Interaction Process Research Articles

Decision regret after curative treatment and its association with the decision-making process and quality of life for prostate cancer patients.

To determine how the treatment decision-making process and posttreatment health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are related to regret about treatment choice for prostate cancer patients in Japan. We invited a total of 614 patients who were treated with radiation therapy (RT), radical prostatectomy (RP), or active surveillance/watchful waiting (AS/WW) from April 2007 to March 2021. Posttreatment regret was evaluated by the Decision Regret Scale. HRQOL was evaluated by the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and the 12-item Short Form Survey. The decision-making process was assessed by patient evaluation of the decision-making process. We compared the decision regret scale scores across treatment types, HRQOL, and decision-making processes. Data from 371 patients were analyzed (RT: 202, RP: 149, AS/WW: 20). The median length of time since treatment was 64 (IQR: 43-93) months. The decision regret scale scores were not significantly different among the treatment groups but were significantly greater (strong regret) in patients with poor urinary summary scores, bowel summary scores, and hormonal summary scores. The decision regret scale scores were significantly lower (less regret) for patients who reported being adequately informed at the time of the treatment decision and who had adequately communicated their questions and concerns to physicians than for patients who reported less adequate communication. This result was also observed among patients who reported low HRQOL scores. These findings underline the important influence of posttreatment HRQOL and decision-making as an interactive process between physicians and their patients on posttreatment regret in prostate cancer patients.

Дослідження впливу різних наповнювачів на атмосферостійкість асфальтобетонів

Introduction. The properties of bituminous-mineral materials are determined by the bonds formed between individual mineral grains and depend on the characteristics of the bitumen, the thickness of the bitumen layer covering the mineral grains, as well as the interaction processes between the mineral materials and bitumen at their joint interface. To ensure a strong and stable bond between the grains, the bitumen must evenly cover the surface of the mineral materials with a thin layer. To improve the strength of road pavement made from bituminous-mineral material, it is necessary for the maximum amount of bitumen to be adsorbed by the mineral material, minimizing the content of free bitumen. Problem Statement. Depending on the nature of the mineral material and the chemical composition of the bitumen, the properties of its thin layers change in various ways. On an active mineral surface, the strength of the bitumen in a thin layer increases as the thickness decreases, while on an inactive surface, the strength of the bitumen remains largely unchanged with a decrease in layer thickness.

Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in arid to semiarid region of Indus Basin of South Punjab, Pakistan

<p><a name="_Hlk173243332"><span style="background-color:white;color:black;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;">As the groundwater pollution is increasing, it is crucial to assess groundwater quality and characterize hydrogeochemistry accurately for long term water supply. </span></a><span style="background-color:white;color:black;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;">In this study groundwater samples were collected from 120 locations from Bahawalpur district and analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>) and heavy metals. The results obtained from the analysis of samples showed that the SAR of nearly 65% of samples collected from Bahawalpur district were in acceptable limit (<6 meq L<sup>-1</sup>), while 12% found to be unfit for irrigation (>10 meq L<sup>-1</sup>). Similarly, the RSC values depicted that 8% samples were unfit while 64% samples were falling in the category of fit irrigation water. Most of the water samples were predominantly Ca<sup>2+</sup>-HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>-HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> type, that were controlled by various processes of cation exchange, water-rock interaction, dissolution and evaporation. Some samples fall in the middle of diamond and lower triangles of Piper diagram are showing no dominant type of water (mixed water type) due to the complex influence of rock-water interactions as well as anthropogenic activities. The Water Quality Index (WQI) showed that out of total 120 sampling sites in Bahawalpur the number of excellent water samples were only 2% while 18% water samples were characterized as hazardous. Moreover, the number of samples falling in the categories of good, poor and very poor quality water were 36%, 29% and 13% respectively.</span></p>

Islamic values in "Bhupa' Bhabbhu' Ghuru Rato" on The Madurese Mondok (Boarding) Tradition

This research aims to explore the meaning of religiosity and cultural compliance of Bhupa' Bhabbhu' Ghuru Rato in Madurese society. This culture is the values, guidelines, norms of life that are believed by the community for generations. In the context of communication studies, tradition and culture become an interesting research phenomenon. Islam and culture are inseparable. This research uses the ethnographic method of communication in the community of Brambang Hamlet, Sumenep, which has a tradition of Islamic boarding school (Pondok Pesantren). This research reveals that the meaning of the value of religiosity and Bhuppa'-Bhabbhu'-Ghuru-Rato obedience of each individual community varies based on their respective experiences and perspectives obtained from the symbolic interaction process. Nevertheless, all informants in this study agreed that the mondok tradition is important to be preserved in order to teach and develop the values of religiosity and obedience.

Predicting subjective ratings of affect and comprehensibility with text features: a reader response study of narrative poetry.

Literary reading is an interactive process between a reader and a text that depends on a balance between cognitive effort and emotional rewards. By studying both the crucial features of the text and of the subjective reader reception, a better understanding of this interactive process can be reached. In the present study, subjects (N=31) read and rated a work of narrative fiction that was written in a poetic style, thereby offering the readers two pathways to cognitive rewards: Aesthetic appreciation and narrative immersion. Using purely text-based quantitative descriptors, we were able to independently and accurately predict the subjective ratings in the dimensions comprehensibility, valence, arousal, and liking across roughly 140 pages of naturalistic text. The specific text features that were most important in predicting each rating dimension are discussed in detail. In addition, the implications of the findings are discussed more generally in the context of existing models of literary processing and future research avenues for empirical literary studies.

Beyond Empathy: Unveiling the Co-Creation Process of Emotions through a Wearable Device

Emotions fluctuate during the process of social interaction. Although the co-creation of emotions through organizational behavior has been discussed theoretically in existing research, there is no method to demonstrate how emotions are co-created. Instead, previous studies have paid much attention to empathy, in which a person’s emotions are contagious. In contrast to self-report, which is a traditional method that can only assess emotions at a single point in time and adapts to empathy, biometric technology has made it possible to analyze emotional fluctuations over time. However, previous studies have focused only on understanding the emotional fluctuations of individuals separately. In the present study, we developed a system to measure the co-creation of emotions using a wearable device. The pulse rate was converted into valence as a positive–negative emotion, and the fluctuations in valence were analyzed by cross-correlation. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system through triangulation by integrating biometrics with observation and self-report. The proposed system was verified to measure the co-creation of pair and group emotions using real-world data beyond laboratory settings. The present study contributes to business administration by proposing a critical concept for measuring the co-creation of emotions based on a constructionist approach.

Numerical Simulation of “Submachinegun - Grenade Launcher” Dynamic System

In modern small arms, one of the most important technical characteristics is the survivability of barrel, which greatly affects the competitiveness of the product on the market. The task of increasing the survivability of the barrel of automatic small arms has not yet lost its relevance. Based on the modern nature of combat and the multitasking of combat operations, complexes of manual automatic weapons with the use of various external devices, such as sighting devices of various designs, under-barrel grenade launchers, low-noise shooting devices, etc., are currently being developed on the basis of a single reference sample. When designing new samples, several approximated mathematical models are currently used, that do not take into account the impact of external devices on the dynamic and oscillatory processes occurring during firing from modern hand-held automatic weapons. This article describes a physical and mathematical model of the dynamic interaction of an under-barrel grenade launcher and small arms (submachine gun), demonstrates a computational mathematical model for different types and methods of securing a device such as an under-barrel grenade launcher. The optimal computational model is revealed, allowing to describe the dynamic process of interaction of the system elements in the numerical simulation of the shot. Advantages and disadvantages have been identified, on the basis of which the goals and objectives of further work have been determined, consisting in studying the influence of external devices on the parameters of the barrel of automatic small arms, in order to improve the operational, tactical and technical characteristics of automatic small arms systems based on the development of a numerical and analytical approach, and a modular mathematical model of automatic small arms weapons.

Læreplananalyse av temaet landformer i norsk grunnskole (1974-2020) sett i lys av sentrale teorier om barns læring

How the theme landforms is treated in Norwegian curricula has changed over years. The aim of this study was to identify and understand such changes, and to analyze how the facilitation of the content harmonizes with central theories of children’s learning. This was a qualitative content analysis. All curricula facilitate landform learning in the pupil's local environment, and work methods that facilitate social interactive processes are strongly emphasized. This harmonizes well with a sociocultural constructivist view of learning. Over time, however, content about landforms has been reduced and become more scientific and academic. An example of this is the introduction of The Geological Cycle in the last curriculum. The reduction of content allows for more in-depth understanding, but academization may also cause alienation. The cultural aspects in this curriculum were also weakened, which does not harmonize with a theory of children's animistic thinking.

T2T genomes of carrot and Alternaria dauci and their utility for understanding host-pathogen interactions during carrot leaf blight disease.

Carrot (Daucus carota) is one of the most popular and nutritious vegetable crops worldwide. However, significant yield losses occur every year due to leaf blight, a disease caused by a fungal pathogen (Alternaria dauci). Past research on resistance to leaf blight disease in carrots has been slow because of the low-quality genome assemblies of both carrot and the pathogen. Here, we report the greatly improved assemblies and annotations of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genomes of carrot DH13M14 (451.04 Mb) and A. dauci A2016 (34.91 Mb). Compared with the previous carrot genome versions, our assembly featured notable improvements in genome size, continuity, and completeness of centromeres and telomeres. In addition, we generated a time course transcriptomic atlas during the infection of carrots by A. dauci and captured their dynamic gene expression reprogramming during the interaction process. During infection, A. dauci genes encoding effectors and enzymes responsible for the degradation of plant cell wall components, e.g., cellulose and pectin, were identified, which appeared to increase pathogenic ability through upregulation. In carrot, the coordinated gene expression of components of pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI and ETI) in response to A. dauci attack was characterized. The biosynthesis or signal transduction of plant hormones, including JA, SA, and ethylene, was also involved in the carrot response to A. dauci. This work provides a foundation for understanding A. dauci pathogenic progression and carrot defense mechanisms to improve carrot resistance to leaf blight disease. The Carrot Database (CDB) developed also provides a useful resource for the carrot community.

谈判: Mega-games as Catalysts for Deep Experiential Learning in Higher Education

The study deepens into the transformative potential of mega-games as an innovative educational tool, offering profound and enriching learning experiences across diverse educational landscapes. Mega-games represent a fusion of various elements, including role-play, social interaction, simulations, rule-based systems, economic dynamics, political scenarios, and decision-making processes, all woven into an immersive narrative fabric. Through experiential learning, these games provide a unique platform for students to engage deeply with complex subject matter. This research centres on the application of mega-games within the context of sixth-semester students pursuing a degree in International Business at the Mexico State Campus of Tecnológico de Monterrey. Specifically, the study focuses on the simulation exercise titled 谈判 Tánpàn, which aims to immerse students in negotiation scenarios regarding the final price of a digital device manufactured in China. Drawing upon foundational principles outlined in Jesse Schell's book on game design, the exercise is meticulously designed to emulate real-world negotiation dynamics. The integration of game design principles, coupled with positive student feedback, underscores the efficacy of mega-games as potent educational instruments. Through rigorous analysis, the study unveils the profound impact of experiential learning on students' comprehension and application of negotiation techniques. By simulating authentic real-world scenarios, students are empowered to develop critical problem-solving acumen, hone their analytical thinking prowess, and refine their decision-making aptitude. Moreover, the immersive nature of mega-games fosters a dynamic learning environment that transcends traditional pedagogical approaches, fostering a holistic understanding of intricate subject matter. The success of the 谈判 Tánpàn simulation exercise serves as a testament to the potential of mega-games to revolutionize educational paradigms. It signals a burgeoning opportunity to expand the horizons of mega-games across various academic disciplines and participant cohorts. This study advocates for the widespread integration of mega-games as educational resources within Higher Education, championing their capacity to engender profound learning experiences and cultivate essential skills, heralding a new era of dynamic, immersive, and effective educational methodologies in diverse educational settings.

Self-organizing maps of unbiased ligand-target binding pathways and kinetics.

The interpretation of ligand-target interactions at atomistic resolution is central to most efforts in computational drug discovery and optimization. However, the highly dynamic nature of protein targets, as well as possible induced fit effects, makes difficult to sample many interactions effectively with docking studies or even with large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We propose a novel application of Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to address the sampling and dynamic mapping tasks, particularly in cases involving ligand flexibility and induced fit. The SOM approach offers a data-driven strategy to create a map of the interaction process and pathways based on unbiased MD. Furthermore, we show how the preliminary SOM mapping is complementary to kinetic analysis, with the employment of both network-based approaches and Markov state models. We demonstrate the method by comprehensively mapping a large dataset of 640 μs of unbiased trajectories sampling the recognition process between the phosphorylated YEEI peptide and its high-specificity target lck-SH2. The integration of SOM into unbiased simulation protocols significantly advances our understanding of the ligand binding mechanism. This approach serves as a potent tool for mapping intricate ligand-target interactions with unprecedented detail, thereby enhancing the characterization of kinetic properties crucial to drug design.

Historical and theoretical roots of the big events framework

This article traces the evolution of the Big Events framework since it began as an attempt to understand why sociopolitical transitions in the Former Soviet Union, South Africa, and Indonesia were followed by HIV outbreaks. Big Events frameworks have evolved over time, but all versions try to concretize how macrosocial changes lead to social, personal and environmental changes that shape risk environments and drug use or other behavioral patterns in ways that may lead to epidemics. Important stages in the evolution of the Big Events framework included understanding that the sequelae of Big Events were contingent rather than deterministic, and the development of new survey measures to understand pathways through which Big Events affect social and epidemiologic outcomes. On a broader level, the Big Events framework is a useful crystallization and application of more abstract sociological, social epidemiologic and Marxist frameworks about upstream/downstream relationships and how major social changes are related to epidemics. As such, they raise issues of how to conduct research on dialectical interaction processes. On another level, this article traces the Big Events “style of thought” as Mannheim (Mannheim, 1971) termed it, within the historical context of changes in public health and social science theory, particularly during and after the 1960s.

Influence of mesoscale sea‐surface temperature structures on the Mediterranean cyclone Ianos in convection‐permitting simulations: Contributions of surface warming and cold wakes

AbstractThis study examined the influence of mesoscale sea‐surface temperature (SST) structures and warming on the tropical‐like cyclone Ianos. The controlling mechanisms were investigated using a set of sensitivity experiments with the non‐hydrostatic weather research and forecasting model. A simulation forced by a high‐resolution SST field from the mesoscale eddy‐resolving HYCOM reanalysis (CTRLH) performed better than a simulation forced by a coarse‐resolution SST field from Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) in terms of precipitation, wind intensity, and landfall location. The suppression of mesoscale SST variability affected the cyclone's intensity, its path, and associated processes. This effect depends on the nature of the anomalies (cold/warm). The suppression of mesoscale SST forcing intensified wind and precipitation in the presence of cold anomalies, leading to a northwestward shift of the storm's path during its mature phase. The magnitude of these changes varied with the scale of smoothing (mesoscale SST). Compared to the CTRLH simulation, a simulation in which a 60‐km smoothing filter was applied to the SST field resulted in a cyclone centered slightly to the west (or delayed by 3–6 hr), which was further shifted to the west (or delayed) when the smoothing filter was increased to 150 km. The intensification of wind and precipitation may be associated with the reduction in the storm's cold wake, which would lead to enhanced turbulent fluxes and increased atmospheric water vapor. These results highlight the role of small‐scale air–sea interaction processes that could have a strong impact on Mediterranean cyclones' path and intensity.

Graph Convolution Network Combining Spatiotemporal Self-Attention and Mutual Information for Pedestrian-Trajectory Prediction

Accurate pedestrian-trajectory prediction is significant and challenging for intelligent driving. There are two challenges in this field: most existing methods ignore pedestrian–vehicle interaction in the multiple pedestrian and vehicle scenario; and research on interaction modes and objects during the interaction process remains relatively limited in depth and scope. To tackle these challenges, a novel graph convolution network combining spatiotemporal self-attention and mutual information (STSAMI-GCN) is designed for predicting pedestrian trajectories. First, to model the spatiotemporal interaction between pedestrians and vehicles, we build a spatiotemporal graph interaction module that integrates graph convolutional networks and self-attention mechanisms. Second, to filter redundant interactions and optimize feature extraction in the spatiotemporal graph interaction module, a mutual information graph network module is designed as an auxiliary network, which can reduce information redundancy and simplify graph complexity. In addition, to address the problem of propagation and accumulation of prediction errors, we design a trajectory decoder to generate future trajectories. Finally, a suitable dataset for our research scenario is built to validate the proposed model. We also evaluate it on two publicly available datasets. Experimental results show that, in the multiple pedestrian and vehicle scenario, STSAMI-GCN can be used to predict the future trajectories of multiple pedestrians, and to predict socially acceptable future trajectories. Specifically, STSAMI-GCN achieves 0.25 and 0.27 average and final deviation error, respectively, and outperforms various mainstream methods. Furthermore, ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the spatiotemporal dual self-attention mechanism and mutual information graph network in improving pedestrian-trajectory prediction accuracy.

Modeling and detection of false data injection attacks in cyber-physical distribution system with load aggregator interaction

With the increasing number of users and multi-type loads accessing the cyber–physical distribution system (CPDS), the bidirectional interaction between the system becomes more and more frequent. The Load aggregator (LA) also plays an increasingly important role in the interaction process. However, the LA’s high dependence on information and lack of security measures make it vulnerable to attacks, so this paper analyzes the interactive security of the LAs from two points. Considering the game process between the LAs and users from the attacker’s point of view, this paper puts forward an attack strategy aiming cost function of the LAs, establishes a bi-level multi-objective programming attack model of false data injection attacks(FDIAs), and proposes an attack detection method based on the multi-state matching method and improved similar daily data preprocessing generative adversarial network (P-GAN) from the defender’s point of view to defend against the above attack strategy. Furthermore, a hybrid detection mechanism combining event triggering and periodic detection is proposed to ensure response speed and adaptability of detection. The effectiveness of the proposed attack model and the detection method is verified by simulation analysis.

Interethnic communications in the formation and implementation of state information policy

The article examines the problems of interethnic communications in the context of changing state information policy and from the point of view of the increasing impact of mass media on social processes in the world. The author introduces the concept of pseudo-communication used by subjects of the global information space, in particular, within the framework of information confrontation. Analyzing the space of political communication, the author draws attention to its saturation with information noise, verbal aggression, which creates problems and barriers in the process of communication between states. These problems are no less characteristic of interethnic communications, that is, for the processes of interaction with certain ethnic groups or between them. Noting the growth of the ethnic factor in modern political processes, the author calls for taking into account the range of problems inherent in interethnic communications at the present stage of their development, in the formation and practical implementation of the state information policy, which should respond to the needs and interests of society, taking into account the cultural and ethnic diversity of its representatives.

Interfacial interactions between colloidal polystyrene microplastics and Cu in aqueous solution and saturated porous media: Model fitting and mechanism analysis

Microplastic (MP) and heavy metal pollution have received much attention. Few researches have been carried out on the influence of the interaction between MPs and heavy metals on their transport in saturated porous media, which concerns their fate. Therefore, the interaction mechanisms between colloidal polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) and Cu were first carried out by applying batch adsorption experiments. Subsequently, the transport and retention of PSMPs and Cu in saturated porous media was explored through column experiments. The interaction process between PSMPs and Cu was further investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Findings demonstrated that PSMPs had strong adsorption capacity for Cu ((60.07 ± 2.57) mg g−1 at pH 7 and ionic strength 0 M) and the adsorption process was chemically dominated, non-uniform, and endothermic. The O-containing functional groups on PSMP surfaces showed essential roles in Cu adsorption, and the adsorption process mainly contained electrostatic and complexation interactions. In column experiments, Cu could inhibit PSMP transport by the cation bridging effect and changing the electrical properties of glass beads, while PSMPs may facilitate Cu transport through the carrying effect. These findings confirmed that interfacial interactions between MPs and Cu could influence their transport in saturated porous media directly, providing great environmental significance.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Berbantukan Media Wordwall Game Kelas 5 SD Santo Yoseph 1 Medan

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education for 5th-grade students at SD Santo Yoseph 1 Medan through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model supported by the interactive media Wordwall Game. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles, with each cycle comprising planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collection was carried out through learning outcome tests, observation, and documentation. The results indicate an improvement in student learning outcomes from Cycle 1 to Cycle 2. In Cycle 1, the average student score was 81.5, while in Cycle 2, it increased to 91. The application of the PBL model with the Wordwall Game media proved to be effective in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes. This improvement was driven by a more engaging and interactive learning process, as well as the students' ability to think critically and solve problems. Therefore, the PBL model with the support of Wordwall Game can be widely implemented to improve learning quality.

Development of a communicative BIPA digital dictionary featuring Central Javanese cuisine for American students

This study aims to develop a communicative BIPA (Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers) digital dictionary featuring traditional Central Javanese cuisine for students in the United States. The dictionary is expected to introduce Indonesian local culture through Indonesian language learning. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The data collection phase involved 32 BIPA students in the United States, using instruments such as open-ended questionnaires, validation sheets, and observations. The results of the study showed that 87.5% of students experienced a significant improvement in their culinary vocabulary mastery after using the developed digital dictionary. Expert validation indicated that the digital dictionary has a validity level of 93% in terms of content, 91% in terms of media, and 95% in terms of pedagogy. In conclusion, this communicative BIPA digital dictionary featuring traditional Central Javanese cuisine is effective in enhancing vocabulary mastery and understanding of local culture for BIPA students in the United States. The use of this dictionary can support a more interactive and contextual learning process and reduce cultural barriers for students who will interact with communities in Central Java.

Creating Future Stations: The Application of Large Generative Models in Metro Design

New technologies, including the use of generative models, are beginning to actively influence design decisions in the decoration of metro stations. The study of the possibilities of using generative artificial intelligence as an art design tool in the decoration of metro stations is relevant, because it can significantly accelerate the design process, reducing time and labour costs for the development and optimization of projects. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the process of interaction between the designer and software and hardware of large generative models is considered in detail on the example of designing the interior of a metro station on the theme “ocean”.The problem of creation of original design project in conditions of generative models at the moment is not solvable without direct control on the part of a human, as this technology, for lack of human perception, first of all orientate on expressive means contained in training databases. Therefore, when designing metro stations using generative models, images generated through text often lose the semantic and emotional meanings that the designer put into them. As a result, the generated design project does not fully conform to the designer’s intent and requires further manual adjustment and optimization. Thus, as long as there is a need for conscious and purposeful communication of ideas and feelings through art and design, the problem of endowing a work with meaning using generative models will require human involvement.At the same time, it should be noted that in the artist’s work, the use of generative pre-trained transformers is manifested in the ability to easily create realistic visual effects, to execute images in different styles, focusing on the creative individual manner of famous masters, and to improve design ideas. The advantage of this technology is that it can reduce the designer’s workload while improving the efficiency and accuracy of the design.