State Interactions Research Articles

The effect of self‐control on impulsive consumption with the moderators of family socioeconomic status and peer feedback

AbstractTo better understand the relationship between self‐control and impulsive consumption in different conditions of family SES and peer feedback among Chinese college students, we conducted longitudinal and experimental studies. In Study 1, a total of 326 participants completed the Chinese Consumer Impulsive Purchase Tendency Scale, the Chinese Self‐Control Scale and two types of family SES indicators. The results indicated that trait self‐control negatively predicts impulsive consumption tendency, with this effect being stronger in high family SES conditions compared to low family SES conditions. In Study 2, we recruited 148 participants who completed the Stroop task, the simulation method of peer feedback, the Impulsive Consumption Tendency Scale and the Impulsive Consumption Behaviour Scale. The findings revealed that the interaction of state self‐control and peer feedback has an impact on impulsive consumption. Specifically, when receiving rational peer feedback, participants with high‐state self‐control (i.e., in non–ego‐depletion condition) exhibited a weaker impulsive consumption tendency than those with low‐state self‐control (i.e., in ego‐depletion condition). Therefore, our study demonstrates the relationship between self‐control and impulsive consumption, as well as the moderative effects of family SES and peer feedback.

Improved Gynecomastia Surgery: Power-Assisted Liposuction With Stab-Flatten Technique Without Resection.

Gynecomastia, the enlargement of male breast tissue, significantly impacts both physical and psychological health. Surgical intervention is often necessary, utilizing various techniques to reduce glandular and fatty tissue. This paper introduces an innovative surgical method combining power-assisted liposuction with the stab-flatten technique to enhance precision and cosmetic results. We present our clinical experience and evaluate its effectiveness in gynecomastia treatment. From June 2021 to January 2023, 128 gynecomastia patients underwent power-assisted liposuction and the stab-flatten method via a single axillary incision. We collected demographic and clinical data, including surgery duration, complications, and patient satisfaction regarding physical appearance, mental state, and social interactions. The BODY-Q questionnaire was used preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively for assessment. The study included 128 male patients, treating 252 breasts, with an average age of 35 years and a mean BMI of 27.7kg/m2. Most procedures were bilateral (96.9%), with an average fat removal of 224.5mL and a surgery duration of 147 minutes. The complication rate was low at 2.0%, with bruises in 5 breasts. The average hospital stay was 2 days. Significant improvements were noted in BODY-Q scores for appearance satisfaction and health-related quality of life, with increased appearance satisfaction and reduced appearance-related distress. Since June 2021, the combined use of power-assisted liposuction and the stab-flatten technique has been effective in managing gynecomastia. This synergistic approach not only achieves aesthetically pleasing outcomes but also minimizes the surgical risks associated with traditional methods.

Mechanisms of Separation of the Elastic Step and the Thermal Step

AbstractThe elastic interaction causes a two‐step conversion from the low‐spin (LS) to the high‐spin state (HS) following a femtosecond laser pulse excitation. These steps occur on different timescales: a spin conversion (elastic step) in a short time due to pressure propagation and a late spin conversion (thermal step) resulting from heat diffusion. In this paper, we provide a brief review of models for spin crossover phenomena, emphasizing the role of the difference of degeneracy of the HS state and LS state and elastic interaction due to changes in local structures. We also review theoretical approaches to these effects. Additionally, to analyze the dynamical process of spin conversion after photo‐irradiation, it is necessary to consider mechanisms of heat transfer among spins. Recently, we proposed a two‐temperature model that incorporates both lattice and spin temperatures, which enables us to reproduce the two steps under an early uniformization of the lattice temperature, highlighting the importance of the timescales of these processes. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms to separate the two steps by examining the different timescales of processes of spin conversions by mechanical and entropic forces, and also by considering changes of local temperature due to spin conversion.

Hadronic rescattering to solve the helicity puzzle in B+→pp¯π+(K+) decays

We explore the contribution of hadronic final state interactions (FSI) to propose a production mechanism and interpret the puzzle on helicity angle distributions in B+→pp¯π+ and B+→pp¯K+ decays. Experimental results indicate opposite helicity angle θp distributions in those two channels with the difference presenting a remarkable linear dependence on cosθp. We assume the production mechanism is driven by B+→xym+→pp¯m+, where m=π or K, and xy represents favorable mesonic decay channels producing pp¯. We develop a model that includes a three-body final state interaction between the p,p¯, and π+ or K+ considering the dominance of elastic channels π+p and K+p¯ interactions below 2 GeV/c2. Our three-body framework with FSI explains qualitatively the observed opposite behavior of the helicity distributions and the observed linearity. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Resonant Vibrational Enhancement of Downhill Energy Transfer in the C-Phycocyanin Chromophore Dimer.

Energy transfer between electronically coupled photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna pigments is frequently assisted by protein and chromophore nuclear motion. This energy transfer mechanism usually occurs in the weak or intermediate system-bath coupling regime. Redfield theory is frequently used to describe the energy transfer in this regime. Spectral densities describe vibronic coupling in visible transitions of the chromophores and govern energy transfer in the Redfield mechanism. In this work, we perform finely sampled broadband pump-probe spectroscopy on the phycobilisome antenna complex with sub-10-fs pump and probe pulses. The spectral density obtained by Fourier transforming the pump-probe time-domain signal is used to perform modified Redfield rate calculations to check for vibrational enhancement of energy transfer in a coupled chromophore dimer in the C-phycocyanin protein of the phycobilisome antenna. We find two low-frequency vibrations to be in near-resonance with the interexcitonic energy gap and a few-fold enhancement in the interexcitonic energy transfer rate due to these resonances at room temperature. Our observations and calculations explain the fast downhill energy transfer process in C-phycocyanin. We also observe high-frequency vibrations involving chromophore-protein residue interactions in the excited state of the phycocyanobilin chromophore. We suggest that these vibrations lock the chromophore nuclear configuration of the excited state and prevent the energetic relaxation that blocks energy transfer.

Discovery of superconductivity and electron-phonon drag in the non-centrosymmetric Weyl semimetal LaRhGe3

We present an exploration of the effect of electron-phonon coupling and broken inversion symmetry on the electronic and thermal properties of the semimetal LaRhGe3. Our transport measurements reveal evidence for electron-hole compensation at low temperatures, resulting in a large magnetoresistance of 3000% at 1.8 K and 14 T. The carrier concentration is on the order of 1021/cm3 with high carrier mobilities of 2000 cm2/Vs. When coupled to our theoretical demonstration of symmetry-protected almost movable Weyl nodal lines, we conclude that LaRhGe3 supports a Weyl semimetallic state. We discover superconductivity in this compound with a Tc of 0.39(1) K and Bc(0) of 2.2(1) mT, with evidence from specific heat and transverse-field muon spin relaxation. We find an exponential dependence in the normal state electrical resistivity below ~50 K, while Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity measurements each reveal a prominent peak at low temperatures, indicative of strong electron-phonon interactions. To this end, we examine the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of LaRhGe3 and find that the lifetime of the lowest energy A1 phonon is dominated by phonon-electron scattering instead of anharmonic decay. We conclude that LaRhGe3 has strong electron-phonon coupling in the normal state, while the superconductivity emerges from weak electron-phonon coupling. These results open up the investigation of electron-phonon interactions in the normal state of superconducting non-centrosymmetric Weyl semimetals.

π+π− Coulomb interaction study and its use in data processing

In this work, the Coulomb effects (Coulomb correlations) in π+π− pairs produced in p+Ni collisions at 24 GeV/c, are studied using experimental π+π− pair distributions in Q, the relative momentum in the pair center-of-mass system (c.m.s.), and its projections QL (longitudinal component) and Qt (transverse component) relative to the pair direction in the laboratory system (LS). The major part of the pion pairs (“Coulomb pairs”) is produced in the decay of ρ, ω and Δ resonances and other short-lived sources. In these pairs, the significant Coulomb interaction occurs at small Q, dominating the π+π− interaction in the final state. The minor part of the pairs (“non-Coulomb pairs”) is produced if one or both pions arose from long-lived sources like η,η′ or from different interactions. In this case, the final state interaction is practically absent. The Q, QL, and Qt distributions of the Coulomb pairs in the c.m.s. have been simulated assuming they are described by the phase space modified by the known point-like Coulomb correlation function AC(Q), corrected for small effects due to the nonpointlike pair production and the strong two-pion interaction. The same distributions of non-Coulomb pairs have been simulated according to the phase space, but without AC(Q). In all Qt intervals, the experimental QL spectrum shows a peak around QL=0 caused by the Coulomb final state interaction. The full width at half maximum increases with Qt from 3 MeV/c for 0<Qt<0.25 MeV/c to 11 MeV/c for 4.0<Qt<5.0 MeV/c. The experimental QL distributions have been fitted with two free parameters: the fraction of Coulomb pairs and the normalization constant. The precision of the description of these distributions is better than 2% in Qt intervals 2–3, 3–4, and 4–5 MeV/c and better than 0.5% in the total Qt interval 0–5 MeV/c. It is shown that the number of Coulomb pairs in all Qt intervals, including the small Qt (small opening angles θ in the LS) is calculated with theoretical precision better than 2%. The comparison of the simulated and experimental numbers of Coulomb pairs at small Qt allows us to check and correct the detection efficiency for the pairs with small θ (0.06 mrad and smaller). It is shown that Coulomb pairs can be used as a new physical tool to check and correct the quality of the simulated events. The special property of the Coulomb pairs is the possibility of checking and correcting the detection efficiency, especially for the pairs with small opening angles. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Benchmarking the non-flow contributions to the elliptic flow parameter (v2) in proton-proton collisions

Abstract This manuscript reports on the elliptic flow parameter, v 2 , in proton-proton (p–p) collisions using PYTHIA8 event generator simulations. The typical event plane (EP) method v 2 (EP) as the one used for the real data analysis has been adopted to measure the v 2 of particles composed of different quark flavors, and produced at mid-pseudorapidity ∣η∣≤1 at center-of-mass energy s = 200 GeV and s = 13 TeV. The event plane has been constructed using the soft-charged particles with transverse momentum ( p T < 2 GeV/c) produced in various η ranges. The pseudorapidity gap technique (Δη) between the particle of interest and the soft charged particles contributed to the event plane constructions has been utilized to benchmark the non-flow contributions. The v 2 π ± , π 0 , v 2 J ∕ ψ , ϒ , K , D , B , and the v 2 γ dir show similar pattern dependence on the transverse momentum for the same Δη, at both s = 200 GeV and s = 13 TeV. At each center-of-mass energy, the measured v 2 shows obvious dependence on the quark flavor contents where v 2 γ dir ≤ v 2 J ∕ ψ , ϒ , K , D , B ≤ v 2 π ± , π 0 for similar Δη gap. The measured v 2 shows slightly higher values at smaller s for particles of similar values of Δη gaps, particularly at small Δη gap. The measured v 2 for all particles shows systematic decreases with increasing the Δη gap as expected from the previous experimental results. Because PYTHIA8 simulations do not incorporate final state interactions, the v 2 ( EP ) values reported here primarily reflect the non-flow contributions and its dependence on the quark contents, pseudorapidity gap as a function on p T at each center of mass–energy. These contributions should be carefully subtracted from the signal in real data analysis that employs the same event plane determination algorithm.

Prediction of Successful Amorphous Solid Dispersion Pairs through Liquid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) function in part via a "parachute effect", i.e., polymer-enabled prolonged drug supersaturation, presumably through drug-polymer interactions in the liquid state. We aim to expand the utility of liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) to streamline polymer selection for ASDs. Our hypothesis is that strong molecular interactions between polymer and drug in 1HNMR anticipate reduced precipitation kinetics in supersaturation studies. For three drug-polymer pairs (i.e., etravirine with each HPMC, HPMCAS-M, and PVP-VA), 1HNMR findings were compared to more common supersaturation studies. Drug-polymer interactions were assessed by saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) and T1 relaxation time. 2D-1H NOESY experiments were also performed. Supersaturation studies involved precipitation inhibition using the solvent-shift methodology. The results from STD-NMR and T1 relaxation time indicate etravirine bound preferably to HPMCAS-M > HPMC ≫ PVP-VA. STD-NMR and T1 relaxation time yielded insight into which fragments of etravirine structure bind with HPMCAS-M and HPMC. The strong interactions from STD-NMR and T1 relaxation time changes indicated that HPMCAS-M and HPMC, but not PVP-VA, are suitable polymers to maintain etravirine supersaturation and inhibit drug precipitation. 2D-1H NOESY results corroborate the findings of STD-NMR and T1 relaxation time, showing that etravirine interacts preferably to HPMCAS-M than to PVP-VA. Supersaturation studies using solvent-shift technique corroborated our hypothesis as predissolved HPMCAS-M and HPMC, but to a less extent PVP-VA, markedly promoted etravirine supersaturation and inhibited drug precipitation. Supersaturation studies agreed with STD-NMR and T1 relaxation time predictions, as HPMC and HPMCAS-M maintained etravirine in solution for longer time than PVP-VA. The results show promise of 1HNMR to streamline polymer selection in a nondestructive and resource sparing fashion for subsequent ASD development.

Modulation of cardiac autonomic activity across consciousness states and levels of sleep depth in individuals with sleep complaints and bipolar disorder or unipolar depressive disorders

ObjectiveAutonomic nervous system dysfunction and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) often co-exist with mood disorders, a phenomenon likely influenced by sleep disturbances. This study investigated heart rate (HR) and HRV across wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep in individuals with sleep complaints and bipolar or unipolar depressive disorder. MethodsPolysomnographic data was retrospectively collated for 120 adult patients with sleep complaints and depressive symptoms [60 diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 60 diagnosed with a unipolar depressive disorder], and 60 healthy controls. HR and time-based HRV variables were computed on 30-s segments and averaged across the night for wake, NREM and REM sleep. ResultsSignificant group by consciousness state interactions showed that the unipolar and bipolar groups had lower standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals root mean square of successive R-R interval differences compared to controls during NREM and REM sleep, but not during wake (SDNN: F(4, 330) = 3.0, p = .021, np2 = 0.035; RMSSD: F(4, 332) = 5.8, p < .001, np2 = 0.065). The magnitude of these group differences did not vary significantly between NREM 1, NREM 2 and NREM 3 sleep. These interactions persisted after excluding individuals taking 3rd generation antipsychotic, lithium, anticonvulsant, and cardiovascular medications. ConclusionAlthough further work is required to account for the impact of psychotropic and cardiac medications, as well as manic and euthymic states, these findings suggest that the sleep-based autonomic signature of depressive states differs across different types of mood disorders and could potentially inform the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Effects of final state interactions on Landau singularities

In certain kinematic and particle mass configurations, triangle singularities may lead to line-shapes which mimic the effects of resonances. This well-known effect is scrutinized here in the presence of final-state rescattering. The goal is achieved first by utilizing general arguments provided by Landau equations, and second by applying a modern scattering formalism with explicit two- and three-body unitarity.

Exploring Charge Transfer Mechanisms in Schiff Base‐Modified N‐Doped GQDs: Insights from DFT and Pump‐Probe Spectroscopy for Bioimaging Applications

AbstractIn recent developments, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as valuable tools for imaging and biosensing. Various modifications on the GQDs with any desired functionality and attachment of organic molecules and/or nanostructures allow tuning their photophysical properties as well as charge transfer dynamics for bioimaging applications. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing of polyethyleneimine‐functionalized nitrogen‐doped GQDs (NC1), Schiff base‐ functionalized nitrogen‐doped GQDs (NC2), and silver nanocomposites of these Schiff base‐functionalized nitrogen‐doped GQDs (NC3). We explore their absorption and emission properties to understand their interactions in the ground state. Furthermore, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal that the presence of NC3 shortens the excited state lifetime of NC1 due to charge transfer, resulting in reduced fluorescence intensity. Both experimental and DFT results suggest the potential of NC3 for bioimaging and sensing applications, making them promising candidates for phototheranostic purposes.

Face-to-Face Gold Porphyrins.

The interaction of square-planar metal complexes through space is of fundamental interest and relevant for the potential cooperative catalysis of two metal complex sites. In order to elucidate gold/gold, gold/porphyrin, and porphyrin/porphyrin interactions in the formal oxidation states +III and +II (after reduction) and in the excited triplet state after light excitation, a Pacman bis(gold(III)) complex [Au2(DPD)][PF6]2 with square-planar face-to-face gold(porphyrin) moieties has been prepared and characterized. Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR spectroscopy on [Au2(DPD)]n+ and a mononuclear reference are complemented by DFT and TDDFT calculations.

Silk Fibroin/Poly(1,4-Butylene Succinate) Composite with Improved Thermostability and Cytocompatibility

This paper describes our research on a facile and effective approach to fabricate novel silk fibroin/poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (SF/PBS) composites for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectra (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the morphology, chemical structure, crystalline state, thermostability and possible interactions of SF with PBS for the SF/PBS composites. In addition, the determinations of the EC109 cell viability was also been completed to explore the influence of SF/PBS mass ratio on cytocompatibility. Because of the composite of SF with the PBS, the thermostability and cell viability of the SF/PBS composites were higher than those of neat SF material. However, SF did not chemically react with PMMA during the formation of the composite, and SF hardly interacts with PBS in the composite.

Supramolecular Interactions as Key in Racemic Resolution: New Insights into the (SSi)‐ and (RSi)‐Diastereomers of (1R,2S,5R)‐Methyl(1‐naphthyl)‐phenylmenthoxysilane of Sommer

AbstractA highly selective approach with high yields of two diastereomeric silicon‐stereogenic menthoxysilanes, (RSi)‐3 and (SSi)‐3, introduced by Sommer et al., could be established as well as investigated in detail using different analytical tools. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis was used to examine the different crystallization rates while Hirshfeld surface analysis was applied to extend supramolecular interactions in the solid state which showed stronger hydrogen bridges for the faster crystallizing diastereomer (SSi)‐3. In addition, similar ground‐state energies haven been found for both diastereomers by DFT calculations. Subsequent NMR studies showed stable Si‐configurations wherein epimerization only started after more than 4 hours at 110 °C. Access to both diastereomers with opposite configuration at the stereogenic silicon center is achievable in high yields and high stereochemical purity using only naturally occurring (−)‐menthol as a reagent.

DFT and EPR Study of Spin Excitations in Oxidized Thiophene-Based Conjugated Oligomers

Comparison of data obtained using the density functional theory (DFT) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method made it possible to establish the composition and state of spin charge carries in the poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) oligomers. The coexistence of several polarons on the P3AT chain, the properties of which are governed by the structure of the substituents, is identified. All terms of the spin Hamiltonians of different oligomers were obtained, and their high-resolution EPR spectra were calculated. The structure of the P3AT substituents is shown to influence the polaron spin state and hyperfine interaction with its own microenvironment. The prospects of the approaches used in the work to develop electronic and spintronic elements with spin-controlled parameters are shown.

First combined tuning on transverse kinematic imbalance data with and without pion production constraints

We present the first combined tuning, using , of four transverse kinematic imbalance measurements of neutrino-hydrocarbon scattering, both with and without pion final states, from the T2K and MINERvA experiments. As a proof of concept, we have simultaneously tuned the initial state and final-state interaction models (SF-CFG and hA, respectively), producing a new effective model that more accurately describes the data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The comprehensive large-scale redevelopment of Pazhou Village in Guangzhou, China: The interaction of state, market and local community

Urban villages are an important element of the urban environment in China. Often characterized by high densities, illegal construction and poor quality, the key issue of urban villages for city planners and officials is whether to try to comprehensively redevelop them or opt for gradual upgrading. This paper provides an evaluation of the comprehensive redevelopment of Pazhou Village in Guangzhou, China, after a decade and shows that under certain important conditions including good co-operation between governments, developers and village collectives, land use intensification and participatory planning, it is possible for comprehensive redevelopment to benefit the original villagers. The redevelopment was initiated by the local state and the case study examines the dynamic interactions between the key actors and their respective roles in ensuring the success of the development. Using the theory of state entrepreneurialism, the findings highlight the leading yet subtle role of the state in Chinese cities.

Unraveling the developmental heterogeneity within the human retina to reconstruct the continuity of retinal ganglion cell maturation and stage-specific intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Tissue development is a complex spatiotemporal process with multiple interdependent components. Anatomical, histological, sequencing, and evolutional strategies can be used to profile and explain tissue development from different perspectives. The introduction of scRNAseq methods and the computational tools allows to deconvolute developmental heterogeneity and draw a decomposed uniform map. In this manuscript, we decomposed the development of a human retina with a focus on the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). To increase the temporal resolution of retinal cell classes maturation state we assumed the working hypothesis that that maturation of retinal ganglion cells is a continuous, non-discrete process. We have assembled the scRNAseq atlas of human fetal retina from fetal week 8 to week 27 and applied the computational methods to unravel maturation heterogeneity into a uniform maturation track. We align RGC transcriptomes in pseudotime to map RGC developmental fate trajectories against the broader timeline of retinal development. Through this analysis, we identified the continuous maturation track of RGC and described the cell-intrinsic (DEGs, maturation gene profiles, regulons, transcriptional motifs) and -extrinsic profiles (neurotrophic receptors across maturation, cell-cell interactions) of different RGC maturation states. We described the genes involved in the retina and RGC maturation, including de novo RGC maturation drivers. We demonstrate the application of the human fetal retina atlas as a reference tool, allowing automated annotation and universal embedding of scRNAseq data. Altogether, our findings deepen the current knowledge of the retina and RGC maturation by bringing in the maturation dimension for the cell class vs. state analysis. We show how the pseudotime application contributes to developmental-oriented analyses, allowing to order the cells by their maturation state. This approach not only improves the downstream computational analysis but also provides a true maturation track transcriptomics profile.

Tensor product space for studying the interaction of bipartite states of light with nanostructures

Tensor product space for studying the interaction of bipartite states of light with nanostructures