Abstract
Animal and animal-derived (cell culture) models have been used to study diverse classes of chemical carcinogens relevant to humans. Furthermore, the interaction of various agents has resulted in cocarcinogenesis as well as anticarcinogenesis. Unfortunately, parallell studies utilizing human cells have been of limited value. Single carcinogenic agents, such as benzo[a]pyene (16), SV-40 (15) and radiation (8) have immortalized normal human cells, but, progression to malignancy did not occur. As a result, human cancer has been investigated primarily with epidemiologic studies.
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