Interaction Of Public Authorities Research Articles

General secondary education in Spain: administrative law aspects

The article analyses the system of general secondary education in Spain from the perspective of administrative law. The author aims to study the main goals and objectives of general secondary education in Spain, its principles, structure, educational relations and the State’s obligations in the field of education. The research is based on the analysis of the fundamental legal act in the field of education in Spain, the Organic Law of Education.
 The author notes that in the system of compulsory secondary education in Spain, particular attention is paid to the educational and professional orientation of students, taking into account the gender-sensitive approach and special educational needs of students with disabilities. In addition, school education is aimed at teaching students the basic elements of culture, instilling tolerance, healthy lifestyle skills, and respect for the environment.
 For the purpose of comparative analysis of the practical achievements of the Spanish secondary education system, the author draws attention to the results of the OESD’s Programme for International Student Assessment PISA, other data from the OECD, UNDP and independent rankings.
 It is noted that public administration in the field of general secondary education is in close communication and interaction of public authorities, is characterised by decentralisation of powers, transparency, accountability, autonomy of educational institutions and flexibility in the organisation of the educational process. The author looks into the distribution of powers in the field of education between the bodies of the General State Administration, such as the Government of Spain and the Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports of Spain, and the administrations of the Autonomous Communities. Education authorities at different levels coordinate their actions, each within its own competence, in order to use resources efficiently and achieve the goals set by law.
 On the basis of the research, the author concludes that public administration in the field of education in Spain is aimed at meeting to the fullest extent the needs of the population in providing general secondary education, and the Spanish education system itself is focused on the formation of educated, tolerant and culturally enriched individuals. The state is most interested in taking into account the needs of students to unveil their potential to the full extent.

Barriers of subject-object interaction in the management of the region

The relevance of the study of subject-object interaction in regional management is due to the need to use the constructive potential of management actors and substantiate optimal methods for overcoming the limitations of subject-object interaction of participants in the process. The article attempts to analyze the barriers of subject-object interaction in the management of the region. The paper examines the currently existing approaches to the study of the structural content of the concept of "region". The interaction of public authorities with local self-government bodies is studied, as a rule, either in the context of the problem of differentiation of competence between public authorities, or in the format of understanding the interaction between them. At the same time, the discussion in sociological science about the correlation of regional and municipal interests, about the delimitation, redistribution and transfer of powers between levels of public authority is far from over. The article uses a method of analyzing the processes of subject-object interaction based on the concepts of symbolic interactionism and social subjectivity. Overcoming the limitations of subject-object interaction requires developing effective strategies, improving communication, increasing trust between participants, reducing technical limitations, improving information security, expanding cultural dialogue, as well as developing organizational mechanisms, creating adequate management structures and allocating sufficient resources to implement management tasks. To do this, it is necessary to improve coordination and cooperation between different levels of government and subjects of the region, increase the efficiency of the management apparatus, ensure access to resources and financing, as well as actively develop information and communication technologies for data collection and analysis. It can be argued that the subject-object interaction in the management of the region depends on the political goals of the state, the effectiveness of its management apparatus, the level of development of self-government and resource capabilities due to interaction with the economic market and interference in economic processes.

Institutions of public authority: adaptation to changing conditions of functioning (all-russian scientific conference with international participation)

On June 14, 2023 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Science the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation “Institutes of public authority: adaptation to changing conditions of functioning” was held. Representatives of the leading Russian scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers from Belarus and Uzbekistan discussed a wide range of problems related to the understanding of public authority and justification of its types, the specifics of implementation of the principle of separation of powers and interaction of various branches and levels of public authority in the modern conditions, ensuring the independence of the judiciary and implementation of constitutional review, as well as the interaction of public authorities with the population and civil society institutions. Particular attention was paid to the impact of information technology on the activities of public authorities.

Стратегическое планирование в государственном управлении как система институциональных инструментов и механизмов целеполагания

The article is devoted to the subject field of political science research within the scientific specialty “Public Administration and sectoral policies” and the analysis of the practice of state strategic planning as a political system of institutional instruments and goal-setting mechanisms in the Russian Federation. The article discusses public political and legal mechanisms for combining values and goals with the choice of ways and methods to achieve them. The constitutional exclusivity and independence of each branch of government as the basis of its strategic resource and strategic planning potential is highlighted as the fundamental public political and legal mechanism for combining values and goals with the choice of ways and methods to achieve them. A general description of the architecture of the unified system of public power in accordance with the amendments to the Constitution of Russia and the current configuration of the public administration system is given. The importance of political factor of the effectiveness of the administration of strategic management system and the implementation of sectoral policies in modern Russia on the basis of the mechanisms of coordinated functioning and interaction of public authorities and local self-government in a single system of public authority is shown. Fundamental changes are highlighted that make it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of the federal government in a unified system of public authority with an emphasis on the implementation of national development goals of both the Russian Federation as a whole and the regions based on the sectoral structure of the economy. Attention is focused on the political goals of the regional factor of socio-economic development of territories on the basis of mechanisms and tools of strategic planning, the directions of fundamental political, legal, administrative and managerial decisions on the implementation of the regional investment standard are determined. The role of federal institutions of innovative development and provision of infrastructure projects and programs for solving the tasks of ensuring sustainable economic growth and diversification of the modern Russian economy, which cannot be optimally implemented by market mechanisms, was demonstrated. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of the interpretative understanding of politics as a system of institutional tools and goal-setting mechanisms in the political and legal practice of state strategic planning for determining promising directions in the subject field of scientific research within the specialty “Public Administration and sectoral policies”, for solving problems of improving the quality of public administration through the introduction of a management model based on big data and artificial intelligence, the transition of the public authority system to a data-based management model using a platform approach.

Subjects of public law: interpretational aspects of normative provisions of international legal instruments and legislation of Ukraine

The article examines the normative provisions of international legal instruments and national legislation that contain defining aspects of subjects of public law. It is established that the concept of «subject of public law» is closely related to the concepts of «public service,» «public interest,» and others. The analysis of the content of these concepts demonstrates that subjects of public law are endowed with rights and legal obligations aimed at safeguarding, regulating, and ensuring the public interest. The key aspects of the latter are identified in international legal instruments. In particular, the normative provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights indicate that public interest is the aspiration to achieve the common welfare in society. The Charter of the United Nations contains provisions that perceive public interest as the absence of threats to peaceful coexistence of all nations.Based on this basis, public interest is defined as a priority task for states, public authorities, officials, etc., that have societal, state, or international significance and are driven by the necessity to achieve the common welfare of society.It is argued that subjects of public law should include the state as a whole and all state bodies (including those without legal personality) that are integral parts of the state mechanism. They have their own structure defined by law, clearly delineated powers in the exercise of state authority, and also encompass any private law entity that performs the functions of a state body. Public authorities without legal personality include territorial bodies of the central executive authority responsible for implementing state customs policy and central executive authorities responsible for implementing state tax policy. Legal entities of public law are also considered subjects of public law, despite not being part of the executive authority system. The constitutional and legal status of local self-government allows it to be characterized as an independent form of public authority alongside state authority within a territorial community. In addition to the mentioned subjects, other subjects of public law are identified, such as state registrars and subjects of state registration, who are authorized by law to provide administrative services.It is noted that the study of normative legal provisions containing defining aspects of subjects of public law enhances the cognitive possibilities for a systemic understanding of the subjective-substantial component of the national legal system. It contributes to the improvement of the functioning and interaction of public authorities, which is an important factor in building the rule of law and ensuring the rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens.The most significant features of subjects of public law are identified, namely: they are formed in accordance with the norms of public law, their purpose of creation and activity is to ensure the realization of public interest, their establishment and functioning are not dependent on private will and private interests of individuals, they facilitate the implementation of state governance and/or the performance of tasks and functions of the state as envisaged by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. They are empowered to exercise state authority within the scope of their powers, based on and in the manner prescribed by legislation.Subjects of public law are proposed to be understood as participants in public legal relations that are established in a defined manner by imperative legal norms in order to ensure the realization of public interest.These subjects are endowed with state authority and empowered to engage in socially significant activities to achieve this goal.

Концепция архитектуры комплексной цифровой экосистемы Кемеровской области с механизмом сбора данных

The article proposes the integrated digital ecosystem concept for Kemerovo region with a mechanism for data collection and transformation. The concept meets the requirements for the creation of a data management center in the Kemerovo region. The requirements are specified in the Digital transformation strategy for economic sectors, social sphere and public administration of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. The authors analyze the strategy and list the characteristics of the current digital ecosystem of the region. The article reveals inconsistency in the interaction of state and municipal authorities with business structures and citizens of the region in the digital environment. The authors describe the expediency of applying the proposed concept in the Kemerovo region for a positive impact on the provision of social and economic benefits in the region. The effectiveness of digital ecosystems with data collection and transformation mechanisms is confirmed by examples of different countries. Thanks to the proposed concept, the requirements of legislation are met, the lack of consistency in the interaction of public authorities is resolved.

INTERACTION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY BODIES AND CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF POWER DECENTRALIZATION

The purpose of the article is research and generalization of scientific approaches regarding the interaction of public authorities and institutions of civil society in conditions of decentralization of power. It was determined that civil society and public authorities are in constant interaction, complement each other and depend on each other. A strong legal democratic state cannot exist without civil society. As a result of the study, it was established that the activities of civil society institutions should correspond to the strategic goal of civil society to create conditions for the fullest possible self-realization and satisfaction of the interests of society, individual individuals and their collective associations. It was established that the public-legal type of interaction between civil society and public authorities is characterized by the direct power activity of public authorities, which implement the functions of the state through law-making, law enforcement and control. The private-law type of interaction between civil society and public authorities looks somewhat more complicated, since civil society subjects, not having state-authority powers, can influence public authorities through participation in election procedures, examination of legal acts, monitoring and control It is emphasized that control is only one of a rather large number of types of interaction between civil society and public authorities, which can be defined as activities carried out by subjects of civil society in the forms established by regulatory and legal acts, by observation, assessment and, if necessary, adjustment of activities, results of activities of public authorities for the purpose of ensuring their compliance with predetermined parameters and the goal of increasing the efficiency of such activities.

Interaction of Public Authorities in Strategic Planning

The relevance of the paper is determined by the authors’ intentions to solve the problems of national economic strategy to a greater extent than issues of purely academic interest, since the effectiveness of domestic strategic planning, despite the efforts actively made to organize this process, including in terms of legal regulation, is clearly insufficient. The principal method of research is the comparison of existing legislative provisions with each other, with elements of foreign experience and with the actual state of things, and their linking into a single logic. The authors analyzed system and tactical problems of the strategic planning and management, considering the involvement of public authorities in this process. System problems include the absence of both a hierarchy of documents and an analytical planning entity of high capacity, as well as a lack of performers’ competencies. Tactical problems include the unsatisfactory state of affairs at the municipal level and the overload of the strategic planning system of inferior quality documents. The primary task of the study is to determine the fundamental ways to resolve systemic and tactical problems. Separately, the authors highlight an importance of introducing the public authority legal category that is going to synchronize strategies of all its levels in the future. Based on the analysis of the internal logic of the development of a strategic planning and management system, as well as the best practices of foreign experience, the authors conclude that the state system of strategic audit. According to the results of the study, this system is inadequate to the tasks of effective implementation of the state strategy. Also, the authors concluded the need for digitalization of strategic planning to reconstruct existing connections, methods of interaction and the use of new, informational analysis methods. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility of applying the authors’ recommendations being in the normative regulation of the process of domestic strategic planning and management.

ТЕНЕВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ДИСБАЛАНСА ИНТЕРЕСОВ ГОСУДАРСТВА И НАЛОГОПЛАТЕЛЬЩИКОВ

Consideration of the causes of the shadow economy in the context of the emergence of an imbalance of interests of the state and taxpayers allows us to identify factors not only of an economic and legal nature, but also social or psychological indicators, which allows us to analyze the shadow economy as a complex phenomenon, the counteraction of which requires the use of diverse tools based on both the principles of coercion and stimulation. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of the strategy of selective use of control procedures and service technologies in the interaction of public authorities and economic agents within the framework of risk-oriented administration technologies.

Recommendations on the interaction of public authorities and entrepreneurship for the formation of a positive image of the Republic of Crimea

Recommendations on the interaction of public authorities and entrepreneurship for the formation of a positive image of the Republic of Crimea

Environmental and energy opportunities in the Arctic zone for the transition to a circular economy

The relevance of the study is determined by the need for scientifically-based approaches to the introduction of circular economy technologies in the Arctic zone based on accounting and assessment of the environmental and energy capabilities of this territory. Sustainable economic development with minimal negative impact on the environment is one of the biggest global challenges. Since today’s linear economy increasingly contributes to the problems of sustainable development, it is important to work on creating a closed-cycle economy in which the cycle of resources-production-use-waste is closed. The purpose of the study is to study the concept of circular economy and the possibility of its use in the socio-ecological and economic development of the Arctic zone. The objectives of the research are the following: systematization of theoretical approaches to the study of the circular economy concept; identification of economic, energy opportunities, and problems in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the transition to a circular economy; justification of the feasibility of using modern business models of the closed-cycle economy in the Arctic zone industries; development of state support directions for the circular economy development in the Arctic zone. The methodological and methodic basis of the research are the methods of systematic, comparative analysis, text mining, empirical verification. The results of the study are the substantiation of the possibility of introducing circular economy technologies in the national economy, considering the peculiarities of socio-ecological and economic development of the Arctic zone; the development of scientifically sound proposals for the transition to a closed-cycle economy based on the interaction of public authorities and business structures.

FEATURES OF INTERACTION OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND SOCIETY ON THE ISSUE OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF KHARKIV REGION

Peculiarities of interaction between public authorities and society in the field of ecological safety of rural communities, Kharkiv region, in particular, scientific ideas on interaction of public authorities and society in the field of ecological safety of rural communities and highlight their features, examples of Kharkiv region

Interaction of Public Authorities in the Sphere of Strategic Planning of the Russian Federation

The subject of the study is organizational and managerial relations arising from the interaction of public authorities in the field of strategic planning. The object of the study is the strategic planning system of Russia. The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic and integrated approach. The author examines in detail the aspects of the emergence of a new concept of "public authority" in modern Russian legislation. Special attention is paid to the structure of the unified system of public power and the interaction of public authorities with each other in the process of strategic planning. The article shows that the activities of public authorities, as participants in strategic planning, are aimed at solving the problems of socio-economic development and ensuring the national security of Russia. The novelty of the research lies in the formation of a system of interaction between public authorities capable of increasing the effectiveness of the strategic planning participants in addressing issues of socio-economic development and ensuring the economic and national security of Russia. The article shows that currently the interaction of public authorities in the field of strategic planning is extremely relevant and should be aimed at their mobilization for the implementation of the fundamental documents of strategic planning - the Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation and the Strategy of National Security of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions. The use of the results of the conducted research allows: - to increase the mobilization level and the effectiveness of the activities of public authorities; -optimize (reduce) the number of strategic planning documents being developed; -ensure consistency of strategic and budget planning; -increase the level of information and analytical support to support management decision-making processes; -ensure effective control and monitoring in the field of strategic planning; -increase efficiency in the adjustment of plans and programs; -to increase the responsibility of officials of public authorities in the field of strategic planning.

E-Governance in System Interaction of Public Authorities

The development of the e-governance system in public authorities significantly affects the quality and efficiency of the staff performance. This reflects the level of its qualification as an ability to use programmable electronic systems in order to process and analyze official information, which will further serve to provide electronic services to individuals and legal entities and, consequently, solve problems related to the development of priority sectors of economic activities, covering the scope of human capital management (HCM).

СУЧАСНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНИМИ ПОСЛУГАМИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of public administration and the regulation of the policy of providing social services and the organization of social protection in Ukraine, the conceptual foundations of the formation of a national model of the economic development of the economic system in the context of the social component of state policy in modern conditions (the state of war and the state of socio-economic parameters models of maintaining the national economy, assessment of the application of socially oriented state policy, the institutional focus of the implementation of the modern economic system, the genesis of the corresponding model of the functioning of the economy) and methodological approaches to determining the needs and basic determinants of the formation and development of the system of providing social services in specific historical conditions; the current state of the national economic system has been analyzed (in terms of the maintenance and crisis state of the socio-economic subsystem, real risks of deepening social inequality), which allows choosing the most optimal measures to counteract the negative consequences generated by them; a mechanism of state management of the process of providing social services, supporting the function of social security institutions according to the appropriate classification is proposed (such a structure clearly identifies their role in regulating social reproduction based on a complementary combination, while reducing the risks of a possible drop in the standard of living of the population in crisis conditions). Local self-government bodies must take into account the results of public consultations when making final decisions. Also, the interaction of public authorities and non-governmental public organizations can take place in the form of cooperation and highlight the provisions on government action programs for the period of overcoming military and crisis situations in the country, taking into account regional problems of social security and the safety of life of the population, will allow to overcome social disintegration and social insecurity of certain categories of citizens and ensure proper and appropriate access to the provision of social services in the conditions of martial law and inclusiveness of the development of the national economic system of the country.

РОЗВИТОК СУЧАНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ДЕВОЛЮЦІЇ У ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the devolutionary processes in Great Britain, which have intensified and institutionalized since the late twentieth century and continue to the present days, as well as their impact on the political and socio-economic development of its member countries – England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study are scientific methods and methodological approaches to understanding the process of interaction of public authorities under conditions of devolution. An important condition of the chosen research strategy is the observance of the principles of objectivity, multifactoriality and systematicity. The study is based on methodological principles of a systematic approach. Using a systems approach makes it possible to study the interaction of public authorities in the UK in the context of devolution as a single system. Based on the fact that devolution involves the creation of certain institutions, as well as institutional adaptation to a management system that adapts to new conditions, the main methodological approach to analysis was the institutional approach. The article emphasizes that for a long time the United Kingdom has been a model of decentralized political governance based on the culture of civil society and the representation of local interests in the national government. To a large extent, Britain's sustainable development depends on a periodic political compromise. It can alleviate the main contradiction of the British political system – the dichotomy of the principles of the supremacy of parliament and regional self-government. It is proved that the decentralization of public administration in the UK means the devolution of central government and increasing the responsibility of local government in the expansion and development of various forms of interaction between state and society. In general, the process of decentralization of power in the UK is complex and ambiguous one. The process of devolution in the UK is characterized by asymmetry, as evidenced by the lack of legislative powers of England. In this context, it is stated that the procedure of interaction between public authorities at different levels is not well established. Today there is a significant number of control functions, levers of administrative and financial pressure on central offices, as well as the lack of clear recommendations by which local authorities could determine what is within their competence and address urgent issues more effectively.

The problem of interaction of public authorities of different levels in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in federal states

The article deals with the problem of interaction of public authorities of different levels in federal states within the framework of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The experience of such countries as Australia, Brazil, India, USA, Switzerland and Germany is analyzed. As the development of events in the countries under consideration showed, a proper response to the threat of a pandemic in federal states can be somewhat difficult taking into account their characteristic system of multilevel governance and complex mechanisms of delineation of powers between the federation and its subjects. At the same time, the federal form of the state structure has also certain advantages including the possibility of applying a more flexible and differentiated approach towards individual territories and the availability of the established mechanisms of interaction between public authorities of different levels.

ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ОРГАНОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ С НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ

The problem of interaction of State authorities with the civilian population has existed since the beginning of the formation of States and the centralization of justice. The dissemination of laws, the maintenance of state records, the collection of taxes – the state performs these functions by informing citizens through the mass media or point-by-point. The article analyzes specific examples of the interaction of the population with the state authorities on the example of the tax authorities of the Russian Federation. The objectives are a comprehensive analysis of the methods of interaction of public authorities with citizens, the choice of optimal methods and ways for tax authorities to inform individuals and legal entities of the Russian Federation. The methods of observation and statistical analysis were used in the study. Analysis of the interaction of public authorities with individuals and legal entities led to the conclusion that it is necessary to accelerate the pace of transition to electronic document management, as well as amendments to the regulatory framework regarding the acceptance of electronic documents by legal entities.

Практика ефективної взаємодії публічної влади і громадських організацій: європейський досвід для України

Проаналізовано практику ефективної взаємодії представників публічної влади і громадських організацій у суміжних із Україною країнах Європейського Союзу (далі – ЄС) Польщі, Угорщині, Румунії. Наголошено на тому, що інституції громадянського суспільства мають неабиякі соціально-психологічні переваги й суттєво впливають на розвиток публічно-інституційних відносин у державі. Доведено, що ефективна адаптація держави до вимог громадянського суспільства пришвидшує вдосконалення державної політики сприяння розвитку громадських організацій. Визначено функціональний ланцюг сприяння, за яким проглядається логіка застосування міжнародного досвіду в українських реаліях: державна політика – законодавчі норми – громадянська ініціатива – практика публічної взаємодії. Наголошено на прикладах профільної взаємодії (приклад Румунії), ефективності процедури надання сервісних послуг та її діджиталізації (приклад Польщі) та скоординованої політики сприяння розвитку громадських організацій (приклад Угорщини).

The place of local government bodies in a unified system of public government bodies of Russia: issues of theoretical implementation

The introduction of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation necessitated a theoretical understanding of the established legal norms after their legislative update. Inclusion in the text of the state basic law of the public authorities concept, which requires its theoretical understanding, is of unconditional interest. To identify the specifics of the position of local self-government bodies in the state mechanism, depending on a particular model of state governance, it is necessary to study the experience of organization and functioning of the state apparatus at various historical stages. The aim of the study is to analyze the concepts of theoretical scientists on the legal nature and role of public authorities in the life of the state and to determine the position of local authorities in the public authority system in connection with consolidation of their unity with public authorities in the basic law of the state. In the process of research, the authors used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods - historical and comparative legal. It is concluded that, despite the novelty of the concept of public authorities in the text of the basic law of the state, conceptually it does not change the basis of the functional interaction of public authorities and local governments. Nevertheless, the normative consolidation of the unity of public authorities in the Constitution of the Russian Federation does not abolish the organizational separation of local self-government and its bodies from public authorities.