted approach. (2c) Longer sounds promoted avoidance, especially at high frequencies. (3) Sounds with higher intensity and negative valence elicited avoidance. We conclude that biologically based acoustic signals can be used to regulate the distance between social robots and humans, which can provide an advantage in interactive scenarios.

Education for peace in a peace-friendly context: testing a virtual learning tool to improve teachers’ competencies for conflict transformation in Colombia

ABSTRACT Colombian society has been exposed to decades of sociopolitical violence with apparent effects on its social infrastructure that may inadvertently lead to more structural, cultural, and interpersonal forms of violence. Peacebuilding efforts are required, and education for peace plays a key role. This requires building conflict sensitivity within the school system and improving teachers’ competence-based knowledge in several domains. To achieve this aim, we developed and tested the ‘Eco-GesTE Virtual Learning Environment.’ Nine teachers (male and female) from a public school in Ibagué (an intermediate city in Colombia) completed 10 Interactive Virtual Learning Scenarios (IVLS) to improve emotional, social reasoning, integrative, and conflict transformation competencies over three months. They completed two conflict management style measures, before and after the intervention, besides a qualitative survey after the intervention. Non-parametric, paired samples Wilcoxon tests suggest marginally significant individual changes whereby teachers reported using fewer conflict-avoidant styles after completing the intervention. Qualitatively, participants also reported learning emotion regulation and listening skills, as well as feeling better equipped to handle situations with domain congruency. They also reported using more perspective-taking during conflicts. Findings suggest potential for competence-based knowledge online interventions to strengthen conflict transformation competencies among teachers and contribute to violence-free educational environments.

Comparison of EEVEE and Cycles Rendering Performance in Blender 3.5 in the Context of Interactive Visuals for 3D Animation

This research aims to compare the performance of two rendering engines, namely EEVEE and Cycles, available in Blender 3.5, in the context of developing interactive visual 3D animation. The rendering engine is a key element in 3D animation production, and the right choice between EEVEE and Cycles can have a significant impact on the final animation result. In this research, we conducted a series of experiments and analyzes to evaluate rendering speed, the quality of the resulting images, and the ability to achieve the visual effects desired by the animator. The results of this research provide deep insight into the strengths and limitations of each rendering engine in interactive 3D animation scenarios. These findings can help animators, game developers, and similar creative professionals make more informed choices when choosing a rendering engine that suits their project needs. Thus, this research contributes to the development of rendering techniques in the growing 3D animation industry.