In this study, we systematically investigate the ϕ meson and nucleus interaction by analyzing and fitting the cross sections of \\begin{document}$ \\gamma N $\\end{document} \\begin{document}$ \\rightarrow \\phi $\\end{document} N reactions near the threshold, where N represents the nucleus. Using the vector meson dominant model, the distribution of the ϕ-N scattering length is presented as a function of energy, and the results show that there is a slight increase in scattering length with increasing energy. Based on this, the average scattering length of a ϕ-proton is obtained as \\begin{document}$ 0.10\\pm0.01 $\\end{document} fm by combining experimental data and theoretical models. Moreover, the average scattering length of the ϕ-deuteron interaction is derived to be \\begin{document}$ 0.014\\pm0.002 $\\end{document} fm for the first time. Furthermore, the effect of the momentum transfer \\begin{document}$|t_{{\\rm min}}|$\\end{document} on the ϕ-N scattering length at the threshold is discussed. The obtained results not only provide important theoretical information for a more comprehensive and accurate study of the ϕ-N scattering length, but also a basis for future experimental measurements of ϕ meson production.