Interaction Of Various Agents Research Articles

Development of a multi-loop security system of information interactions in socio-cyberphysical systems

The object of the study is a multi-loop security system of information interactions in socio-cyberphysical systems. The dynamic nature of physical environments inherently challenges the ability of socio-cyber-physical systems to perform adequate control actions for physical assets in many contexts. However, adaptation and evolution actions must be evaluated before implementation in the control system to ensure fault tolerance while minimizing risks. Therefore, the design of socio-cyber-physical systems must ensure not only reliable autonomy, but also operational fault tolerance and safety. The proposed approach is based on the integration of targeted (mixed) threats based on the synthesis of technical cyber threats with social engineering methods. This approach allows forming a dynamic security model based on the analysis of the interaction of various agents in socio-cyberphysical systems, which makes it possible to increase the level of counteraction to targeted (mixed) cyber threats. The results of modeling are based on the proposed classification of threats using social engineering methods, which allows cyberattackers to ensure the probability of implementing targeted threats up to 95–98 %. The proposed classification of threats based on social engineering methods will allow forming an additional parameter for the objectivity of target threats, taking into account their integration and synergy. At the same time, the presented model will make it possible to timely provide knowledge about the possibility of implementing a targeted attack and timely take preventive countermeasures. This approach will improve the set of protection measures, as well as promptly create an increase in the level of resistance of the company's personnel (organization, enterprise, etc.) to threats of social engineering

Development of a method for assessing forecast of social impact in regional communities

The development of the social aspect of the world community is closely related to the expansion of the range of digital services in cyberspace. A special place in which social networks occupy. The world's leading states are conducting information operations in this environment to achieve geopolitical goals. Such processes are reflected in real social and political life. This makes it possible to influence not only the social groups of society, but also to ensure manipulation in political "games" in the conduct of hybrid wars. The simultaneous interaction of social factors, influencing factors, the presence of communities in social networks forms a full-fledged socio-cyber-physical system capable of integrating real and virtual interactions to manage regional communities. The article proposes a method for predicting the assessment of social mutual influence between “formal” and “informal” leaders and regional societies. The proposed models make it possible to form not only a forecast of the influence of agents, but also the interaction of various agents, taking into account their formal and informal influences, the use of administrative resources, political moods of the regional society. This approach allows dynamic modeling based on impact and relationship analysis. The presented results of simulation modeling do not contradict the results of opinion polls and make it possible to form a set of measures that can be aimed at overcoming the negative impact on the regional society of both individual “leaders” and political parties. Analysis of the simulation results allows to increase both the political and social stability of the regional society, helps to prevent conflict moods and contradictions.

A Qualitative Study of Antibiotic Stewardship Implementation at Arizona Skilled Nursing Facilities

Background: The CDC Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship (AS) include 7 evidence-based best practices adapted for a variety of healthcare settings, including nursing homes. We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators related to AS implementation in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) within 18 months of the CMS mandate for AS implementation in SNFs, and to examine their relevance to the CDC’s Core Elements for Nursing Homes. Methods: We conducted 56 semistructured interviews with administrators, clinicians, and nonclinical staff at 10 SNFs in urban, suburban, rural, and border regions of Arizona. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into NVivo v12.0 software for constant comparative analysis by 3 researchers using a priori and emergent codes. After iterative coding, we confirmed high interrater reliability (κ = 0.8), finalized the code book, and used matrix coding queries to examine relationships and generate themes. Results: We identified 7 themes as “influencers” that were less (barrier) or more (facilitator) supportive of AS in SNFs. Intra- and interfacility communication were the most frequently described: respondents described stronger communication within the SNF and between the SNF and hospitals, labs, and pharmacies as critical to robust AS implementation. Other influencers included AS education, antibiotic tracking systems, SNF prescribing norms, human resources, and diagnostic resources. The Core Elements were reflected in all influencer themes except interfacility communication between SNFs and hospitals. Additionally, themes pertaining to systems emerged as critical to successful AS implementation, including the need to address: the interactions of multiple roles across the traditional SNF hierarchy, stewardship barriers from the lens of patient-level concerns (as opposed to population-level concerns), the distinction between antibiotic prescribing gatekeepers and stewardship gatekeepers, and care transition policies and practices. The Core Elements target many aspects of these systems themes—for example, they recognize the importance of creating a culture of stewardship. However, they do not address care transition policies or procedures beyond recommending that transfer-initiated antibiotics be tracked and verified. Conclusions: Because the interactions of various agents within and beyond the SNF can facilitate or inhibit stewardship in complex ways, our findings suggest the use of a systems approach to AS implementation that prioritizes communication within the SNF hierarchy, and between SNFs and hospitals, diagnostic facilities, and pharmacies. When followed, the CDC’s Core Elements can provide crucial guidance. However, SNFs need support to overcome the challenges of incorporating these elements into policy and practice. Additionally, more work is needed to understand and enhance stewardship-related care transition, which remains under-addressed by the CDC.Disclosures: NoneFunding: None

UNMANNED VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY CLUSTERING. PART 1. VEHICLE MOVEMENT MODEL

A control system for ground unmanned vehicles is presented, using fuzzy clustering methods for making decisions at an individual level. A new approach to the management of ground unmanned vehicles has been developed, taking into account the state of vehicles in a dense traffic, in particular, the presence of road accidents, the appearance of traffic congestion (high density clusters), etc. An important advantage of this approach is the description of the rules for the interaction of various agents with each other and the external environment within the framework of the final decision-making system of individual agents without the need for a complex computational procedure for identifying the potentials of various forces of the system as a whole. In particular, such rules can be described using systems of differential equations with a variable structure, taking into account all the variety of possible interactions and collisions (potential collisions) between different (moving or stationary) objects. A key feature of the proposed model is the use of the concept of the radius of the agent’s personal space, which explains the effects of turbulence and crush. In this case, the radius of the agent’s personal space is a function of the density of vehicles. As a result, a model of unmanned vehicle movement is developed.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE MULTI-AGENT APPROACH APPLICATION TO THE FORMATION, EXPERT LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE CORPUS OF NEWS TEXTS

The development of automated information systems for evaluating electronic media is becoming increasingly important due to the exponential increase in the volume of information in the world. Since mass communication is a complex interactive process that involves the active interaction of various agents participating in the process, a qualitative assessment of the news space involves the use of a multi-agent approach to take into account the opinions and respect the parity of all stakeholders in the mass communication process. Based on the results of the survey, thematic news areas of interest to certain categories of society were identified.Thematic areas that the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan considered socially significant, thematic areas were identified that have 4 types of media impact on sustainable personal development. The article describes the methodological aspects of the implementation of a multi-agent approach to working with the corpus of news texts in the development of information technologies and systems to stimulate sustainable development of the individual.

Understanding the development trends of big data technologies: an analysis of patents and the cited scholarly works

Big data innovation is a key instrument for economic and social development and for the creation of new business opportunities. This study analyzes the patenting activities of global jurisdictions in the field of big data; as well as the scholarly cited works. We collected 13,112 patent applications between 1992 and 2019, and 642 cited scholarly works by the patents. Our findings report on the development trends in big data technologies, as well as on the link between patenting activities and the cited scientific works. It also analyzes and visualizes the social networks embedded in patents and the cited scientific works; thus, it reveals the patenting activities of global jurisdictions on big data technologies, the strength of the interaction of various agents, such as inventors and applicants within social networks, and the link between patents and the scientific world. This study shows that most of the big data patent applications filed fall within the IPC category of information retrieval, database structures, and file system structures. The majority of the applicants and inventors of the patents filed are Chinese companies and individuals. Scientific fields with stronger connections within the network of co-fields are computer science and medicine. There is a weak link between inventions and scientific works.

A Short Review of Biochemical Mechanisms in Iminodipropionitrile-Induced Movement Disorder

Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) is a synthetic nitrile that produces permanent behavioral syndrome characterized by repetitive head movements, circling and back walking in rodents. Other synthetic nitriles of industrial importance such as crotonitrile and allylnitrile are also able to produce similar motor deficits in experimental animals. Among these nitriles, IDPN has been recognized as a prototype nitrile to be used as a positive control for behavioral testing battery. Due to the well-defined behavioral deficits and their easy quantification, IDPN-induced behavioral syndrome is a preferential animal model to test the interaction of various agents with synthetic nitriles. The mechanism of IDPN-induced dyskinesia is multifactorial. This short review focuses on the roles of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of IDPN-induced neurotoxicity and behavioral deficits.

The Determinants of the Development of the Russian Assistive Technologies Market in the Context of the Interaction of Various Groups of Agents

This study identifies the key determinants of the development of the assistive technologies market in Russia and the trends that are expected to determine the dynamics of the Russian market over the next 10-15 years. Based on an analysis of international research experience and data obtained from in-depth interviews with Russian experts in areas associated with assistive technologies and devices (ATD, or technical rehabilitation aids (TRA)) (such as the manufacturers of assistive devices, representatives of the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise, representatives of disabled people's organizations and policy makers dealing with the issues related to the social support of disabled people), the key determinants of the market have been classified into demographic, economic, political, social, technological, and infrastructural. The study of the determinants and trends is implemented in the context of their impact on the supply and demand for ATD, taking into account the fact that for various groups of the population demands are determined by different needs (from the desire for social inclusion to the desire to be independent) and the fact that supply of different types of assistive devices may be affected by various groups of factors. The interaction of various agents operating in the ATD market in Russia is analyzed within the theoretical framework of Porter's five forces.

Multi-agent Transit Operations and Assignment Model

Transit systems exercise complex dynamics and evolve through the interaction of various agents. The analysis of transit performance requires emulating the dynamic loading of travellers and their interaction with the underlying transit system. Multi-agent simulations aim to mimic the emergence of global spontaneous order from numerous inter-dependent local decisions. This paper presents a framework for a multi-agent transit operations and assignment model which captures supply uncertainties and adaptive user decisions. An iterative day-to-day learning process consisting of a within-day dynamic network loading loop simulates the interaction between transit supply and demand. The model requires the development and integration of several modules including traffic simulation, transit operations and control, dynamic path choice model and real-time information generator. BusMezzo, a transit simulation model, is used as the platform for implementation.

N-nitro-l-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aggravates iminodipropionitrile-induced neurobehavioral and vestibular toxicities in rats

Exposure of iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to rodents produces permanent behavioral syndrome characterized by repetitive head movements, circling and back walking. Other synthetic nitriles of industrial importance such as crotonitrile and allylnitrile are also able to produce similar motor deficits in experimental animals. However, due to the well-defined behavioral deficits and their easy quantification, IDPN-induced behavioral syndrome is a preferential animal model to test the interaction of various agents with synthetic nitriles. This study reports the effect of non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (NARG) on IDPN-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Four groups of animals were given i.p. injections of IDPN (100 mg/kg) for 6 days. These rats were treated with oral administration of NARG in the doses of 0 (IDPN alone group), 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg, 60 min before IDPN, respectively. Control rats received vehicle only, whereas another group was treated with 300 mg/kg of NARG alone (without IDPN). The results showed that NARG significantly exacerbated the incidence and intensity of IDPN-induced dyskinetic head movements, circling and back walking. The histology of inner ear showed massive degeneration of the sensory hair cells in the crista ampullaris of rats receiving the combined treatment with IDPN and NARG, suggesting a possible role of nitric oxide in IDPN-induced neurobehavioral syndrome in rats.

A Dynamic Model of Sponsored Search Advertising

Sponsored search advertising is ascendant—Forrester Research reports expenditures rose 28% in 2007 to $8.1 billion and will continue to rise at a 26% compound annual growth rate [VanBoskirk, S. 2007. U.S. interactive marketing forecast, 2007 to 2012. Forrester Research (October 10)], approaching half the level of television advertising and making sponsored search one of the major advertising trends to affect the marketing landscape. Yet little empirical research exists to explore how the interaction of various agents (searchers, advertisers, and the search engine) in keyword markets affects consumer welfare and firm profits. The dynamic structural model we propose serves as a foundation to explore these outcomes. We fit this model to a proprietary data set provided by an anonymous search engine. These data include consumer search and clicking behavior, advertiser bidding behavior, and search engine information such as keyword pricing and website design. With respect to advertisers, we find evidence of dynamic bidding behavior. Advertiser value for clicks on their links averages about 26 cents. Given the typical $22 retail price of the software products advertised on the considered search engine, this implies a conversion rate (sales per click) of about 1.2%, well within common estimates of 1%–2% [Narcisse, E. 2007. Magid: Casual free to pay conversion rate too low. GameDaily.com (September 20)]. With respect to consumers, we find that frequent clickers place a greater emphasis on the position of the sponsored advertising link. We further find that about 10% of consumers do 90% of the clicks. We then conduct several policy simulations to illustrate the effects of changes in search engine policy. First, we find the search engine obtains revenue gains of 1% by sharing individual-level information with advertisers and enabling them to vary their bids by consumer segment. This also improves advertiser revenue by 6% and consumer welfare by 1.6%. Second, we find that a switch from a first- to second-price auction results in truth telling (advertiser bids rise to advertiser valuations). However, the second-price auction has little impact on search engine profits. Third, consumer search tools lead to a platform revenue increase of 2.9% and an increase of consumer welfare by 3.8%. However, these tools, by reducing advertising exposures, lower advertiser profits by 2.1%.

Subjective Diversity and Social Learning: A Cognitive Perspective for Understanding Institutional Behavior

This paper deals with a controversial problem in the economics of institutions: how do regularities emerge and evolve out of the social interaction of various agents? Referring to arguments developed in a previous work (Rizzello and Turvani 2000) in which the Austrian Economics' views about the spontaneous emergence of institutions is connected to and enriched by recent findings in the cognitive sciences, the authors here extend the institutional-cognitive approach by incorporating the social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura. Accordingly, rather than being described as ‘instruments’ for social coordination, institutions are depicted as ‘structures’ emerging from the subjective process of generation of knowledge within a social context. Institutional behavior, its emergence and evolution is thus anchored to the mechanisms creating subjective diversity and those producing social learning.

Molecular control of human papillomavirus RNA expression in neoplasia.

Animal and animal-derived (cell culture) models have been used to study diverse classes of chemical carcinogens relevant to humans. Furthermore, the interaction of various agents has resulted in cocarcinogenesis as well as anticarcinogenesis. Unfortunately, parallell studies utilizing human cells have been of limited value. Single carcinogenic agents, such as benzo[a]pyene (16), SV-40 (15) and radiation (8) have immortalized normal human cells, but, progression to malignancy did not occur. As a result, human cancer has been investigated primarily with epidemiologic studies.

A method to measure interactions of various agents and ethanol on behavioral performance in rats.

Summary1. A method, employing a continuous avoidance-type behavioral performance schedule in adult male rats, to measure the effects of test agents on ethanol-induced changes in animal performance is described. 2. The test measures discriminatory, drug-ethanol interactions on avoidance behavior, but the number of shocks not terminated was, overall, the most useful parameter to quantify the influence of a test agent on performance in ethanol-treated rats. This effect was calculated as a percentage value and termed “rideouts.” 3. Of the test agents examined in this model those involved in metabolism were the most active inhibitors (e.g., DL-threonine, D-fructose, sodium pyruvate, L-methionine, and DL-glutamine).